3,627 research outputs found
Nonlinear elastic analysis of concrete beams based on the Smeared Crack Approach
In the present study, an analysis of plain and reinforced concrete beams under monotonic loading was made based on the Fixed Smeared Crack approach. The objectives of this research were to analyze the nonlinear behavior of the selected cases of analysis and to propose an alternative and simple model for the analysis of beams under service loadings, by means of Committee 435 of the American Concrete Institute. A brittle model for concrete and a linear-elastic behavior for steel reinforcement bars were considered. Results are presented through force-displacement curves and the sequence of cracking propagation. Also, a comparison of calculated instantaneous deflections of simply supported beams was made between the proposed model and other researches. It was verified that the proposed algorithm can predict adequately the cracking process and the deflections of beams subjected to service loadings, taking into account experimental results from other authors
Evaluaci?n de la actividad bactericida de fracciones enriquecidas en flavonoides a partir de: psidium guajava l. (guayaba), calendula officinalis l. (cal?ndula), l. (romero) y matricaria chamomilla l. (manzanilla) sobre: erwinia carotovora (dye).
88 P?ginasLas plantas alimenticias son infectadas por bacterias originando graves problemas fitosanitarios que generan p?rdidas econ?micas a los agricultores. Estos microorganismos desarrollan resistencia hacia los antibi?ticos debido a su uso inadecuado. Una alternativa en el control de bacterias fitopat?genas es el empleo de extractos bot?nicos, con lo cual se busca reducir el impacto econ?mico y ambiental en el sector agr?cola.
Empleando diversos ?rganos de Psidium guajava L. (guayaba), Calendula officinalis L. (cal?ndula), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (romero) y Matricaria chamomilla L. (manzanilla) se elaboraron extractos etan?licos, de los cuales se obtuvieron cuatro (4) fracciones mediante una serie eluotr?pica de solventes (?ter de petr?leo, acetato de etilo, n-butanol y agua).
Los extractos y sus fracciones fueron caracterizados fitoqu?micamente con cromatograf?as en capa delgada para detectar flavonoides (fracci?n et?rea descartada) y su actividad in vitro se evalu? frente a la cepa E. carotovora mediante el m?todo de inhibici?n zonal (m?todo de difusi?n en agar), utilizando concentraciones de 5.000, 7.000 y 10.000 (?g/mL), con mediciones de halos de inhibici?n a las 24 y 48 horas. Los resultados obtenidos mediante estas pruebas determinaron un control positivo de las plantas P. guajava con su extracto etan?lico y sus 3 fracciones y C. officinalis en su fracci?n acetato de etilo.
Los resultados obtenidos a partir del estudio de actividad biol?gica in vitro sugieren que las fracciones n-butanol y acuosa en la especia P. guajava y la fracci?n acetato de etilo en la especia C. officinalis son promisorias para futuros ensayos de actividad bactericida y otros estudios qu?micos.ABSTRACT
Food plants are infected by causing serious phytosanitary problems caused economic losses to farmers bacteria. These microorganisms develop resistance to antibiotics due to improper use. An alternative in the control of plant pathogenic bacteria is the use of botanical extracts, which seeks to reduce the economic and environmental impact on the agricultural sector.
Using various organs of Psidium guajava L. ( guava), Calendula officinalis L. (marigold), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary ) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile ) ethanol extracts were prepared , of which four (4) fractions were obtained by eluotropic series of solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water).
The extracts and fractions were characterized phytochemically with thin layer chromatography for any flavonoids (ethereal fraction discarded) and its in vitro activity was evaluated against strain E. carotovora by the method of zonal inhibition (diffusion method on agar) using concentrations of 5.000, 7.000 and 10.000 (?g/mL), with measurements of zones of inhibition at 24 and 48 hours. The results obtained by these tests determined a positive control of plants with P. guajava ethanol extract and its fractions and its 3 in the C. officinalis ethyl acetate fraction.
The results obtained from the study of biological activity in vitro suggest that n - butanol fraction and water at P. guajava spice and ethyl acetate fraction in the spice C. officinalis are promising for future trials and other studies bactericidal activity chemicals.INTRODUCCI?N
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1. MARCO TE?RICO
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1.1 IMPORTANCIA DE LAS ENFERMEDADES FITOPAT?GENAS
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1.2 FITOENFERMEDADES POR BACTERIAS
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1.3 CONTROL DE BACTERIAS FITOPAT?GENAS
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1.3.1 Uso de Antibi?ticos
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1.4 EXTRACTOS VEGETALES Y SU PAPEL EN LA AGRICULTURA
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1.4.1 Uso Mundial, Regional y Local.
