Computer model calibration with large non-stationary spatial outputs: application to the calibration of a climate model

Bayesian calibration of computer models tunes unknown input parameters by comparing outputs with observations. For model outputs that are distributed over space, this becomes computationally expensive because of the output size. To overcome this challenge, we employ a basis representation of the model outputs and observations: we match these decompositions to carry out the calibration efficiently. In the second step, we incorporate the non-stationary behaviour, in terms of spatial variations of both variance and correlations, in the calibration. We insert two integrated nested Laplace approximation-stochastic partial differential equation parameters into the calibration. A synthetic example and a climate model illustration highlight the benefits of our approach

Fault modeling and parametric fault detection in analog VLSI circuits using discretization

In this article we describe new model for determination of fault in circuit and also we provide detailed analysis of tolerance of circuit, which is considered one of the important parameter while designing the circuit. We have done mathematical analysis to provide strong base for our model and also done simulation for the same. This article describes detailed analysis of parametric fault in analog VLSI circuit. The model is tested for different frequencies for compactness and its flexibility. The tolerance analysis is also done for this purpose. All the simulation are done in MATLAB software

Inner Preputial Flap as Tunica Albuginea Replacement in The Management of Previously

 Objectives: To assess the efficacy of an inner preputial skin flap as replacement for the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum after excision of fibrous plaque. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study we evaluated 5 men who presented with impotence, chordee, painful erection and/or painful coitus after previously undiagnosed or untreated penile fracture. In two patients soft tissue X-rays suggested calcification of the plaque, while ultrasonography revealed extension of fibrosis in four cases. In all patients the plaque was excised and the defect in the tunica albuginea was closed with an inner preputial pedicle skin flap. Results: The flaps had taken well in all cases at 3 months follow-up and all patients reported having normal sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for management of symptomatic fibrous plaques occurring in undiagnosed, untreated or conservatively managed penile fracture. A defect of more than 1.5 cm after excision of the plaque requires tunica replacement, and an inner preputial flap is a good replacement.Key Words:  Penile fracture, complications, fibrous plaque, tunica replacement, inner preputial flap, erectile dysfunctio

Propagation of Himalayan maple (Acer caesium Wall.) through seed and softwood cuttings

Propagation of Himalayan maple (Acer caesium Wall.) through seed and softwood cuttings was investigated to standardize nursery techniques for mass production of the species. The seedlings were raised from viable seeds in different containers filled with different combinations of growing media. Vegetative propagation of softwoodcuttings was carried out by treating with different combinations of IBA and Willow leachate of different durations. The statistical analysis revealed the differential behaviour of various nursery stocks with respect to survival, growth and biomass. The growing media soil:sand:vermicompost (2:1:2) and container (root trainer 300 cc) showed maximum germination (61.00%), seedlings height (35.17 cm), collar diameter (5.07 cm), shoot:root ratio (1.24) and survival percentage (76.33%). Conversely, the cuttings treated with IBA @ 8000 ppm showed maximum sprouting (74.50%), rooting (66.75%), length of longest root (14.65 cm), no. of roots per cutting (33.00%), shoot length (13.90 cm) and survival percentage (41.50%). Hence, the seeds of the species should be grown in Rot trainer of 300 cc having soil:sand:vermicompost (2:1:2) to get good quality planting materials. However, the softwood cuttings should be given treatments with IBA @ 8000 ppm for mass production of plants vegetatively

Data Hiding in Color Images: A High Capacity Data Hiding Technique for Covert Communication

A high capacity data hiding technique using color images as cover medium and referred to as 4R-4G-4B technique has been investigated and presented in this paper. The color image is firstly divided into its constituent bit planes followed by data embedding. To thwart the adversary different embedding algorithms have been used for embedding data in Red, Green and Blue planes. Additional layer of security to the embedded data is added by embedding secret data at the pseudorandom locations determined by Main Address Vector (MAV) and Complementary Address Vector (CAV). The comparison of our method with an existing technique shows that proposed technique is capable of providing better quality stego-images even if the embedded data is slightly more. A 2.7dB increase in PSNR in case of proposed technique substantiates the argument

Hall effects in Bose-Einstein condensates in a rotating optical lattice

Using the Kubo formalism, we demonstrate fractional quantum Hall features in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in a co-rotating two-dimensional optical lattice. The co-rotating lattice and trap potential allow for an effective magnetic field and compensation of the centrifugal potential. Fractional quantum Hall features are seen for the single-particle system and for few strongly interacting many-particle systems.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure