53 research outputs found
Wavefunction-based method for excited-state electron correlations in periodic systems - application to polymers
A systematic method for determining correlated wavefunctions of extended
systems in the ground and excited states is presented. It allows to fully
exploit the power of quantum-chemical programs designed for correlation
calculations of finite molecules. Using localized Hartree-Fock (HF) orbitals
(both occupied and virtual ones), an effective Hamiltonian which can easily be
transferred from finite to infinite systems is built up. Correlation
corrections to the matrix elements of the effective Hamiltonian are derived
from clusters. To treat correlation effects, multireference configuration
interaction (MRCI) calculations with singly and doubly excited configurations
(SD) are performed. This way one is able to generate both valence and
conduction bands where all correlation effects in the excited states as well as
in the ground state of the system are taken into account. An appropriate
size-extensivity correction to the MRCI(SD) correlation energies is developed
which takes into account the open-shell character of the excited states. This
approach is applicable to a wide range of polymers and crystals. In the present
work trans-polyacetylene is chosen as a test system. The corresponding band
structure is obtained with the correlation of all electrons in the system being
included on a high level of sophistication. The account of correlation effects
leads to substantial shifts of the "center-of-mass" positions of the bands
(valence bands are shifted upwards and conduction bands downwards) and a
flattening of all bands compared to the corresponding HF band structure.
Further an extention of the above approach to excitons (optical excitations) in
crystals is developed which allows to use standard quantum-chemical methods to
describe the electron-hole pairs and to finally obtain excitonic bands.Comment: 111 pages, 23 figures, Ph.D. Thesi
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ
The synthesis of new isoxazole-containing arylcyclopentenyl sulfones is presented by the ring-closing metathesis reaction (RCM).Aim. To develop the preparative methods for the synthesis of new potential biologically active 3-aryl-5-[1-(aryl-4-sulfonyl)-cyclopent-3-enyl]isoxazoles obtained by RCM.Results and discussion. A number of new sulfones with an active methylene group was obtained by the interaction of bromo derivatives of isoxazoles with sodium salts of sulfinic acids. By alkylation of the active methylene group with allyl bromide a number of new diallyl derivatives was synthesized. The target isoxazolecontaining arylcyclopentenyl sulfones were synthesized from the diallyl derivatives obtained using the ruthenium-carbene catalyst.Experimental part. The synthesis of the starting and target compounds was performed under classical preparative conditions; the methods of column chromatography; elemental analysis; LCMS; 1H and 13C NMRspectroscopy were used.Conclusions. The synthetic sequence for preparation of new isooxazole-containing aryl cyclopentenyl sulfones has been developed using RCM at the final stage.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»- ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
3-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-5-[1-(Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-4-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»)-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ-3-Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»]ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 5-Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-3-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
; ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π―ΠΠ 1Π ΠΈ 13Π‘-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM).ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ» ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ (RCM).ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
3-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-5-[1-(Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-4-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»)ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ-3-Π΅Π½ΡΠ»]ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ (RCM).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ 5-Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-3-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² Π· Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π· Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ»Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
. ΠΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, Π―ΠΠ 1Π ΡΠ° 13Π‘-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ (RCM)
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ 4,4-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ
The present article describes the synthesis of new 4,4-spiroalkenic 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones by ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM). They may be potential biological active compounds since a great quantity of 1,2-diazoles show a wide spectrum of both biological and pharmacological activities, and therefore, they are successfully used in biology, medicine, veterinary medicine. The initial compounds for ring closing metathesis cyclization were synthesized by the corresponding hydrazobenzenes condensation with various allylmalonic acid derivatives, whereupon monoallylpyrazolidinediones obtained were alkylated by some halogenoalkenes to form unsaturated disubstituted 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione with subsequent ring-closing metathesis. The most appropriate catalyst for carrying out the aforementioned conversion appeared to be the ruthenium carbene Grubbs complex of the second generation used in the concentration not more than 3 mol.%. The yield of the metathesis products was 75-91%. The preliminary computer prognosis of the biological activity of the new spirocycloalkenic 1,2-diazoles by means of Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances programme has shown that the substances obtained with the high probability may be inhibitors of L-glutamate oxidase and testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+), nicotine 2alpha2beta receptor antagonists, as well as they can have the anti-inflammatory properties.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
4,4-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ°Π±Π±ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
%. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» 75-91%. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½-17Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ (ΠΠΠΠ€+), Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°2Π±Π΅ΡΠ°2 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
4,4-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
1,2-Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ 1,2-Π΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π· ΡΡΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ² Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π· Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 1,2-Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ°Π±Π±ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
%. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π² 75-91%. ΠΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ`ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ L-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΈ, ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½17Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·ΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ€+), Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°2Π±Π΅ΡΠ°2 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ
