La Exposicion Iberoamericana en contexto

La presente Tesis Doctoral La Exposicion Iberoamericana (EIA) de Sevilla en contexto tiene como hilo conductor la arquitectura como manifestacion cultural de su epoca. De esta manera, el analisis arquitectonico de la EIA pondra de manifiesto, en primer lugar, la influencia de las Exposiciones Universales ensayadas durante el siglo XIX. Estos certamenes demostraron su capacidad de sintesis al encapsular los avances de cada paí­s, sin olvidar la plasmacion de la identidad nacional a traves de la arquitectura de sus pabellones. La EIA se basara en este modelo para sintetizar no ya los avances tecnologicos o coloniales de Espana y Latinoamerica, sino, por el contrario, las relaciones existentes entre ambas tras las independencias. En segundo lugar, y a traves del analisis de los pabellones de las distintas naciones sera posible discernir que imagen querian mostrar al otro, a Espana, a las otras republicas latinoamericanas, con su participacion en la EIA. La Plaza de America a traves de los estilos Neogotico, Neomudejar y Neoplateresco pondra de manifiesto la influencia de la corriente conservadora panhispanista, que proponia restablecer una suerte de neoimperialismo sobre las excolonias espanolas. Frente a este afan de superioridad cabe destacar como la mayoria de las republicas latinoamericanas prefirieron condensar su identidad en pabellones neobarrocos, en los que la arquitectura se relaciona con la corriente liberal del Panhispanoamericanismo. El mejor ejemplo de esta corriente esta representado en el pabellon de Argentina. Mexico, por su parte, pondra la nota discordante al establecer, con la arquitectura de su pabellon Neoindigena, la independencia total de Espana, y la relevancia de las culturas indigenas a la hora de conformar su identidad nacional. Disenado por Amabilis durante el gobierno de Calles, este pabellon esta inmerso en la corriente del Indigenismo que, a pesar de haberse desarrollado en toda America Latina, tuvo especial pujanza en Mexico. Por ultimo, en la arquitectura de la Plaza de Espana sera posible descubrir, en la eleccion de los estilos arquitectonicos, la necesidad de repensar una nueva identidad para Espana, que habia dejado de ser un imperio para convertirse en una nacion europea de segunda fila. De esta manera, en tercer y ultimo lugar, al analizar los pabellones de la EIA, sera posible comprender las distintas motivaciones que llevaron a los paises participantes a erigir un pabellon permanente en la capital hispalense: bien para fomentar las relaciones entre las naciones hispanas en aras de ser mas fuertes frente al imperialismo de los Estados Unidos; para redescubrir una identidad comun basada en la raza o en la lengua; para fortalecer las relaciones comerciales; o simplemente con la intencion de utilizar la arquitectura como propaganda politica, economica, o incluso turí­stica.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Enhanced anti-tumor immune responses and delay of tumor development in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 mice immunized with an immunostimulatory peptide in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles.

IntroductionCancer vaccines have the potential to induce curative anti-tumor immune responses and better adjuvants may improve vaccine efficacy. We have previously shown that Hp91, a peptide derived from the B box domain in high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), acts as a potent immune adjuvant.MethodIn this study, Hp91 was tested as part of a therapeutic vaccine against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.ResultsFree peptide did not significantly augment immune responses but, when delivered in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs), robust activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and increased activation of HER2-specific T cells was observed in vitro. Vaccination of HER2/neu transgenic mice, a mouse breast cancer model that closely mimics the immune modulation and tolerance in some breast cancer patients, with Hp91-loaded PLGA-NPs enhanced the activation of HER2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, delayed tumor development, and prolonged survival.ConclusionsTaken together these findings demonstrate that the delivery of the immunostimulatory peptide Hp91 inside PLGA-NPs enhances the potency of the peptide and efficacy of a breast cancer vaccine

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells receive RAF-dependent survival signals in response to CXCL12 that are sensitive to inhibition by sorafenib

