Time-spliced X-ray Diffraction Imaging

Diffraction imaging of non-equilibrium dynamics at atomic resolution is becoming possible with X-ray free-electron lasers. However, there are unresolved problems with applying this method to objects that are confined in only one dimension. Here I show that one-dimensional coherent diffraction imaging is possible by splicing together images recovered from different delays in a time-resolved experiment. This is used to image the time and space evolution of antiferromagnetic order in a complex oxide heterostructure from measurements of a resonant soft X-ray diffraction peak. Mid-infrared excitation of the substrate is shown to lead to a magnetic front that propagates at a velocity exceeding the speed of sound, a critical observation for the understanding of driven phase transitions in complex condensed matter

First-principles study of crystallographic slip modes in ω-Zr.

We use first-principles density functional theory to study the preferred modes of slip in the high-pressure ω phase of Zr. The generalized stacking fault energy surfaces associated with shearing on nine distinct crystallographic slip modes in the hexagonal ω-Zr crystal are calculated, from which characteristics such as ideal shear stress, the dislocation Burgers vector, and possible accompanying atomic shuffles, are extracted. Comparison of energy barriers and ideal shear stresses suggests that the favorable modes are prismatic 〈c〉, prismatic-II [Formula: see text] and pyramidal-II 〈c + a〉, which are distinct from the ground state hexagonal close packed α phase of Zr. Operation of these three modes can accommodate any deformation state. The relative preferences among the identified slip modes are examined using a mean-field crystal plasticity model and comparing the calculated deformation texture with the measurement. Knowledge of the basic crystallographic modes of slip is critical to understanding and analyzing the plastic deformation behavior of ω-Zr or mixed α-ω phase-Zr

Temporal trends in pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in Bavaria 2000-2007: slightly decreasing birth weight with increasing weight gain in pregnancy

Aims: To assess temporal trends in birth weight and pregnancy weight gain in Bavaria from 2000 to 2007. Methods: Data on 695,707 mother and infant pairs (singleton term births) were available from a compulsory reporting system for quality assurance, including information on birth weight, maternal weight at delivery and at booking, maternal smoking, age, and further anthropometric and lifestyle factors. Pregnancy weight gain was defined as: weight prior to delivery minus weight at first booking minus weight of the newborn. Results: Although mean weight gain during pregnancy increased considerably from 10.10 to 10.73 kg in seven years, the mean birth weight in mature singletons decreased slightly from 3433 to 3414 g. These trends could not be explained by concurrent changes in the rates of primiparity, smoking and gestational diabetes. Conclusions: These German data confirm an increased weight gain during pregnancy with adjustment for potential confounders

An Analysis of an Urban Elementary School’s Morning Exercise Program on Overweight/Obese Children’s Academic Ability

In recent years, surveys conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services\u27 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention note an alarming trend in both American adults and children. The number of overweight and obese people in the United States has increased drastically. Since children spend a majority of their time in school, it can be argued that educational efforts to improve understanding of this issue and promote healthier choices should be implemented. This thesis project studied the effects of a morning exercise program for overweight and obese children and its impact on their academic ability and motivation. The literature review section explored the obesity epidemic, its potential cause and effect on society, connections between brain activity and physical exercise, and the potential benefit to exercise programs for overweight and obese children. By analyzing the school\u27s morning exercise program for overweight children, the researcher hoped to discover whether an in-school exercise program impacts weight loss and improves energy levels, and whether morning exercise is perceived by teachers as beneficial to students\u27 levels of focus in the classes following the exercise program. This study took place in an urban school district over eight weeks. There were ten students and ten teachers in the sample group. Observation of exercise sessions, teacher and student surveys, and informal interviews composed the data collection. Conclusions drawn from the research show little correlation between exercise and academic engagement or increased ability

Lacerta kulzeri – filogenetički odnosi indicirani DNA sekvencijama

In order to resolve the relationships of Lacerta kulzeri, parts of mitochondrial genes for 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA of samples of the following species were sequenced: Gallotia stehlini (as an outgroup), Lacerta trilineata, L. cappadocica, L. fraasii, L. danfordi, L. rudis, Podarcis peloponnesiaca, as well as representatives of different populations of L. laevis and L. kulzeri. Sequence analysis clearly shows a close relation between L. laevis and L. kulzeri and no close relation of these species to any other representative of the lizards examined. The other species also show themselves to be representatives of very distinct lacertid groups. The resulting sequence differences within L. kulzeri and L. laevis, respectively, are very high in relation to those between the two species, and they are higher than one would expect for species with small areas.Da bi se razriješili odnosi Lacerta kulzeri, sekvencionirani su dijelovi mitohondrijskih gena za 12S rRNA i 16S rRNA uzoraka sljedećih vrsta: Gallotia stehlini (kao outgroup), Lacerta trilineata, L. cappadocica, L. fraasii, L. danfordi, L. rudis, Podarcis peloponnesiaca, kao i predstavnici različitih populacija L. laevis i L. kulzeri. Analiza sekvenci jasno pokazuje blisku vezu L. laevis i L. kulzeri, a nikakvu blisku vezu tih vrsta s ostalim ispitanim vrstama guštera. Ostale vrste također su se pokazale kao predstavnici vrlo različitih lacertidnih grupa. Konačne razlike u sekvencijama unutar L. kulzeri, odnosno, L. laevis su vrlo visoke u odnosu na one između dviju vrsta, i više su nego što bi se očekivalo za vrste s malim arealima