Composting model with the reuse of organic waste in rural schools

School institutions become producers of organic waste as a result of the daily consumption of school meals offered to students during the school year. An alternative, so that this material is not incorrectly released into the environment, is the implementation of a composting model that will reuse organic waste, generating humus, which will serve as fertilizer for the implementation of a vegetable garden in the school in the rural area. This work aims to propose a composter model in a School in the Rural Area of Manaus for the reuse of organic waste, to develop a prototype of composter for the production of humic substances and mineral nutrients for the creation of gardens, to prepare the manual with guidelines for the correct and sustainable management of the composting plant and the school garden and implementing the garden system through the composting process using school organic waste. The work is a case study that proposes to implement a prototype of compost for the production of humic substances and mineral nutrients for the construction of a school garden. It is intended that the proposal raises the awareness of the school community for the correct management and reuse of solid waste generated by the school and arouse in students and teachers the interest in environmental education and behavior change for the preservation of the environment in which they live

Use of high- and low-intensity lasers in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity : a literature review

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is defined as an exaggerated sensitivity of vital dentin exposed to thermal, chemical and tactile stimuli. This study aimed to evaluate, through a literature review, the applicability of high- and low-intensity lasers in the

Análise das vantagens e desvantagens do uso de medicações naturais

RESUMO: As plantas são usadas para o tratamento de enfermidades desde as primeiras civilizações. Mas a grande questão é: o uso dessas substâncias naturais para procedimentos de cura é sempre benéfico? A partir desse questionamento, essa mini revisão de literatura tem como objetivo avaliar os riscos e benefícios do uso de medicamentos de origem natural. Os cinco artigos selecionados para uso nessa mini revisão passaram por um processo de seleção, incluindo os ensaios clínicos, publicados em um periódico com qualis A3 ou superior, relacionados ao tema e publicados entre os anos 2016-2020 e excluindo os que não apresentaram uma conclusão da pesquisa e são classificados como revisão de literatura. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso das plantas para o tratamento de doenças é fundamental em muitas sociedades, além de ser parte da sua cultura, porém mostram também que quando esses medicamentos naturais não são utilizados de forma consciente, se tornam extremamente perigosos. Através dos artigos analisados, pode-se concluirque o uso de medicamentos naturais tem diversos benefícios, mas esse uso deve sempre ser acompanhado de um profissional qualificado para que não cause malefícios

Effect edible antimicrobial coating in the white blush and anaerobic psychrotrophs baby carrots

[POR] Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade visual e microbiológica de minicenouras submetidas a diferentes concentrações de amido de milho em suspensão utilizado para revestimento comestível. Cenouras cv. Esplanada colhidas aos 90 dias, minimamente processadas na forma de minicenouras, foram imersas em suspensão contendo 2, 3 ou 4% de amido de milho; 1,5 % de quitosana, 2 % de glicerol e 0,4 % de ácido acético glacial e mantidas sob ventilação. Minicenouras não imersas em suspensão, serviram de controle. Em seguida, as minicenouras foram embaladas em bandejas de polipropileno envoltas em filme de polivinilcloreto e mantidas a 5±1ºC, por 12 ou 15 dias. Minicenouras sem revestimento, apresentaram intenso aumento no índice de esbranquecimento, e no quarto dia, apresentaram entre 21 a 60 % de sua superfície esbranquecida. Independente da concentração de amido na suspensão, o índice de esbranquecimento não alterou. As minicenouras tratadas em suspensão contendo 4 % de amido, não apresentaram sintomas visuais de esbranquecimento durante todo o armazenamento. As minicenouras tratadas em suspensão contendo 2 ou 3% de amido, apresentaram até 20% da superfície esbranquecida, nas extremidades, sem comprometer sua qualidade visual. O tempo para secagem do revestimento foi de proximadamente 2,5; 3,5 e 5h para minicenoura tratadas em suspensão com 2, 3 e 4 %, respectivamente, dificultando o uso de suspensão mais concentrada. A velocidade de perda de massa fresca apresentou a mesma tendência para todos os tratamentos. O revestimento utilizado contendo quitosana, inibiu em 1,2 ciclos logs o crescimento de psicotróficos anaeróbicos após 15 dias, em relação ao controle. A suspensão contendo 2 ou 3 % de amido de milho, proporcionou manutenção da coloração característica de minicenoura e inibiu parcialmente o crescimento de psicotróficos anaeróbicos. Apoio financeiro: CAPES, CNPq e FAPEMIG. [ENG] This work aimed to develop an edible antimicrobial coating base on a starch- chitosan matrix to evaluate is effect on baby carrot by means of visual quality and anaerobic Psychrotrophs analyses. Carrots of, Esplanada cultivar were harvested at 90 days after planting, were minimally processed in form of baby carrots and immersed in the suspensión coating based on 2; 3 or 4 % maiz starch (w/v) + 2 % glycerol (v/v) + chitosan (1,5 %, w/v) and 0,4 % glacial acetic acid (v/v). All the samples were placed in extended polystyrene trays, wrapped in polyvinylchloride film and stored at 5±1 ºC for 12 or 15 days. Baby carrot no immersed, presented intense increase whiteness index, and 21 – 60 % at days four whitness surface. Independent of the starch concentration in the suspension, the whiteness index did not modify. The Baby carrot treated in suspension contend 4 % of starch, had not presented visual symptoms of whiteness during the storage. The baby carrots treated in suspension contend 2 or 3% of starch, had presented up to 20 % of the whiteness surface, in the extremities, without compromising its visual quality. The time for drying of the coatings was of approximately 2,5; 3,5 and 5h for baby carrot treated in suspension with 2, 3 and 4 %, respectively, making it difficult the use of more concentred suspension. The speed of mass loss presented the same trend for all the treatments. The use chitosan in the coating, inhibited in 1,2 cycles logs the growth of anaerobic psychrotrophs after 15 days, in relation to the control. The suspensión contend 2 or 3 % of maize starch, provided maintenance of the characteristic coloration of baby carrot and inhibited partially the anaerobic psychrotrophs growth.Os autores agradecem ao prof. Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos e estudantes pelo fornecimento da matéria-prima. À CAPES, CNPq e FAPEMIG pelo apoio financeiro

Mass-rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly using low-cost yeast products produced in Brazil

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A key goal in achieving a successful SIT program is a mass rearing system producing high quality insects at low cost. Providing adults with an artificial diet containing hydrolysed protein has been the major obstacle for bio-production facilities in Brazil, because it is expensive and has to be imported. Two other commercial products, autolysed yeast (AY) and yeast extract (YE), of domestic origin and low cost, were tested as substitutes of the imported hydrolyzed protein. To compare their efficiency we observed the female fecundity, adult survival and egg viability of flies raised on diets containing one of each of the different protein products. Flies reared on the domestic yeast products had equivalent or superior performance to the flies reared on imported protein. Both AY and YE can be a possible substitute for imported hydrolyzed protein for C. capitata mass-rearing, as they are cheaper and are readily available in the national market

Questão agrária e políticas públicas em Minas Gerais : conflitos sociais e alternativas populares

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Global respiratory syncytial virus–related infant community deaths

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric death, with >99% of mortality occurring in low- and lower middle-income countries. At least half of RSV-related deaths are estimated to occur in the community, but clinical characteristics of this group of children remain poorly characterized. Methods The RSV Global Online Mortality Database (RSV GOLD), a global registry of under-5 children who have died with RSV-related illness, describes clinical characteristics of children dying of RSV through global data sharing. RSV GOLD acts as a collaborative platform for global deaths, including community mortality studies described in this supplement. We aimed to compare the age distribution of infant deaths <6 months occurring in the community with in-hospital. Results We studied 829 RSV-related deaths <1 year of age from 38 developing countries, including 166 community deaths from 12 countries. There were 629 deaths that occurred <6 months, of which 156 (25%) occurred in the community. Among infants who died before 6 months of age, median age at death in the community (1.5 months; IQR: 0.8−3.3) was lower than in-hospital (2.4 months; IQR: 1.5−4.0; P < .0001). The proportion of neonatal deaths was higher in the community (29%, 46/156) than in-hospital (12%, 57/473, P < 0.0001). Conclusions We observed that children in the community die at a younger age. We expect that maternal vaccination or immunoprophylaxis against RSV will have a larger impact on RSV-related mortality in the community than in-hospital. This case series of RSV-related community deaths, made possible through global data sharing, allowed us to assess the potential impact of future RSV vaccines