53 research outputs found

    Wavefunction-based method for excited-state electron correlations in periodic systems - application to polymers

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    A systematic method for determining correlated wavefunctions of extended systems in the ground and excited states is presented. It allows to fully exploit the power of quantum-chemical programs designed for correlation calculations of finite molecules. Using localized Hartree-Fock (HF) orbitals (both occupied and virtual ones), an effective Hamiltonian which can easily be transferred from finite to infinite systems is built up. Correlation corrections to the matrix elements of the effective Hamiltonian are derived from clusters. To treat correlation effects, multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations with singly and doubly excited configurations (SD) are performed. This way one is able to generate both valence and conduction bands where all correlation effects in the excited states as well as in the ground state of the system are taken into account. An appropriate size-extensivity correction to the MRCI(SD) correlation energies is developed which takes into account the open-shell character of the excited states. This approach is applicable to a wide range of polymers and crystals. In the present work trans-polyacetylene is chosen as a test system. The corresponding band structure is obtained with the correlation of all electrons in the system being included on a high level of sophistication. The account of correlation effects leads to substantial shifts of the "center-of-mass" positions of the bands (valence bands are shifted upwards and conduction bands downwards) and a flattening of all bands compared to the corresponding HF band structure. Further an extention of the above approach to excitons (optical excitations) in crystals is developed which allows to use standard quantum-chemical methods to describe the electron-hole pairs and to finally obtain excitonic bands.Comment: 111 pages, 23 figures, Ph.D. Thesi

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· ізооксазоловмісних Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ

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    The synthesis of new isoxazole-containing arylcyclopentenyl sulfones is presented by the ring-closing metathesis reaction (RCM).Aim. To develop the preparative methods for the synthesis of new potential biologically active 3-aryl-5-[1-(aryl-4-sulfonyl)-cyclopent-3-enyl]isoxazoles obtained by RCM.Results and discussion. A number of new sulfones with an active methylene group was obtained by the interaction of bromo derivatives of isoxazoles with sodium salts of sulfinic acids. By alkylation of the active methylene group with allyl bromide a number of new diallyl derivatives was synthesized. The target isoxazolecontaining arylcyclopentenyl sulfones were synthesized from the diallyl derivatives obtained using the ruthenium-carbene catalyst.Experimental part. The synthesis of the starting and target compounds was performed under classical preparative conditions; the methods of column chromatography; elemental analysis; LCMS; 1H and 13C NMRspectroscopy were used.Conclusions. The synthetic sequence for preparation of new isooxazole-containing aryl cyclopentenyl sulfones has been developed using RCM at the final stage.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… изоксазолосодСрТащих Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»- ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°.ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² синтСза Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ биологичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 3-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-5-[1-(Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4-ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»)-Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚-3-Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»]изоксазолов с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… обсуТдСниС. ВзаимодСйствиСм 5-Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-3-арилизоксазолов с Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ солями Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² с Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ. АлкилированиСм ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ синтСзирован ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… синтСзированы Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ изоксазолосодСрТащиС Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹.Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· исходных ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний Π² классичСских ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях; ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ, элСмСнтного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, хроматомасс-спСктромСтрии, ЯМР 1Н ΠΈ 13Π‘-спСктроскопии.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ синтСтичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… изоксазолосодСрТащих Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² с использованиСм Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стадии Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM).НавСдСний синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ізооксазоловмісних Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–Π» ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ (RCM).ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ – Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² синтСзу Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… 3-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-5-[1-(Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4-ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π»)Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚-3-Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»]ізооксазолів Π·Π° допомогою Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ (RCM).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… обговорСння. Π’Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ 5-Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-3-арилізооксазолів Π· Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–Ρ”Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ солями Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… кислот ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Π· Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡŽ. Алкілуванням ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ–ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡ– Π°Π»Ρ–Π»Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌ синтСзовано ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ–Π°Π»Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ…. Π—Π° допомогою Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–ΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ– Π΄Ρ–Π°Π»Ρ–Π»ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ– Π½Π° Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Ρ– ізооксазоловмісні Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ.Π•ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° частина. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π° Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… сполук Ρƒ класичних ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ…, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ—, Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ, хроматомас-спСктромСтрії, ЯМР 1Н Ρ‚Π° 13Π‘-спСктроскопії.Висновки. Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ синтСтичний ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…Ρ–Π΄ Π΄ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ізооксазоловмісних Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Π· використанням Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π½Ρ–ΠΉ стадії Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ (RCM)

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4,4-ΡΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² рСакціями мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ

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    The present article describes the synthesis of new 4,4-spiroalkenic 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones by ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM). They may be potential biological active compounds since a great quantity of 1,2-diazoles show a wide spectrum of both biological and pharmacological activities, and therefore, they are successfully used in biology, medicine, veterinary medicine. The initial compounds for ring closing metathesis cyclization were synthesized by the corresponding hydrazobenzenes condensation with various allylmalonic acid derivatives, whereupon monoallylpyrazolidinediones obtained were alkylated by some halogenoalkenes to form unsaturated disubstituted 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione with subsequent ring-closing metathesis. The most appropriate catalyst for carrying out the aforementioned conversion appeared to be the ruthenium carbene Grubbs complex of the second generation used in the concentration not more than 3 mol.%. The yield of the metathesis products was 75-91%. The preliminary computer prognosis of the biological activity of the new spirocycloalkenic 1,2-diazoles by means of Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances programme has shown that the substances obtained with the high probability may be inhibitors of L-glutamate oxidase and testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+), nicotine 2alpha2beta receptor antagonists, as well as they can have the anti-inflammatory properties.Описан синтСз Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… 4,4-ΡΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ биологичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ количСство 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ» проявляСт ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ спСктр физиологичСской активности ΠΈ с успСхом ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ соСдинСния для Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ рСакциями мСтатСзиса Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ синтСзированы ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ кондСнсации соотвСтствСнных Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты, послС Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² нСнасыщСнныС Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² дальнСйшСм ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ рСакциям мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для провСдСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ конвСрсии оказался Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс Граббса Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ концСнтрация ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… %. Π’Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² мСтатСзиса составлял 75-91%. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· биологичСской активности с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ соСдинСния с высокой Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ тСстостСрон-17Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹ (НАДЀ+), антагонистами Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°2Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°2 Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ свойства.Описано синтСз Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4,4-ΡΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,2-Π΄Ρ–Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π², які ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ виступати Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук, ΠΎΡΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Π° ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 1,2-діазоловмісних структур проявляє ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ спСктр Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Ρ– Π· успіхом Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ—, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ–, Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Ρ–Ρ—. Π’ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ для Ρ†ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ синтСзовані ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½Ρ–Π² Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Ρ–Π»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— кислоти, після Ρ‡ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Ρ–Π»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π· Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½Ρ–Π»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ–Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ– Π½Π° нСнасичСні Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– 1,2-Π΄Ρ–Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, які ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ–ΠΌ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ рСакціям мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для провСдСння Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ— конвСрсії виявився Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–ΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ комплСкс Граббса Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ покоління, Π΄Ρ–Ρ”Π²Π° концСнтрація якого Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ‰ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… %. Π’ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² мСтатСзису складав 75-91%. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ`ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Π·Π° допомогою ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ– сполуки Π· високою ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ–Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ L-Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ оксидази, Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ тСстостСрон17Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·ΠΈ (НАДЀ+), антагоністами Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°2Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°2 Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– властивості

    Committing a Crime while Intoxicated: The Basis of Liability and Legal Regulation

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    Alcohol and drugs have been known for a long time, and their purpose has changed in the course of history. Being part of the global culture, they have come down to us. With the development of mankind, drugs were limited. This article attempts to analyzes the concept and types of intoxication. The authors also take into consideration the basis of criminal liability for committing a crime while intoxicated, as well as the role of intoxication in criminal law. This research was based on a dialectical approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes using general scientific (systematic and logical methods, analysis and synthesis) and specific scientific methods. In the end, It can be concluded that the state of intoxication can be included in the main corpus delict, used as a qualifying attribute, as well as circumstances aggravating liability. It is indicated that considering intoxication as an aggravating circumstance requires a connection between crime and intoxication

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… n,nΒ΄-Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… 5-спіроциклопСнтСн-3-Ρ–Π» 2,4,6 триоксогСксагідропіримідинів

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    The synthesis of new N, N`-disubtituted 5-spiro-2,4,6-trihydropyrimidinetriones by ring-closing metathesis reactions has been presented in this work. Starting compounds for obtaining of spirocycles (5,5-diallyl-1,1-dioxythiolanyl-2,4,6-trihydropyrimidinetriones) have been synthesized by two pathways, one of them is condensation of carbamides with malonic acid in the presence of dehydrating agents, whereas the other path consists in the condensation of dicyanodiamide with diallylcyanoacetic ester in the presence of sodium alkoxide, and the resulting products are subjected to alkylation with the following acid hydrolysis. It has been found that imidazolidine containing the isopropoxybenzylidene ruthenium complex is the most suitable for carrying out of ring-closing metathesis reactions since it has the high thermal stability; it allows to obtain the target products with a high yield due to carrying out these reactions at the higher temperatures. The preliminary computer prognosis of the biological activity of new 1,1-dioxythiolan derivatives with the help of PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) programme has shown that some of these compounds can be ATPase proteasome inhibitors. Moreover, new spirocyclopenten containing derivatives may be promissing as precursors for obtaining of biologically active substances.Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ прСдставлСн синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… N,NΒ΄-Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 5-спиро-Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½-3-ΠΈΠ» 2,4,6-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² рСакциями мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM). Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ вСщСства для получСния спироциклов (5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ 1,1-диоксотиоланил 2,4,6-тригидроксипиримидины) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ синтСзированы двумя путями – кондСнсациСй ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² с ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ кислотой Π² присутствии Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ срСдства ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ кондСнсациСй Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° с Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ цианоуксусным эфиром Π² присутствии алкоголята натрия с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ соСдинСния ΠΏΠΎ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΈ кислотным Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ для провСдСния Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ RCM являСтся имидазолийсодСрТащий изопропоксибСнзилидСновый комплСкс рутСния, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт с высокими Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ благодаря ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 70Β°Π‘ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· биологичСской активности Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… 1,1-диокситиолановых ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… спиропиримидинтрионов с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΡ‹ PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· этих вСщСств с высокой Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ АВЀазы протСасомы. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ спироциклопСнтСнилсодСрТащиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ 2,4,6-триоксогСксагидропиримидинов ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ пСрспСктивны Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² для получСния биологичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств.Π’ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– прСдставлСний синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… N,NΒ΄-Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… 5-спіроциклопСнтСн-3-Ρ–Π» 2,4,6-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² рСакціями мСтатСзису Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ (RCM). Π’ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ для одСрТання спіроциклів (5,5-Π΄Ρ–Π°Π»Ρ–Π»Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– 1,1-діоксотіоланіл 2,4,6-тригідроксипіримідини) Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ синтСзовано Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…Π°ΠΌΠΈ – ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π² Π· малоновою ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡŽ Π² присутності Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‡ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ засобу Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡ†Ρ–Π°Π½Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ Π· Π΄Ρ–Π°Π»Ρ–Π»Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎΠΎΡ†Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ СстСром Ρƒ присутності алкоголяту Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽ Π· подальшим алкілуванням ΡƒΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ— сполуки ΠΏΠΎ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° кислотним Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠΌ. ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΌ для провСдСння Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ RCM Ρ” імідазолійвмісний ізопропоксибСнзилідСновий комплСкс Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–ΡŽ, який проявляє високу Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‰ΠΎ дозволяє Π· високими Π²ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ завдяки ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π²ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π½Ρ–ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 70Β°Π‘ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ–. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβ€™ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 1,1-діоксотіоланових ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… спіропіримідинтріонів Π·Π° допомогою ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², Ρ‰ΠΎ дСякі Π· Ρ†ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Π· високою Π²Ρ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ АВЀази протСасоми. ΠšΡ€Ρ–ΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ– спіроциклопСнтСніловмісні ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ– 2,4,6-триоксогСксагідропіримідинів ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ пСрспСктивними Π² якості Π½Π°ΠΏΡ–Π²ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² для одСрТання Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½

    Electron-beam induced synthesis of nanostructures: a review

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    As the success of nanostructures grows in modern society so does the importance of our ability to control their synthesis in precise manners, often with atomic precision as this can directly affect the final properties of the nanostructures. Hence it is crucial to have both deep insight, ideally with real-time temporal resolution, and precise control during the fabrication of nanomaterials. Transmission electron microscopy offers these attributes potentially providing atomic resolution with near real time temporal resolution. In addition, one can fabricate nanostructures in situ in a TEM. This can be achieved with the use of environmental electron microscopes and/or specialized specimen holders. A rather simpler and rapidly growing approach is to take advantage of the imaging electron beam as a tool for in situ reactions. This is possible because there is a wealth of electron specimen interactions, which, when implemented under controlled conditions, enable different approaches to fabricate nanostructures. Moreover, when using the electron beam to drive reactions no specialized specimen holders or peripheral equipment is required. This review is dedicated to explore the body of work available on electron-beam induced synthesis techniques with in situ capabilities. Particular emphasis is placed on the electron beam-induced synthesis of nanostructures conducted inside a TEM, viz. the e-beam is the sole (or primary) agent triggering and driving the synthesis process