Committing a Crime while Intoxicated: The Basis of Liability and Legal Regulation
Alcohol and drugs have been known for a long time, and their purpose has changed in the course of history. Being part of the global culture, they have come down to us. With the development of mankind, drugs were limited. This article attempts to analyzes the concept and types of intoxication. The authors also take into consideration the basis of criminal liability for committing a crime while intoxicated, as well as the role of intoxication in criminal law. This research was based on a dialectical approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes using general scientific (systematic and logical methods, analysis and synthesis) and specific scientific methods. In the end, It can be concluded that the state of intoxication can be included in the main corpus delict, used as a qualifying attribute, as well as circumstances aggravating liability. It is indicated that considering intoxication as an aggravating circumstance requires a connection between crime and intoxication
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ n,nΒ΄-Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 5-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½-3-ΡΠ» 2,4,6 ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ²
The synthesis of new N, N`-disubtituted 5-spiro-2,4,6-trihydropyrimidinetriones by ring-closing metathesis reactions has been presented in this work. Starting compounds for obtaining of spirocycles (5,5-diallyl-1,1-dioxythiolanyl-2,4,6-trihydropyrimidinetriones) have been synthesized by two pathways, one of them is condensation of carbamides with malonic acid in the presence of dehydrating agents, whereas the other path consists in the condensation of dicyanodiamide with diallylcyanoacetic ester in the presence of sodium alkoxide, and the resulting products are subjected to alkylation with the following acid hydrolysis. It has been found that imidazolidine containing the isopropoxybenzylidene ruthenium complex is the most suitable for carrying out of ring-closing metathesis reactions since it has the high thermal stability; it allows to obtain the target products with a high yield due to carrying out these reactions at the higher temperatures. The preliminary computer prognosis of the biological activity of new 1,1-dioxythiolan derivatives with the help of PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) programme has shown that some of these compounds can be ATPase proteasome inhibitors. Moreover, new spirocyclopenten containing derivatives may be promissing as precursors for obtaining of biologically active substances.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
N,NΒ΄-Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
5-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½-3-ΠΈΠ» 2,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM). ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² (5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ 1,1-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ» 2,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ β ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ RCM ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 70Β°Π‘ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
1,1-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΡ PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ’Π€Π°Π·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ 2,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ².Π ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
N,NΒ΄-Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
5-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½-3-ΡΠ» 2,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ Π· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ (RCM). ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΠ² (5,5-Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 1,1-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ» 2,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΈ β ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π· ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Ρ Π· Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ RCM Ρ ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΉΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 70Β°Π‘ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
1,1-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π· ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ’Π€Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ 2,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½
Electron-beam induced synthesis of nanostructures: a review
As the success of nanostructures grows in modern society so does the importance of our ability to control their synthesis in precise manners, often with atomic precision as this can directly affect the final properties of the nanostructures. Hence it is crucial to have both deep insight, ideally with real-time temporal resolution, and precise control during the fabrication of nanomaterials. Transmission electron microscopy offers these attributes potentially providing atomic resolution with near real time temporal resolution. In addition, one can fabricate nanostructures in situ in a TEM. This can be achieved with the use of environmental electron microscopes and/or specialized specimen holders. A rather simpler and rapidly growing approach is to take advantage of the imaging electron beam as a tool for in situ reactions. This is possible because there is a wealth of electron specimen interactions, which, when implemented under controlled conditions, enable different approaches to fabricate nanostructures. Moreover, when using the electron beam to drive reactions no specialized specimen holders or peripheral equipment is required. This review is dedicated to explore the body of work available on electron-beam induced synthesis techniques with in situ capabilities. Particular emphasis is placed on the electron beam-induced synthesis of nanostructures conducted inside a TEM, viz. the e-beam is the sole (or primary) agent triggering and driving the synthesis process
Committing a Crime while Intoxicated: The Basis of Liability and Legal Regulation
This article attempts to analyzes the concept and types of intoxication. The authors also take into consideration the basis of criminal liability for committing a crime while intoxicated, as well as the role of intoxication in criminal la
Salmonella-induced changes of the rat intestinal microbiota
The gut microbiome profoundly affects the body functioning: it participates in host protection against pathogenic microorganisms, metabolic events, inhibition of inflammatory responses, formation of innate and adaptive immune response in the intestinal mucosa. One of the causes altering microbiota community is due to antibiotics. Therefore, the processes of antibiotics interaction together with Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium with representatives of normal intestinal microflora are of particular interest. Materials and methods. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the wall microbiota composition in rats was evaluated by bacteriological method, the statistical data analysis was performed using the software StatSoft Statistica v.12. Results and discussion. Inoculation of vancomycin and S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium in groups II, III, IV resulted in quantitatively decreased E. coli level by 10-, 7- and 110-fold, respectively (p β€ 0.05). The count of P. aeruginosa decreased markedly only in the group III (p β€ 0.05). The count of Bacteroides spp. members was profoundly decreased by several thousand times (group II) as well as 70- and 87-fold (groups III and IV), respectively (p β€ 0.05). The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium decreased by 861-, 6- and several thousand times (groups II, III, IV), respectively (p β€ 0.05). The count of Proteus spp. markedly decreased in group II by 27-fold and rapidly increased in group IV (p β€ 0.05). Group III revealed a sharp decline in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. by 847- and 150-fold, whereas in group II they were increased by 7- and 46-fold, respectively (p β€ 0.05). The count of Staphylococcus spp. decreased by 10-fold only in group II. The level of Clostridium spp. decreased by several thousand times (group II) and by 5,500 times (group IV) (p β€ 0.05). The count of Lactobacillus spp. decreased by several thousand times (group II). The count of Bifidobacterium spp. members significantly decreased by 10.9-fold and by several thousand times (groups III, IV). The level of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius profoundly decreased in all three study groups (p β€ 0.05). The level of Salmonella spp. increased in group II by 49 times, but markedly increased in groups III and IV (p β€ 0.05). Inoculation of Salmonella after vancomycin pretreatment caused dramatic change in the microbiota composition in groups V and VI, namely: increased count of E. coli by 65- and 105-fold, markedly increased level of P. aeruginosa in group V and VI β by 3-fold. In addition, these groups also showed decreased level of Bacteroides spp. by 9- and 10-fold (p β€ 0.05). The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium decreased dramatically only in group V (p β€ 0.05). The count of Proteus spp. decreased by 17 times in group V as well as in group VI (p β€ 0.05). A sharp increase in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. members was observed in groups V and VI (p β€ 0.05). However, representatives of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in groups V and VI decreased by 20 and 9 times, respectively (p β€ 0.05). The count of Salmonella spp. decreased only in group V by 7 times (p β€ 0,05). Inoculating experimental animals with B. fragilis conditioned with S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium and pretreated with vancomycin resulted in markedly decreased level of E. coli in group VII and VIII by 538 times (p β€ 0.05). The count of P. aeruginosa in groups VII and VIII decreased profoundly, whereas level of Bacteroides spp. members was reciprocally increased (p β€ 0.05). The level of Lactobacillus spp. decreased by 10.3 times only in group VI. The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium increased by 10 and 19 times in groups VII and VIII, respectively, whereas level of Proteus spp. decreased only in group VII by 322 times (p β€ 0.05). In addition, a sharp decrease in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. members (p β€ 0.05) was found in groups VII and VIII. The count of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Lactobacillus spp. members was markedly increased by 7-, 12-, several thousand-fold and 40 times (groups VII and VIII, respectively) (p β€ 0.05). The count of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium in groups VII and VIII decreased rapidly (p β€ 0.05). Conclusion. Inoculation of B. fragilis can be used in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases or disorders with impaired gut barrier function
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ 4,4-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ
The present article describes the synthesis of new 4,4-spiroalkenic 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones by ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM). They may be potential biological active compounds since a great quantity of 1,2-diazoles show a wide spectrum of both biological and pharmacological activities, and therefore, they are successfully used in biology, medicine, veterinary medicine. The initial compounds for ring closing metathesis cyclization were synthesized by the corresponding hydrazobenzenes condensation with various allylmalonic acid derivatives, whereupon monoallylpyrazolidinediones obtained were alkylated by some halogenoalkenes to form unsaturated disubstituted 1,2-diarylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione with subsequent ring-closing metathesis. The most appropriate catalyst for carrying out the aforementioned conversion appeared to be the ruthenium carbene Grubbs complex of the second generation used in the concentration not more than 3 mol.%. The yield of the metathesis products was 75-91%. The preliminary computer prognosis of the biological activity of the new spirocycloalkenic 1,2-diazoles by means of Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances programme has shown that the substances obtained with the high probability may be inhibitors of L-glutamate oxidase and testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+), nicotine 2alpha2beta receptor antagonists, as well as they can have the anti-inflammatory properties.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
4,4-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ 1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ°Π±Π±ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
%. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» 75-91%. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½-17Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ (ΠΠΠΠ€+), Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°2Π±Π΅ΡΠ°2 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ (RCM) Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
4,4-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
1,2-Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ 1,2-Π΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π· ΡΡΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ² Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π· Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 1,2-Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ°Π±Π±ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° 3 ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
%. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π² 75-91%. ΠΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ`ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ L-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΈ, ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½17Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·ΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ€+), Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°2Π±Π΅ΡΠ°2 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE AS IMPORTANT ATTRACTIONS IN SCANDINAVIA
ΠΠ΅Π·ΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π. ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ-ΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π’Π£Π ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ©ΠΠΠ Π―Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ /Π. Π. // ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π‘Π΅ΡΡΡ : ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ. β Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½, 2017. β β 6. β Π‘. 173-179.ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ². ΠβΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅
Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·-
Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. The level of modern tourism potential of Scandinavian countries on the example of their historical and cultural tourism resources was analysed. It was found that Scandinavian countries are provided not only with outstanding natural recreational resources, but also have great opportunities for development
of their historical, cultural and educational types of tourism
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