Development of photosensitive liposomes for the controlled release of drugs

The facility to controlled triggered release from a “cage” system remains a key requirement for novel drug delivery. Earlier studies have shown that Bis-Azo PC based photosensitive liposomes are beneficial for drug delivery. Thus, the aim of this project was to develop photosensitive liposomes that can be used for the controlled release of drugs through UV irradiation, particularly therapeutic agents for the treatment of psoriasis. Bis-Azo PC was successfully synthesized and incorporated into a range of liposomal formulations, and these liposomes were applied for the controlled release of BSA-FITC. Bis-Azo PC sensitized liposomes were prepared via interdigitation fusion method. IFV containing optimum cholesterol amount in terms of protein loading, stability and photo-trigger release of protein was investigated. Further studies investigated the stability and triggered release of the HMT from IFV. Finally, permeation behavior of HMT and HMT-entrapped IFV through rat skin was examined using Franz cell. Results from protein study indicated that the stable entrapment of the model protein was feasible as shown through fluorescence spectroscopy and maximum of 84% protein release from IFV after 12 min of UV irradiation. Moreover, stability studies indicated that IFV were more stable at 4 °C as compared to 25 °C. Hence, DPPC:Chol:Bis-Azo PC (16:2:1) based IFV was chosen for the controlled release of HMT and these studies exhibited that photo-trigger release and stability data of HMT-entrapped IFV are in line with the protein results. Franz cell work inferred that HMT-entrapped IFV attributed to slower skin permeation as compared to HMT. CLSM also demonstrated that HMT can be used as a fluorescent label for the in vitro skin study. Overall, the work highlighted in this thesis has given useful insight into the potentials of Bis-Azo PC based IFV as a promising carrier for the treatment of psoriasis

Green Logistic and Sustainable Electronic Products Packaging; Consumers Perspective

The purpose of this study is to examine the customer perception and the impact of several on green logistics. More specifically, we looked at how customers' perceptions of green packaging, government assistance for recycling materials and trash management, eco-products, education on waste recycling, and waste management awareness affect green logistics. A quantitative approach using a questionnaire is employed. A total of 124 usable surveys is collected. Using the regression analysis, the findings reveal that green packaging, Eco-products & education are strongly and positively influenced by green logistics. However, Government support moderately and positively influences green logistics

Reaction products of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizers of varying water-soluble phosphorus content in different Indian soils

Studies were undertaken on the isolation and identification of reaction products of ammonium nitrate phosphate (ANP) fertilizers containing 30, 50 and 70 per cent water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) of total phosphorus in representative soils of the vertisol, oxisol, alfisol, entisol, mollisol and aridisol groups of India. ANP fertilizers were applied in solid form to soil, and reaction products formed at and around the site of ANP fertilizer placement were identified after six weeks incubation in moist soils by X-ray diffraction technique. DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate- CaHPO4 . 2H2O) was the major reaction product of ANP fertilizers containing 30 and 50 per cent WSP in vertisol, entisol, aridisol, mollisol, oxisol and alfisol, and of ANP containing 70 per cent WSP in vertisol, entisol, alfisol, aridisol and mollisol. DCP (dicalcium phosphate-CaHPO4) was detected with ANP of 30 and 50 per cent WSP in the vertisol, alfisol, entisol, mollisol and aridisol groups of soils. In addition to DCPD, FePO4 . 2H2O (metastrengite) and AlPO4 . 2H2 O-monoclinic (metavariscite) were formed in alfisol and oxisol soils with ANP of 30 and 50 per cent WSP. FePO4 . 2H2O and AlPO4 . 2H2O (metavariscite) were identified in alfisol and oxisol soils while AlPO4 . 2H2O-orthorhombic (variscite) was formed in alfisol soils with ANP of 70 per cent WSP

Synthesis and thermoluminescence properties of gamma ray irradiated NaCl:Dy3+ phosphor

The synthesis and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of γ-irradiated NaCl:Dy3+ phosphors are reported in this paper. The NaCl:Dy3+ phosphors of different concentrations of Dy3+ doped in NaCl host are prepared by a wet chemical method. TL of all phosphors has been recorded for different γ-doses. The nature of variations of peak TL intensities is found to be sublinear with γ-irradiation dose and with the concentrations (0.05-0.5 mol%) of added Dy3+ in all the samples. The dose response curve is linear upto 0.6 kGy. Minimum fading is observed in the prepared sample