    Committing a Crime while Intoxicated: The Basis of Liability and Legal Regulation

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    This article attempts to analyzes the concept and types of intoxication. The authors also take into consideration the basis of criminal liability for committing a crime while intoxicated, as well as the role of intoxication in criminal la

    Salmonella-induced changes of the rat intestinal microbiota

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    The gut microbiome profoundly affects the body functioning: it participates in host protection against pathogenic microorganisms, metabolic events, inhibition of inflammatory responses, formation of innate and adaptive immune response in the intestinal mucosa. One of the causes altering microbiota community is due to antibiotics. Therefore, the processes of antibiotics interaction together with Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium with representatives of normal intestinal microflora are of particular interest. Materials and methods. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the wall microbiota composition in rats was evaluated by bacteriological method, the statistical data analysis was performed using the software StatSoft Statistica v.12. Results and discussion. Inoculation of vancomycin and S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium in groups II, III, IV resulted in quantitatively decreased E. coli level by 10-, 7- and 110-fold, respectively (p ≀ 0.05). The count of P. aeruginosa decreased markedly only in the group III (p ≀ 0.05). The count of Bacteroides spp. members was profoundly decreased by several thousand times (group II) as well as 70- and 87-fold (groups III and IV), respectively (p ≀ 0.05). The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium decreased by 861-, 6- and several thousand times (groups II, III, IV), respectively (p ≀ 0.05). The count of Proteus spp. markedly decreased in group II by 27-fold and rapidly increased in group IV (p ≀ 0.05). Group III revealed a sharp decline in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. by 847- and 150-fold, whereas in group II they were increased by 7- and 46-fold, respectively (p ≀ 0.05). The count of Staphylococcus spp. decreased by 10-fold only in group II. The level of Clostridium spp. decreased by several thousand times (group II) and by 5,500 times (group IV) (p ≀ 0.05). The count of Lactobacillus spp. decreased by several thousand times (group II). The count of Bifidobacterium spp. members significantly decreased by 10.9-fold and by several thousand times (groups III, IV). The level of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius profoundly decreased in all three study groups (p ≀ 0.05). The level of Salmonella spp. increased in group II by 49 times, but markedly increased in groups III and IV (p ≀ 0.05). Inoculation of Salmonella after vancomycin pretreatment caused dramatic change in the microbiota composition in groups V and VI, namely: increased count of E. coli by 65- and 105-fold, markedly increased level of P. aeruginosa in group V and VI β€” by 3-fold. In addition, these groups also showed decreased level of Bacteroides spp. by 9- and 10-fold (p ≀ 0.05). The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium decreased dramatically only in group V (p ≀ 0.05). The count of Proteus spp. decreased by 17 times in group V as well as in group VI (p ≀ 0.05). A sharp increase in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. members was observed in groups V and VI (p ≀ 0.05). However, representatives of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in groups V and VI decreased by 20 and 9 times, respectively (p ≀ 0.05). The count of Salmonella spp. decreased only in group V by 7 times (p ≀ 0,05). Inoculating experimental animals with B. fragilis conditioned with S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium and pretreated with vancomycin resulted in markedly decreased level of E. coli in group VII and VIII by 538 times (p ≀ 0.05). The count of P. aeruginosa in groups VII and VIII decreased profoundly, whereas level of Bacteroides spp. members was reciprocally increased (p ≀ 0.05). The level of Lactobacillus spp. decreased by 10.3 times only in group VI. The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium increased by 10 and 19 times in groups VII and VIII, respectively, whereas level of Proteus spp. decreased only in group VII by 322 times (p ≀ 0.05). In addition, a sharp decrease in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. members (p ≀ 0.05) was found in groups VII and VIII. The count of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Lactobacillus spp. members was markedly increased by 7-, 12-, several thousand-fold and 40 times (groups VII and VIII, respectively) (p ≀ 0.05). The count of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium in groups VII and VIII decreased rapidly (p ≀ 0.05). Conclusion. Inoculation of B. fragilis can be used in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases or disorders with impaired gut barrier function

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4,4-ΡΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² рСакціями мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ

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    The present article describes the synthesis of new 4,4-spiroalkenic 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones by ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM). They may be potential biological active compounds since a great quantity of 1,2-diazoles show a wide spectrum of both biological and pharmacological activities, and therefore, they are successfully used in biology, medicine, veterinary medicine. The initial compounds for ring closing metathesis cyclization were synthesized by the corresponding hydrazobenzenes condensation with various allylmalonic acid derivatives, whereupon monoallylpyrazolidinediones obtained were alkylated by some halogenoalkenes to form unsaturated disubstituted 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione with subsequent ring-closing metathesis. The most appropriate catalyst for carrying out the aforementioned conversion appeared to be the ruthenium carbene Grubbs complex of the second generation used in the concentration not more than 3 mol.%. The yield of the metathesis products was 75-91%. The preliminary computer prognosis of the biological activity of the new spirocycloalkenic 1,2-diazoles by means of Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances programme has shown that the substances obtained with the high probability may be inhibitors of L-glutamate oxidase and testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+), nicotine 2alpha2beta receptor antagonists, as well as they can have the anti-inflammatory properties.Описан синтСз Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… 4,4-ΡΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ биологичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ количСство 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ» проявляСт ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ спСктр физиологичСской активности ΠΈ с успСхом ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ соСдинСния для Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ рСакциями мСтатСзиса Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ синтСзированы ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ кондСнсации соотвСтствСнных Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты, послС Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² нСнасыщСнныС Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² дальнСйшСм ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ рСакциям мСтатСзиса с Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для провСдСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ конвСрсии оказался Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс Граббса Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ концСнтрация ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… %. Π’Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² мСтатСзиса составлял 75-91%. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· биологичСской активности с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ соСдинСния с высокой Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ тСстостСрон-17Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹ (НАДЀ+), антагонистами Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°2Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°2 Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ свойства.Описано синтСз Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4,4-ΡΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,2-Π΄Ρ–Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π², які ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ виступати Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук, ΠΎΡΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Π° ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 1,2-діазоловмісних структур проявляє ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ спСктр Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Ρ– Π· успіхом Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ—, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ–, Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Ρ–Ρ—. Π’ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ для Ρ†ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ синтСзовані ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½Ρ–Π² Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Ρ–Π»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— кислоти, після Ρ‡ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Ρ–Π»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π· Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½Ρ–Π»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ–Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ– Π½Π° нСнасичСні Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– 1,2-Π΄Ρ–Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, які ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ–ΠΌ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ рСакціям мСтатСзису Ρ–Π· закриттям Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для провСдСння Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ— конвСрсії виявився Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ–ΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ комплСкс Граббса Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ покоління, Π΄Ρ–Ρ”Π²Π° концСнтрація якого Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ‰ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… %. Π’ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² мСтатСзису складав 75-91%. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ`ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Π·Π° допомогою ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ– сполуки Π· високою ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ–Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ L-Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ оксидази, Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ тСстостСрон17Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·ΠΈ (НАДЀ+), антагоністами Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°2Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°2 Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– властивості

    HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE AS IMPORTANT ATTRACTIONS IN SCANDINAVIA

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    Π‘Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΉ, Π’. Π’. Π†Π‘Π’ΠžΠ Π˜ΠšΠž-ΠšΠ£Π›Π¬Π’Π£Π ΠΠ Π‘ΠŸΠΠ”Π©Π˜ΠΠ ЯК Π’ΠΠ–Π›Π˜Π’Π ΠΠ’Π ΠΠšΠ¦Π†Π― ΠšΠ ΠΠ‡Π Π‘ΠšΠΠΠ”Π˜ΠΠΠ’Π†Π‡ /Π’. Π’. // Науковий вісник Π₯Π΅Ρ€ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унівСрситСту. БСрія : Π“Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ. – Π₯Срсон, 2017. – β„– 6. – Π‘. 173-179.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π΅Π½ΡŒ сучасного туристичного ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²Ρ–Ρ— Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ– Ρ—Ρ… історико-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ… туристичних рСсурсів. З’ясовано, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΡŒΠΊΡ– ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ– Π½Π΅ лишС Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами, Π° ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡ– моТливості для Ρ€ΠΎΠ·- Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‚ історико-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ–Π·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ–Π² Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ соврСмСнного туристичСского ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° стран Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ΠΈΡ… историко-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… туристичСских рСсурсов. ВыявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ скандинавскиС страны обСспСчСны Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ извСстными ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ возмоТности для развития историко-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. The level of modern tourism potential of Scandinavian countries on the example of their historical and cultural tourism resources was analysed. It was found that Scandinavian countries are provided not only with outstanding natural recreational resources, but also have great opportunities for development of their historical, cultural and educational types of tourism
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