Die Entwicklung eines neuen, umweltgerechten Produktionsprozesses für Terbinafin

An efficient process for the production of terbinafine is described. Starting from (E)-I,3-dichloropropene, neohexene, and N-methyl-( I-naphthylmethyl)amine and using a palladium-catalyzed coupling methodology, terbinafine is produced exclusively as (E)-isomer in a convergent manner. The new process avoids the very toxic and nasty starting materials acrolein and phosphorus pentachloride used in the old process

Microwave Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Sensor: Penetration Depth and Sensitivity Analysis

Previously reported clinical performances of microwave noninvasive blood glucose monitoring sensor look promising. It is clear that dielectric properties are changing when the food intake takes place, but the exact physiological mechanism is not clear. In an attempt to figure out the physiological mechanism of microwave noninvasive blood glucose monitoring sensor, this paper presents a series of studies to find out a) the penetration depth of the microwave resonator-based sensor and b) the effect of permittivity variation of human tissues on the microwave resonator parameters

The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Angular clustering tomography and its cosmological implications

We investigate the cosmological implications of studying galaxy clustering using a tomographic approach applied to the final BOSS DR12 galaxy sample, including both auto- and cross-correlation functions between redshift shells. We model the signal of the full shape of the angular correlation function, $\omega(\theta)$, in redshift bins using state-of-the-art modelling of non-linearities, bias and redshift-space distortions. We present results on the redshift evolution of the linear bias of BOSS galaxies, which cannot be obtained with traditional methods for galaxy-clustering analysis. We also obtain constraints on cosmological parameters, combining this tomographic analysis with measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and type Ia supernova (SNIa). We explore a number of cosmological models, including the standard $\Lambda$CDM model and its most interesting extensions, such as deviations from w_\rm{DE} = -1, non-minimal neutrino masses, spatial curvature and deviations from general relativity using the growth-index $\gamma$ parametrisation. These results are, in general, comparable to the most precise present-day constraints on cosmological parameters, and show very good agreement with the standard model. In particular, combining CMB, $\omega(\theta)$ and SNIa, we find a value of w_\rm{DE} consistent with $-1$ to a precision better than 5\% when it is assumed to be constant in time, and better than 6\% when we also allow for a spatially-curved Universe.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication MNRAS. The data used in this analysis is publicly available at https://sdss3.org/science/boss_publications.ph

The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Mock galaxy catalogues for the BOSS Final Data Release

We reproduce the galaxy clustering catalogue from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Final Data Release (BOSS DR11 and DR12) with high fidelity on all relevant scales in order to allow a robust analysis of baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions. We have generated (6000) 12 288 MultiDark PATCHY BOSS (DR11) DR12 light cones corresponding to an effective volume of ~ 192 000 [h-1 Gpc]3 (the largest ever simulated volume), including cosmic evolution in the redshift range from 0.15 to 0.75. The mocks have been calibrated using a reference galaxy catalogue based on the halo abundance matching modelling of the BOSS DR11 and DR12 galaxy clustering data and on the data themselves. The production follows three steps. First, we apply the PATCHY code to generate a dark matter field and an object distribution including non-linear stochastic galaxy bias. Secondly, we run the halo/stellar distribution reconstruction HADRON code to assign masses to the various objects. This step uses the mass distribution as a function of local density and non-local indicators (i.e. tidal field tensor eigenvalues and relative halo exclusion separation for massive objects) from the reference simulation applied to the corresponding patchy dark matter and galaxy distribution. Finally, we apply the SUGAR code to build the light cones. The resulting MultiDarkPATCHY mock light cones reproduce the number density, selection function, survey geometry, and in general within 1s, for arbitrary stellar mass bins, the power spectrum up to k = 0.3 h Mpc-1, the two-point correlation functions down to a few Mpc scales, and the three-point statistics of the BOSS DR11 and DR12 galaxy samples.Fil: Kitaura, Francisco-Shu. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Rodriguez Torres, Sergio A.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Chuang, Chia Hsun. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Zhao, Cheng. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Prada, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Gil Marín, Héctor. University of Portsmouth; Reino UnidoFil: Guo, Hong. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory; ChinaFil: Yepes, Gustavo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Klypin, Anatoly. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. New Mexico State University; Estados UnidosFil: Scoccola, Claudia Graciela. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Instituto de Astrof{isica de Canarias; España. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Tinker, Jeremy. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: McBride, Cameron. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Reid, Beth. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Sánchez, Ariel G.. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; AlemaniaFil: Salazar Albornoz, Salvador. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Alemania. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Grieb, Jan Niklas. Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Alemania. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Vargas Magana, Mariana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Cuesta, Antonio J.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Neyrinck, Mark. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Beutler, Florian. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Comparat, Johan. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Percival, Will J.. University of Portsmouth; Reino UnidoFil: Ross, Ashley. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos. University of Portsmouth; Reino Unid