NOVEL FORMULATION FOR ENHANCED EFFICACY OF LAVANG TAILA (CLOVE OIL) FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Lavang (Clove - Eugenia caryophyllata) has been used since years for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anesthetic effects. The aim of current study was to observe anti-inflammatory activity of clove oil in the form of Bio-adhesive Gel, since it has property to inhibitCOX-2 enzyme and prostaglandins.Self-Micro emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) is an isotropic and thermodynamically stable mixture of oil, surfactant/co-surfactant and drug.  A novel SMEDDS of extract of Clove (Lavanga Taila) and other chemicals as Vitamin E TPGS - as surfactant,  antioxidant, penetration enhancer and can protect the oil from degradation, Transcutol P- as co-surfactant, Ethanol- co-solvent, Carbopol - as the gelling agent and Distilled water.  Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model was used to investigate the in vivo performance. Commercial clove oil formulation was used as reference formulation.After the carrageenan injection, the paw volumes were measured at 15 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours by using a plethysmometer. The percentage inhibition of edema was calculated by the equation: % inhibition of edema = 100 [1-(Vt/Vc)].Various proportions of the contents were used to prepare several SMEDDS formulations. The optimized batch was selected on the basis of clarity and stability for 24 hrs. Organoleptic parameters such as pH value (7.3), Spreadability (++), Consistency(+++), Washability (+++), Irritation(None), Film formation (continuous) were observed for the prepared gel.Results reveal that the action of SMEDDS gel was about two times better than the clove oil alone, as the percentage of inhibition of edema was 42.06 % by SMEDDS gel while the Clove oil inhibits 25.67% at the end of 3rd hour. The in vivo studies showed that bio-adhesive gel of clove oil has significant role as anti-inflammatory (shothahar) action. The gel can be further used for oral preparations. However more investigations are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the gel

Solitary central osteoma of mandible in a geriatric patient: report and review

Solitary central osteomas of jaw are extremely rare lesions with only few previously documented cases. This paper reports a case of large solitary central osteoma involving mandible symphysis- parasymphysis region in an elderly female patient. A brief review of similar cases reported in the literature is also provided in this paper

Area Under Curve by UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination Albendazole in Bulk

The aim of present investigation is to establish simple, precise, and rapid Spectrophotometric method for the quantification of Albendazole in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. In this, work is carried out to for estimation of Albendazole bulk by utilizing an Area under Curve (AUC) method using UV – Visible Spectrophotometry. The study is designed to validate the developed methods as per ICH guidelines. For this purpose the wavelength range between 200-400 nm was selected. Methanolic distilled water (50 ml methanol used for stock solution and serial dilution in 25 ml distilled water) was used as a solvent throughout the work. Linearity was obtained in concentration range 2 to 10 ɥg/ml (r2 = 0.992) for the method. The developed method was found to be simple, linear, accurate, precise and highly sensitive and which can be used for routine quality control analysis for Spectrophotometric estimation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. KeywordS: Albendazole, linearity, AUC, spectrophotometer, methanol, distilled water

Densitometric and Viscometric Study of Diclofenac Sodium in Aqueous Solution in Presence and Absence of Additives at Different Temperatures.

The measurement of density and viscosity of diclofenac sodium in aqueous solution have been measured and analyzed in presence of additives viz. NaCl, dextrose, KCl, sodium lactate  in a  range of molarity, m= (4 × 10-3 to 1.99 × 10-2) mol.L-1, at T = (298.15 to 313.15)K using a pycknometer and Ubbelohde viscometer. The density results were used to evaluate the apparent molar volumes. Viscosity results were used to calculate Jones-Dole viscosity B-coefficient. The simple physical properties like density and viscosity are used to explain the molecular interaction in aqueous solutions as well as in presence of additives. Drug therapy now forms a major aspect of therapeutics. The drug interact with various ions, molecules, biological membranes present in the biological system is an important phenomenon. Keywords: Diclofenac sodium, density, viscosity, apparent molar volume, B-coefficien