Desenvolvimento de nanoblenda magnética a base de ácidos clorogênico e labdânico

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociência e Nanobiotecnologia, 2015.Este estudo investiga a síntese e caracterização de nanoblendas magnéticas a base de Poli (ácido clorogênico) e Poli (ácido labdânico) obtidos do extrato de folhas de Cecropia obtusa e de Leonotis nepetifolia. Para obtenção da nanoblenda magnética, primeiramente, realizou-se a síntese das nanopartículas magnéticas de magnetitas pelo método de coprecipitação, extração alcoólica e polimerização dos ácidos graxos extraídos das folhas por meio de tratamento térmico e ainda a complexação das nanopartículas com os biopolímeros sintetizados. A caracterização foi realizada usando as seguintes técnicas: difração de raios X; microscopia eletrônica de transmissão; microscopia eletrônica de varredura; espectroscopia ultravioleta e visível; espectroscopia infravermelho próximo; espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier. Os resultados obtidos permitem descrever os parâmetros físico químicos, sugerindo a obtenção de uma nanoestrutura com características hibridas e parâmetros magnético-ópticos detectáveis como: identificação dos planos cristalinos, forma e diâmetro médio das nanopartículas, espectros de absorção, energia e reflexão dos grupos moleculares dos biopolímeros e da nanoblenda. Acredita-se que o prosseguimento dos estudos para a cerca das propriedades dessa nanoblenda permitirão identificar aplicações em diversas áreas como, por exemplo: medicina, nanotecnologia, entre outros.This study investigates the synthesis and the characterization of the magnetic nanoblends constituted of Poly (Chlorogenic acid) and poly (Labdânico acid) obtained from leaves extract of Cecropia obtusa and Leonotis nepetifolia. To obtain the magnetic nanoblenda, at first, there is the synthesis of the magnetic nanoparticles of magnetite using the coprecipitation process, the alcohol extraction and polymerization of fatty acid extracted from leaves by the heat treatment, also the complexation of nanoparticles with synthesized biopolymers. The characterization was made using the following techniques: X-ray diffraction; transmission electron microscopy; scanning electron microscopy; UV and visible spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy next; Infrared spectroscopy per Fourier transform. The results obtained allow to describe the physical and chemical parameters, suggesting the obtaining a hybrid nanostructure with characteristics and magnetic optical parameters detectable such as: identification of crystal planes, shape, and average diameter of the nanoparticles, absorption spectra, reflection energy and the molecular groups of the biopolymer and nanoblends. It is believed that the continuation of scientific studies about some of the properties of nanoblends will identify applications in several areas as, for example: medicine, nanotechnology, among others

Desenvolvimento de um nanocompósito a base de cobalto, silício e telúrio “Co8(Si4O12)2Te12”

Tese (Doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociência e Nanobiotecnologia, 2020.O presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma matriz de nanocompósito a base Cobalto complexada com átomos de Silício e Telúrio. A matriz complexada foi obtida por meio do processo de síntese por combustão em solução (SCS) assistida por micro-onda. Foram aplicadas diferentes metodologias de preparo para construir diferentes amostras de nanocompósito. Através do arranjo estequiométrico moleculares dos elementos foram realizadas a variação na composição do catalisador uréia em relação a quantidade de Co, Si e Te. Foi feito tratamento térmico por calcinação em algumas amostras da matriz de nanocompósito. As técnicas de caracterização utilizadas foram a Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET) para medir o diâmetro médio e a polidispersão e morfologia das nanopartícula da matriz do nanocompósito. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) para identificar a forma da estrutura da matriz do nanocompósito. A Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios X (EDS) para identificar e medir a porcentagem de cada elemento químico presente na matriz do nanocompósito. A Difração de Raios-X (DRX) para identificar a estrutura, medir os parâmetros de rede, a fase e o arranjo espacial da matriz de CoxSiyTez. A Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA-DTG) para medir o comportamento da matriz do nanocompósito ao estresse térmico. A Espectroscopia no Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) para identificar a distribuição de elementos químicos na cobertura da matriz do nanocompósito. A Espectroscopia Ultravioleta e Visível (UV-VIS) para medir a banda de gap de energia da matriz do nanocompósito. As Medidas Magnéticas de Magnetização e Susceptibilidade magnética que contribuíram identificar e medir a resposta da matriz no campo magnético. A investigação das matrizes de nanocompósito que foram desenvolvidas e estudadas, conduziram a criação de uma nova estrutura de nanocompósito na forma monoclínica Co8(Si4O12)2Te12.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).The present study aimed to develop a Cobalt based nanocomposite matrix complexed with Silicon and Tellurium atoms. The complexed matrix was obtained through the combustion synthesis process in solution (SCS) assisted by microwave. Different preparation methodologies were applied to build different nanocomposite samples. Through the molecular stoichiometric arrangement of the elements the variation in the composition of the urea catalyst in relation to the amount of Co, Si and Te. Heat treatment was carried out by calcination on some samples of the nanocomposite matrix. The characterization techniques used were Transmission Electron Microscopy (MET) to measure the average diameter and the polydispersity and morphology of the nanoparticles of the nanocomposite matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the shape of the nanocomposite matrix structure. X-ray Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS) to identify and measure the percentage of each chemical element present in the nanocomposite matrix. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify the structure, measure the network parameters, the phase and the spatial arrangement of the matrix of CoxSiyTez. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA-DTG) to measure the behavior of the nanocomposite matrix to thermal stress. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the distribution of chemical elements in the nanocomposite matrix coverage. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) to measure the energy gap band of the nanocomposite matrix. The Magnetic Measurements of Magnetization and Magnetic Susceptibility that contributed to identify and measure the response of the matrix in the magnetic field. The investigation of the nanocomposite matrices that were developed and studied, led to the creation of a new nanocomposite structure in monoclinic form Co8(Si4O12)2Te12

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Neurofibromatosis: part 2 – clinical management

Part 1 of this guideline addressed the differential diagnosis of the neurofibromatoses (NF): neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SCH). NF shares some features such as the genetic origin of the neural tumors and cutaneous manifestations, and affects nearly 80 thousand Brazilians. Increasing scientific knowledge on NF has allowed better clinical management and reduced rate of complications and morbidity, resulting in higher quality of life for NF patients. Most medical doctors are able to perform NF diagnosis, but the wide range of clinical manifestations and the inability to predict the onset or severity of new features, consequences, or complications make NF management a real clinical challenge, requiring the support of different specialists for proper treatment and genetic counseling, especially in NF2 and SCH. The present text suggests guidelines for the clinical management of NF, with emphasis on NF1

A síntese imperfeita: articulação entre política externa e política de defesa na era Cardoso

Esse artigo tem por objetivo gerar hipóteses sobre a articulação entre política externa e política de defesa na gestão Cardoso. Partiu-se de estudo de caso sobre a formulação da Política de Defesa Nacional (PDN) e as conseqüências dessa para a institucionalização do Ministério da Defesa (MD). Constatou-se a baixa prioridade atribuída pela diplomacia ao poder militar como ferramenta de política externa. Finalmente, explicitou-se a inexistência de mecanismos efetivos de articulação.<br>This article has the objective of producing hypotheses on the articulation between foreign and defense policies during President's Cardoso administration. Initially, a case study on the formulation of the National Defense Policy Document (PDN) and its consequences to the institutionalization of the Defense Ministry (MD) was conducted. The low priority Brazilian diplomacy attributes to military power as a foreign policy tool was established. Finally, the lack of effective articulation mechanisms between foreign and defense policies was stressed

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data