Effects of urodilatin on natriuresis in cirrhosis patients with sodium retention

BACKGROUND: Sodium retention and ascites are serious clinical problems in cirrhosis. Urodilatin (URO) is a peptide with paracrine effects in decreasing sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. Our aim was to investigate the renal potency of synthetic URO on urine sodium excretion in cirrhosis patients with sodium retention and ascites. METHODS: Seven cirrhosis patients with diuretics-resistant sodium retention received a short-term (90 min) infusion of URO in a single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. In the basal state after rehydration the patients had urine sodium excretion < 50 mmol/24 h. RESULTS: URO transiently increased urine sodium excretion from 22 ± 16 μmol/min (mean ± SD) to 78 ± 41 μmol/min (P < 0.05) and there was no effect of placebo (29 ± 14 to 44 ± 32). The increase of URO's second messenger after the receptor, cGMP, was normal. URO had no effect on urine flow or on blood pressure. Most of the patients had highly elevated plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone and URO did not change these. CONCLUSION: The short-term low-dose URO infusion increased the sodium excretion of the patients. The increase was small but systematic and potentially clinically important for such patients. The small response contrasts the preserved responsiveness of the URO receptors. The markedly activated systemic pressor hormones in cirrhosis evidently antagonized the local tubular effects of URO

The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey : tomographic BAO analysis of DR12 combined sample in Fourier space

We perform a tomographic baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) analysis using the monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole of the redshift-space galaxy power spectrum measured from the pre-reconstructed combined galaxy sample of the completed Sloan Digital Sky Survey Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release12 covering the redshift range of 0.20 < z < 0.75. By allowing for overlap between neighbouring redshift slices, we successfully obtained the isotropic and anisotropic BAO distance measurements within nine redshift slices to a precision of 1.5–3.4 per cent for DV/rd, 1.8–4.2 per cent for DA/rd and 3.7–7.5 per cent for H rd, depending on effective redshifts. We provide our BAO measurement of DA/rd and H rd with the full covariance matrix, which can be used for cosmological implications. Our measurements are consistent with those presented in Alam et al., in which the BAO distances are measured at three effective redshifts. We constrain dark energy parameters using our measurements and find an improvement of the Figure-of-Merit of dark energy in general due to the temporal BAO information resolved. This paper is a part of a set that analyses the final galaxy clustering data set from BOSS.PostprintPeer reviewe

The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey : cosmological implications of the Fourier space wedges of the final sample

We extract cosmological information from the anisotropic power-spectrum measurements from the recently completed Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), extending the concept of clustering wedges to Fourier space. Making use of new fast-Fourier-transform-based estimators, we measure the power-spectrum clustering wedges of the BOSS sample by filtering out the information of Legendre multipoles ℓ > 4. Our modelling of these measurements is based on novel approaches to describe non-linear evolution, bias and redshift-space distortions, which we test using synthetic catalogues based on large-volume N-body simulations. We are able to include smaller scales than in previous analyses, resulting in tighter cosmological constraints. Using three overlapping redshift bins, we measure the angular-diameter distance, the Hubble parameter and the cosmic growth rate, and explore the cosmological implications of our full-shape clustering measurements in combination with cosmic microwave background and Type Ia supernova data. Assuming a Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, we constrain the matter density to ΩM=0.311+0.009/−0.010 and the Hubble parameter to H0=67.6+0.7/−0.6kms−1 Mpc−1, at a confidence level of 68 per cent. We also allow for non-standard dark energy models and modifications of the growth rate, finding good agreement with the ΛCDM paradigm. For example, we constrain the equation-of-state parameter to w=−1.019+0.048/−0.039. This paper is part of a set that analyses the final galaxy-clustering data set from BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are combined with others in Alam et al. to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS.PreprintPublisher PDFPeer reviewe

The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Anisotropic galaxy clustering in Fourier-space

We investigate the anisotropic clustering of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 12 (DR12) sample, which consists of $1\,198\,006$ galaxies in the redshift range $0.2 < z < 0.75$ and a sky coverage of $10\,252\,$deg$^2$. We analyse this dataset in Fourier space, using the power spectrum multipoles to measure Redshift-Space Distortions (RSD) simultaneously with the Alcock-Paczynski (AP) effect and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale. We include the power spectrum monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole in our analysis and compare our measurements with a perturbation theory based model, while properly accounting for the survey window function. To evaluate the reliability of our analysis pipeline we participate in a mock challenge, which resulted in systematic uncertainties significantly smaller than the statistical uncertainties. While the high-redshift constraint on $f\sigma_8$ at $z_{\rm eff}=0.61$ indicates a small ($\sim 1.4\sigma$) deviation from the prediction of the Planck $\Lambda$CDM model, the low-redshift constraint is in good agreement with Planck $\Lambda$CDM. This paper is part of a set that analyses the final galaxy clustering dataset from BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are combined with others in~\citet{Alam2016} to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS

Biomolecular Filters for Improved Separation of Output Signals in Enzyme Logic Systems Applied to Biomedical Analysis

Biomolecular logic systems processing biochemical input signals and producing "digital" outputs in the form of YES/NO were developed for analysis of physiological conditions characteristic of liver injury, soft tissue injury and abdominal trauma. Injury biomarkers were used as input signals for activating the logic systems. Their normal physiological concentrations were defined as logic-0 level, while their pathologically elevated concentrations were defined as logic-1 values. Since the input concentrations applied as logic 0 and 1 values were not sufficiently different, the output signals being at low and high values (0, 1 outputs) were separated with a short gap making their discrimination difficult. Coupled enzymatic reactions functioning as a biomolecular signal processing system with a built-in filter property were developed. The filter process involves a partial back-conversion of the optical-output-signal-yielding product, but only at its low concentrations, thus allowing the proper discrimination between 0 and 1 output values