Culture, Habitat and Ethno-Medicinal practices by Bhotia Tribe people of Dharchula Region of Pithoragarh District in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand

A survey in different areas of Dharchula region in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand was conducted in different seasons of the year to identify the non-conventional uses of plants. In India, there are about 68 million people belonging to 227 ethnic groups and comprising of 573 tribal communities. Out of which 4 tribes (Tharus, Buxas, Rajis and Bhotias) inhabit the Kumaun division of the state. The Bhotia tribe living in remote thick forest of the Dharchula region depends on nature for their basic needs of life. The 8 major Bhotia groups in the state are i.e. Johari, Juthora, Darmi, Chudans, Byansi, Marccha, Tolcha and Jad. The tribal population of Bhotia community is 8.13 % and inhabited in about 18.70 % of area of the country. The present study was carried out to document the precious indigenous traditional knowledge about the ethno-medicinal uses and properties of plants which are under Red Data List of IUCN. Ethno-medicinal information on 17 plant species belonging 15 families, used in various ailments by the inhabitants of the community was recorded. The attempt is also made to describe the habitat, customs and economical aspects of Bhotia tribes

Late recovery of phrenic nerve palsy in a neonate: A case report

Hyperextension of the neck at birth can injure the phrenic nerve and/or brachial plexus usually at the point where the phrenic nerve crosses the brachial plexus. We present a case of the preterm baby, who had Erb’s palsy and diaphragmatic paralysis since birth after breech delivery. Persistent respiratory distress and chest X-ray gave a clue to diagnosis, which was confirmed on ultrasound. The baby recovered on the conservative approach at 2 months of life without surgical plication. This study describes that late spontaneous recovery up to 2 months is possible in a newborn with respiratory distress due to phrenic nerve palsy

A Review on Geographical and Pharmacological Distribution of Brassica Oleracea

Background: White cabbage, scientifically known as Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba, is a cruciferous vegetable that has long been valued for its culinary and medicinal uses. For the treatment of numerous illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, bacteria, oxidation, and obesity, various preparations derived from various portions of the plant, including roots, shoots, leaves, and the entire plant, are utilized. Objective: Botany, distribution, traditional applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of B. oleracea var. capitata are all going to be assessed in this review. In addition, the gaps in knowledge will be filled and new research opportunities in pharmacology will be highlighted by this review. Method: Through an internet search of internationally recognised scientific databases, a variety of resources were gathered to gain a comprehensive understanding of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. These resources included research papers, reviews, books, and reports.   Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, organic acids, glucosinolates, steroids, hydrocarbons, and about forty-nine other phytochemical components of Brassica oleracea var. capitata have been culled from various sources. Bactericidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, anticoagulant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer are only a few of the pharmacological activities exhibited by crude extracts and phytoconstituents of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Here you may find a complete inventory of the phytochemical components and pharmacological information pertaining to Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Conclusion: Results showed that Brassica oleracea var. capitata is a significant medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological effects, and the study also looked at its phytochemistry, traditional applications, and pharmacological activity. Our goal in conducting this assessment of this plant was to bridge knowledge gaps in the field and lay the groundwork for future studies and medication development. While researching Brassica oleracea var. capitata, we did find a number of significant traditional applications and pharmacological properties

Isolation and Characterization of Bauhinia Variegata for The Prevention & Treatment of Skin Infection

Aim - Identification and characterization of Bauhinia variegata are the goals of This study to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the species and its potential applications in treating and preventing skin infections. Additionally, it contains anti-ulcer, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulating, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, molluscicidal, and wound-healing properties. Materials & Methods - The bark and flowers of the ethnobotanically important plant Bauhinia variegata L. were undertaken for the present study. Botanists from the Department of Botany, Safia Science College, validated the plant material taken from Botanical, the cultivated farm, and the open field in Bhopal. Methodology - The methodology for the isolation and characterization of Bauhinia variegata includes collecting plant material, extracting suitable solvents, evaluating antimicrobial properties, determining antioxidant activity through various assays, and characterization of bioactive compounds using spectroscopic techniques. Result and Discussion - Bark and flower extracts/fractions from Bauhinia variegata showed strong antioxidant activity, blocking DPPH free radicals. Particularly REB and MEB demonstrated notable scavenging activities in the bark extract/fractions. The greatest level of DPPH radical inhibition was seen in the MEF extract from flowers. Column chromatography's isolated fractions (BV1, BV3, and BV4) also demonstrated potent radical-scavenging abilities. Additionally, different levels of superoxide anion scavenging activity were seen in the extracts/fractions, with the polar fractions exhibiting a notable reducing power. Overall, the antioxidant activity of Bauhinia variegata extracts appears encouraging