The chemokine CXCL12, via its receptor CXCR4, promotes increased survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells that express high levels of ζ-chain–associated protein (ZAP-70), a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with aggressive disease. In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms governing this effect. Although significant differences in the expression or turnover of CXCR4 were not observed between ZAP-70+ and ZAP-70− cell samples, CXCL12 induced greater intracellular Ca2+ flux and stronger and more prolonged phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) in the ZAP-70+ CLL cells. The CXCL12-induced phosphorylation of ERK and MEK in ZAP-70+ CLL cells was blocked by sorafenib, a small molecule inhibitor of RAF. Furthermore, ZAP-70+ CLL cells were more sensitive than ZAP-70− CLL cells to the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib in vitro at concentrations that can readily be achieved in vivo. The data suggest that ZAP-70+ CLL cells may be more responsive to survival factors, like CXCL12, that are elaborated by the leukemia microenvironment, and this sensitivity could be exploited for the development of new treatments for patients with this disease. Moreover, sorafenib may have clinical activity for patients with CLL, particularly those with ZAP-70+ CLL

Neutron emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt {s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

In ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic nuclei without overlap of nuclear densities, the two nuclei are excited by the Lorentz-contracted Coulomb fields of their collision partners. In these UPCs, the typical nuclear excitation energy is below a few tens of MeV, and a small number of nucleons are emitted in electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of primary nuclei, in contrast to complete nuclear fragmentation in hadronic interactions. The cross sections of emission of given numbers of neutrons in UPCs of $^{208}$Pb nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$~TeV were measured with the neutron zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs) of the ALICE detector at the LHC, exploiting a similar technique to that used in previous studies performed at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$~TeV. In addition, the cross sections for the exclusive emission of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 forward neutrons in the EMD, not accompanied by the emission of forward protons, and thus mostly corresponding to the production of $^{207,206,205,204,203}$Pb, respectively, were measured for the first time. The predictions from the available models describe the measured cross sections well. These cross sections can be used for evaluating the impact of secondary nuclei on the LHC components, in particular, on superconducting magnets, and also provide useful input for the design of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh).In ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic nuclei without overlap of nuclear densities, the two nuclei are excited by the Lorentz-contracted Coulomb fields of their collision partners. In these UPCs, the typical nuclear excitation energy is below a few tens of MeV, and a small number of nucleons are emitted in electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of primary nuclei, in contrast to complete nuclear fragmentation in hadronic interactions. The cross sections of emission of given numbers of neutrons in UPCs of Pb208 nuclei at sNN=5.02 TeV were measured with the neutron zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs) of the ALICE detector at the LHC, exploiting a similar technique to that used in previous studies performed at sNN=2.76 TeV. In addition, the cross sections for the exclusive emission of one, two, three, four, and five forward neutrons in the EMD, not accompanied by the emission of forward protons, and thus mostly corresponding to the production of Pb207,206,205,204,203, respectively, were measured for the first time. The predictions from the available models describe the measured cross sections well. These cross sections can be used for evaluating the impact of secondary nuclei on the LHC components, in particular, on superconducting magnets, and also provide useful input for the design of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh).In ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic nuclei without overlap of nuclear densities, the two nuclei are excited by the Lorentz-contracted Coulomb fields of their collision partners. In these UPCs, the typical nuclear excitation energy is below a few tens of MeV, and a small number of nucleons are emitted in electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of primary nuclei, in contrast to complete nuclear fragmentation in hadronic interactions. The cross sections of emission of given numbers of neutrons in UPCs of $^{208}$Pb nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV were measured with the neutron zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs) of the ALICE detector at the LHC, exploiting a similar technique to that used in previous studies performed at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV. In addition, the cross sections for the exclusive emission of one, two, three, four, and five forward neutrons in the EMD, not accompanied by the emission of forward protons, and thus mostly corresponding to the production of $^{207,206,205,204,203}$Pb, respectively, were measured for the first time. The predictions from the available models describe the measured cross sections well. These cross sections can be used for evaluating the impact of secondary nuclei on the LHC components, in particular, on superconducting magnets, and also provide useful input for the design of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh)