Being Mum’s Confidant, a Boon or Bane? Examining Gender Differences in the Association of Maternal Disclosure with Adolescents’ Depressive Feelings

This article reports on a longitudinal study investigating gender differences in the association between maternal disclosure and adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Little research has examined the relationship of parental disclosure to adolescents’ depressive symptoms and research on sex differences is particularly lacking. In a sample of 428 families with a mean age of 13.36 (52% female) of the target adolescents, maternal and children’s disclosure and depressive symptoms were assessed twice with an interval of 4 years. Controlling for the quality of the parent–child relationship and levels of maternal depressive symptoms, the analyses revealed an interaction effect for child’s gender, moderating the effect of maternal disclosure on adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Higher levels of maternal disclosure were accompanied by lower levels of depressive symptoms in girls and higher levels of depressive symptoms in boys. Gender differences in socialization, communication, individuation and social networks might explain why daughters and sons are differently affected by maternal disclosure

Interest Groups, NGOs or Civil Society Organisations? The Framing of Non-State Actors in the EU

Scholars have used varying terminology for describing non-state entities seeking to influence public policy or work with the EU’s institutions. This paper argues that the use of this terminology is not and should not be random, as different ‘frames’ come with different normative visions about the role(s) of these entities in EU democracy. A novel bibliometric analysis of 780 academic publications between 1992 and 2020 reveals that three frames stand out: The interest group frame, the NGO frame, as well as the civil society organisation frame; a number of publications also use multiple frames. This article reveals the specific democratic visions contained in these frames, including a pluralist view for interest groups; a governance view for NGOs as ‘third sector’ organisations, and participatory and deliberative democracy contributions for civil society organisations. The use of these frames has dynamically changed over time, with ‘interest groups’ on the rise. The results demonstrate the shifting focus of studies on non-state actors in the EU and consolidation within the sub-field; the original visions of European policy-makers emerging from the 2001 White Paper on governance may only partially come true

Minhas experienciações no espaço tempo da sala de aula: é possível integrar os saberes? Em que condições?

In this survey, done from teaching experience, I intend to discuss about reflexive education as an agent for transformation of daily practice, by finding in higher education, the difficulty of generating new forms of relations, especially regarding the practice of activities in classroom. The research was developed in two stages: first, in relation to my activities with the Postgraduate Program in the Faculdade de Educação and second, in a class composed of 40 students registered in the Atividade de Integração Curricular, the first year of the bachelor of Sistemas de Informação, during the year 2010. Based on the uncertainty of the way to go, the survey search evidences of engaging of the students with the educational relationship. Offer moments of reflection about the dynamics of education with the aim to discuss the production of subjectivities in classroom activities. Within the qualitative perspective, as a matter of field, I used the methodology of researchaction. This technique aims to identify strategies of planned action which are implemented, and then systematically submitted to observation, questioning and transformation. Together, I chose to use the cartography method, which is presented as a way to promote access to that which stimulates thinking, thus tracking what is not relevant to a systemic representation. While this process of reflection and significant buildings asked for students to answer a questionnaire and prepare reports. When I connected the data points have emerged producing voice to thoughts, doubts, fears and expectations of students. I understood how necessary it is to learn to learn, especially in times of uncertainty. Even viewing that the educational system, largely is based on principles of instrumental rationality associated with students experiences in teaching conservative and traditional I see that they have a called to introduce a other order, especially in terms dialogical relations and collective.Neste estudo, realizado a partir de experiências pedagógicas, intenciono problematizar a educação reflexiva como agente de transformação da prática diária, a partir da constatação, na educação superior, da dificuldade de engendrar novas formas de relações, de modo especial no que tange à prática das atividades no espaço tempo da sala de aula. A pesquisa foi elaborada em dois momentos: o primeiro, em relação às minhas atividades junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação na Faculdade de Educação e, o segundo, em uma turma composta por 40 estudantes matriculados na Atividade de Integração Curricular, do primeiro ano do curso de bacharelado em Sistemas de Informação, durante o ano de 2010. A proposta de estudo, embasada na incerteza do caminho a ser trilhado, busca evidências do engajamento dos estudantes frente à relação educacional. Oportunizei momentos de reflexão acerca da dinâmica educacional, no intuito de problematizar as atividades em sala de aula. Dentro da perspectiva qualitativa, como procedimento de campo, utilizei a metodologia de pesquisa–ação. Nesta procurei mapear estratégias de ação planejada as quais são implementadas e, a seguir, sistematicamente submetidas à observação, problematização e transformação. Conjuntamente, optei por utilizar o método cartográfico, o qual se apresentou como um caminho para promover o acesso àquilo que estimula o pensar, possibilitando o acompanhamento ao que foge a uma representação sistêmica. Em meio a esse processo de significativas reflexões e construções solicitei aos estudantes responderem um questionário e elaborarem relatos. Ao relacionar os dados, emergiram aspectos produzindo voz a pensamentos, dúvidas, medos e expectativas dos estudantes. Compreendi o quão necessário é aprender a aprender, de modo especial, em tempos de incertezas. Mesmo verificando que o sistema educacional, em grande parte, é baseado em princípios de racionalidade instrumental associados às experiências dos estudantes em atividades de ensino conservador e tradicional, percebo que estes apresentam um apelo à introdução de outra ordem, principalmente, no que tange às relações dialógicas e coletivas

Perioperative Care of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Upper Airway Surgery A Review and Consensus Recommendations

Importance: To date, no consensus exists regarding optimal perioperative care of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing upper airway (UA) surgery. These patients are at risk related to anesthesia and postoperative analgesia, among other risks associated with difficult airway control, and may require intensified perioperative management. Objective: To provide a consensus-based guideline by reviewing available literature and collecting expert opinion during an international consensus meeting with experts from relevant speciliaties. Evidence Review: In a consensus meeting conducted on April 4, 2018, a total of 47 questions covering preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care were formulated by 12 international experts with extensive clinical experience in the field of UA surgery for OSA. Systematic literature searches were performed by an independent information specialist and 6 researchers according to the Oxford and GRADE systems, and 164 articles published on or before December 31, 2011, were included in the analysis. Two moderators chaired the meeting according to the Amsterdam Delphi Method, including iteration of literature conclusions, expert discussion, and voting rounds. Consensus was reached when there was 70% or more agreement among experts. Findings: Of 47 questions, 35 led to a recommendation or statement. The remaining 12 questions provided no additional information and were excluded in the judgment of experts. Consensus was reached for 32 recommendations. For 1 question there was less than 70% agreement among experts; therefore, consensus was not achieved. Highlights of these recommendations include (1) postoperative bleeding is a complication described for all types of UA surgery; (2) OSA is a relative risk factor for difficult mask ventilation and intubation, and plans for difficult airway management should be considered and implemented; (3) safe perioperative care should be provided, with aspects such as OSA severity, adherent use of positive airway pressure, type of surgery, and comorbidities taken into account; (4) although there is no direct evidence to date, in patients undergoing UA surgery, preoperative treatment with positive airway pressure may reduce the risk of postoperative airway complications; and (5) alternative pain management options perioperatively to reduce opioid use should be considered. Conclusions and Relevance: This consensus contains 35 recommendations and statements on the perioperative care of patients with OSA undergoing UA surgery and may be used as a guideline in daily practice.status: publishe