The Structural Features of Trask That Mediate Its Anti-Adhesive Functions

Trask/CDCP1 is a transmembrane protein with a large extracellular and small intracellular domains. The intracellular domain (ICD) undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by Src kinases during anchorage loss and, when phosphorylated, Trask functions to inhibit cell adhesion. The extracellular domain (ECD) undergoes proteolytic cleavage by serine proteases, although the functional significance of this remains unknown. There is conflicting evidence regarding whether it functions to signal the phosphorylation of the ICD. To better define the structural determinants that mediate the anti-adhesive functions of Trask, we generated a series of deletion mutants of Trask and expressed them in tet-inducible cell models to define the structural elements involved in cell adhesion signaling. We find that the ECD is dispensable for the phosphorylation of the ICD or for the inhibition of cell adhesion. The anti-adhesive functions of Trask are entirely embodied within its ICD and are specifically due to tyrosine phosphorylation of the ICD as this function is completely lost in a phosphorylation-defective tyrosine-phenylalanine mutant. Both full length and cleaved ECDs are fully capable of phosphorylation and undergo phosphorylation during anchorage loss and cleavage is not an upstream signal for ICD phosphorylation. These data establish that the anti-adhesive functions of Trask are mediated entirely through its tyrosine phosphorylation. It remains to be defined what role, if any, the Trask ECD plays in its adhesion functions

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication

Etiopathological Evaluation of Swasa Roga in Relation to Anxiety

The modern era has seen significant changes in lifestyle that have disturbed people’s physical and emotional well- being. Ayurvedic classics state that unhealthy lifestyle (Apathya Aahar and Apathya Vihar) is the root cause of all the Vyadhis. Many people go through periods of Anxiety at various occasions of their lives. Although these periods of anxiety are not permanent, if the symptoms persist for a long time, it can cause damage to both mind and body. Health is considered as a state free from mental and physical disorders. Anxiety serves as a predisposing factor for disease such as respiratory diseases. In Ayurveda respiratory disorders are mentioned under the Swasa vyadhi. Swasa roga is Vata Kaphajanye vyadhi and its aggravation is directly related to the anxiety. In the Ayurvedic classics, none of the Acharya has given any clear description regarding the role of anxiety in aggravation of Swasa roga. The lack of data drives the need to define the pathophysiogenesis of Swasa roga with respect to Anxiety in order to understand the progression of Swasa roga in a better way

Knowledge, perceived need for education, and willingness to participate in bioterrorism preparedness among students in an indian dental institute: A questionnaire study

Objectives: An act of bioterrorism may compromise the local medical system and require whole of the healthcare workforce. The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge, perceived need for education, and willingness to participate in bioterrorism management among students in an Indian dental institute. Materials and Methods: A total of 231 dental students, including undergraduates and postgraduates, participated in this study conducted in the year 2014. Dental students' knowledge, perceived need, and willingness were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: More than 90% of both undergraduate and postgraduate students were willing to provide care during a bioterrorism attack. The actual knowledge was observed to be very low in both groups. Perceived knowledge as well as actual knowledge was statistically higher in the postgraduate group (P < 0.05). Most of the participants were of the opinion that they need more education regarding bioterrorism and that it should be added to dental curriculum. The majority of the participants showed willingness to attend continuing education programs on bioterrorism. Conclusions: The dental students demonstrated low knowledge but high willingness to provide care. A policy-driven approach to include bioterrorism management in dental education and organization of more continuing education programs is recommended to improve knowledge and develop necessary skills. This will help develop a workforce efficient in providing care during a possible act of bioterrorism

Studies on inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus oil on sebaceous glands for the management of acne

345-349Acne is the most common disorder virtually seen to affect teenagers and young adults between age of 14-30. It is characterized by inflamed specialized sebaceous follicles which are present at face, back and chest. Some serious factors responsible for generation of acne are abnormal follicular keratinization and desquamation, excessive secretion of sebum, and proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes in follicles. Other factors aggravating or worsening the acne conditions are secondary infections caused by some pathogenic strains of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, etc. There are various topical and systemic therapies available in market to treat or control the acne but maximum of them have the side effects like itching, redness, skin peeling, stinging and photosensitivity. Again, the development of resistance of available antibiotics for P. acne and other bacterial strains has necessitated the search for new antimicrobial agents. Thus, the current work was designed to gain attention towards the alternate pathway for controlling the acne condition by decreasing the production of sebum from sebaceous glands. The eucalyptus oil, obtained from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) was chosen and its biocide action on various bacterial strains was established using agar-well diffusion technique to prove its efficacy in controlling the secondary infection condition i.e. worsening of acnes. The in vivo rat sebaceous gland model was chosen to show the effectiveness of eucalyptus oil in decreasing the sebum production by reducing the size of sebaceous glands to control the spread of acne. The results were found to be promising for eucalyptus oil in controlling the sebum protection and thus establishing the other pathway for the management of acne

Ser. in Kumaun Himalaya

Alpine and subalpine regions of Kumaun Himalaya were surveyed qualitatively and quantitatively for the population study to determine the status of Aconitum ferox and A. heterophyllum. Low population density across the surveyed populations and restricted distribution to specific pockets indicates poor availability of the species in the study area. Illegal and over exploitation of these species pose threat to their existence. The present study clarifies the population structure of identified aconite species in Kumaun Himalaya. Observations reveal that on the basis of six attributes (that is habitat preference, distribution range, population size, use pattern, extraction trend, native and endemic species) used to assign threat categories, both the Aconitum species are endangered