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1.4.2 Uso en el campo.
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1.5 DESCRIPCI?N DE E. carotovora.
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1.5.1 Generalidades.
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1.5.2 Situaci?n actual
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1.5.3 Identificaci?n taxon?mica seg?n la N.C.B.I.
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1.5.4 Tratamiento
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1.5.5 Incidencia.
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1.6 DESCRIPCI?N BOT?NICA DE LAS ESPECIES VEGETALES
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1.6.1 Descripci?n bot?nica P. guajava
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1.6.1.1 Flavonoides reportados y actividad biol?gica
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1.6.2 Descripci?n bot?nica R. officinalis
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1.6.2.1 Flavonoides reportados y actividad biol?gica
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1.6.3 Descripci?n bot?nica C. officinalis
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1.6.3.1 Flavonoides reportados y actividad biol?gica
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1.6.4 Descripci?n bot?nica M. Chamomilla
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1.6.4.1 Flavonoides reportados y actividad biol?gica
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1.7 FLAVONOIDES
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2. PARTE EXPERIMENTAL
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2.1 EQUIPOS REACTIVOS Y MATERIALES
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2.1.1 Equipos
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2.1.2 Reactivos
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2.1.3 Materiales
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2.2 MATERIAL VEGETAL
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2.2.1 Material microbiol?gico
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2.3 METODOLOGIA - ENSAYOS FITOQUIMICOS
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2.3.1 Elaboraci?n de los extractos etan?licos de P. guajava, C. officinalis, R. officinalis y M. chamomilla
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2.3.2 Fraccionamiento del extracto etan?lico
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2.3.3 Detecci?n de flavonoides en extractos etan?licos y fracciones primarias de P. guajava, C. officinalis, R. officinalis y M. chamomilla
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2.4 METODOLOG?A BIOL?GICA
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2.4.1 Bioensayo de la actividad bactericida de los extractos y fracciones sobre E. carotovora
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2.4.2 Determinaci?n de la concentraci?n inhibitoria para el control positivo (Cefalexina)
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2.4.3 Disoluci?n de los extractos etan?licos y fracciones primarias
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2.5 AN?LISIS ESTAD?STICO
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2.5.1 M?todo estad?stico
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3. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSI?N
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3.1 EXTRACCI?N Y FRACCIONAMIENTO DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETAN?LICOS
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3.2 ESTUDIO FITOQU?MICO POR CCD DE LOS EXTRACTOS Y FRACCIONES
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3.2.1 An?lisis de los extractos
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3.2.2 An?lisis de las fracciones
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3.3 PRUEBAS DE ACTIVIDAD BIOL?GICA IN VITRO DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETAN?LICOS Y FRACCIONES OBTENIDAS DE P. GUAJAVA, R. OFFICINALIS, C. OFFICINALIS Y M.CHAMOMILLA SOBRE E. CAROTOVORA
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3.4 RESULTADOS AN?LISIS ESTAD?STICO
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4. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
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4.1 CONCLUSIONES
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4.2 RECOMENDACIONES
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5. REFERENCIAS
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The Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC): Creating a Shared Research Foundation
This article explains the history and development of the Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC) as a research foundation for reading, writing, and researching the Caribbean and thus as part of the scholarly cyberinfrastructure for Caribbean Studies. As a research foundation, dLOC includes technical, social, governmental, and procedural supports including open source tools, executive and scholarly advisory boards for governance, permissions-based rights model to support intellectual property as well as cultural and moral rights, and a core support team. As a research foundation, dLOC supports new forms of research as well as new ways of reading and writing Caribbean Studies
Holocene Fire Occurrence and Alluvial Responses at the Leading Edge of Pinyon–Juniper Migration in the Northern Great Basin, USA
Fire and vegetation records at the City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO), south-central Idaho, display the interaction of changing climate, fire and vegetation along the migrating front of single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Radiocarbon dating of alluvial charcoal reconstructed local fire occurrence and geomorphic response, and fossil woodrat (Neotoma) middens revealed pinyon and juniper arrivals. Fire peaks occurred ~10,700–9500, 7200–6700, 2400–2000, 850–700, and 550–400 cal yr BP, whereas ~9500–7200, 6700–4700 and ~1500–1000 cal yr BP are fire-free. Wetter climates and denser vegetation fueled episodic fires and debris flows during the early and late Holocene, whereas drier climates and reduced vegetation caused frequent sheetflooding during the mid-Holocene. Increased fires during the wetter and more variable late Holocene suggest variable climate and adequate fuels augment fires at CIRO. Utah juniper and single-leaf pinyon colonized CIRO by 3800 and 2800 cal yr BP, respectively, though pinyon did not expand broadly until ~700 cal yr BP. Increased fire-related deposition coincided with regional droughts and pinyon infilling ~850–700 and 550–400 cal yr BP. Early and late Holocene vegetation change probably played a major role in accelerated fire activity, which may be sustained into the future due to pinyon–juniper densification and cheatgrass invasion
Application of large area SiPMs for the readout of a plastic scintillator based timing detector
In this study an array of eight 6 mm x 6 mm area SiPMs was coupled to the end
of a long plastic scintillator counter which was exposed to a 2.5 GeV/c muon
beam at the CERN PS. Timing characteristics of bars with dimensions 150 cm x 6
cm x 1 cm and 120 cm x 11 cm x 2.5 cm have been studied. An 8-channel SiPM
anode readout ASIC (MUSIC R1) based on a novel low input impedance current
conveyor has been used to read out and amplify SiPMs independently and sum the
signals at the end. Prospects for applications in large-scale particle physics
detectors with timing resolution below 100 ps are provided in light of the
results
Application of large area SiPMs for the readout of a plastic scintillator based timing detector
In this study an array of eight 6 mm x 6 mm area SiPMs was coupled to the end
of a long plastic scintillator counter which was exposed to a 2.5 GeV/c muon
beam at the CERN PS. Timing characteristics of bars with dimensions 150 cm x 6
cm x 1 cm and 120 cm x 11 cm x 2.5 cm have been studied. An 8-channel SiPM
anode readout ASIC (MUSIC R1) based on a novel low input impedance current
conveyor has been used to read out and amplify SiPMs independently and sum the
signals at the end. Prospects for applications in large-scale particle physics
detectors with timing resolution below 100 ps are provided in light of the
results
CRANKITE: a fast polypeptide backbone conformation sampler
Background: CRANKITE is a suite of programs for simulating backbone conformations of polypeptides and proteins. The core of the suite is an efficient Metropolis Monte Carlo sampler of backbone conformations in continuous three-dimensional space in atomic details.
Methods: In contrast to other programs relying on local Metropolis moves in the space of dihedral angles, our sampler utilizes local crankshaft rotations of rigid peptide bonds in Cartesian space.
Results: The sampler allows fast simulation and analysis of secondary structure formation and conformational changes for proteins of average length
Decelerated sub-relativistic material with energy Injection
We investigate the evolution of the afterglow produced by the deceleration of
the non-relativistic material due to its surroundings. The ejecta mass is
launched into the circumstellar medium with equivalent kinetic energy expressed
as a power-law velocity distribution . The
density profile of this medium follows a power law with
the stratification parameter, which accounts for the usual cases of a
constant medium () and a wind-like medium (). A long-lasting central
engine, which injects energy into the ejected material as ()
was also assumed. With our model, we show the predicted light curves associated
with this emission for different sets of initial conditions and notice the
effect of the variation of these parameters on the frequencies, timescales and
intensities. The results are discussed in the Kilonova scenario.Comment: Presented at the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021),
Berlin, German
A theoretical model of an off-axis GRB jet
In light of the most recent observations of late afterglows produced by the
merger of compact objects or by the core-collapse of massive dying stars, we
research the evolution of the afterglow produced by an off-axis top-hat jet and
its interaction with a surrounding medium. The medium is parametrized by a
power law distribution of the form is the stratification
parameter and contains the development when the surrounding density is constant
() or wind-like (). We develop an analytical synchrotron
forward-shock model when the outflow is viewed off-axis, and it is decelerated
by a stratified medium. Using the X-ray data points collected by a large
campaign of orbiting satellites and ground telescopes, we have managed to apply
our model and fit the X-ray spectrum of the GRB afterglow associated to SN
2020bvc with conventional parameters. Our model predicts that its circumburst
medium is parametrized by a power law with stratification parameter .Comment: Presented at the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021),
Berlin, German
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