IMPLICATIONS OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS OF SOYBEAN VARIETY BRS VALUABLE RR

RESUMO: A utilização de sementes de boa qualidade sanitária no plantio é um fator de fundamental importância para o estabelecimento da lavoura, uma vez que a sementes pode servir como fonte de inoculo. Com o presente trabalho se objetivou identificar os principais fungos associados às sementes de soja transgênica variedade BRS Valiosa RR. A análise sanitária foi conduzida no Laboratório de Fitopatologia do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Imperatriz da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, utilizando-se o “blotter test” de acordo com as Regras para analise de Sementes, do Ministério da Agricultura. As sementes foram incubadas em condições de fotoperíodo por sete dias, com incidência de luz branca fluorescente num intervalo de 12 horas de luz e 12 horas de escuro, à temperatura de aproximadamente 26±5 0C, durante sete dias. Após esse período as sementes foram examinadas individualmente, sob microscópio estereoscópico e óptico e os resultados foram expressos em percentagem de incidência de fungos. Foram identificados cinco gêneros de fungos: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rizopus sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium semitectum, Penicillium sp. Os quais podem afetar o desenvolvimento de plântulas no campo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: patógenos, sanidade, qualidade.ABSTRACT: The use of good quality seeds to plant health is a factor of considerable importance for the establishment of the crop, since the seed is directly associated with the transmission of pathogens in culture. The present work is aimed to identify the fungi associated with seeds of transgenic soybean variety BRS Valuable RR. Health Analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Phytopathology, Centre for Advanced Studies at the University of Imperatriz, Maranhão State, using the “blotter test” in accordance with the Rules for Seed Testing, Ministry of Agriculture.  The seeds were incubated in photoperiod for seven days, with an incidence of whitefluorescent light at an interval of 12 hours light and 12 hours of darkness at a temperature of approximately 26 ± 5 0C for seven days. After this period the seedswere examined individually under a stereomicroscope and optical and results were expressed as a percentage incidence of fungi. We identified five genera of fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rizopus sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium emitectum, Penicillium sp. This may affect the development of seedlings in the field.   KEY-WORDS: pathogens, quality, sanity

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease