De Statisticien à Data Scientist: Développements pédagogiques à l'INSA de Toulouse

International audienceAccording to a recent report from the European Commission, the world generates every minute 1.7 million of billions of data bytes, the equivalent of 360,000 DVDs, and companies that build their decision-making processes by exploiting these data increase their productivity. The treatment and valorization of massive data has consequences on the employment of graduate students in statistics. Which additional skills do students trained in statistics need to acquire to become data scientists ? How to evolve training so that future graduates can adapt to rapid changes in this area, without neglecting traditional jobs and the fundamental and lasting foundation for the training? After considering the notion of big data and questioning the emergence of a "new" science: Data Science, we present the current developments in the training of engineers in Mathematical and Modeling at INSA Toulouse.Selon un rapport récent de la commission européenne, le monde génère chaque minute 1,7 millions de milliards d'octets de données, soit l'équivalent de 360 000 DVD, et les entreprises qui bâtissent leur processus décisionnels en exploitant ces données accroissent leur productivité. Le traitement et la valorisation de données massives a des conséquence en matière d'emploi pour les diplômés des filières statistiques. Quelles compétences nouvelles les étudiants formés en statistique doivent-ils acquérir devenir des scientifiques des données ? Comment faire évoluer les formations pour permettre aux futurs diplômés de s'adapter aux évolutions rapides dans ce domaine, sans pour autant négliger les métiers traditionnels et le socle fondamental et pérenne de la formation? Après nous être interrogés sur la notion de données massives et l'émergence d'une "nouvelle" science : la science des données, nous présenterons les évolutions en cours dans la formation d'ingénieurs en Génie Mathématique et Modélisation à l'INSA de Toulouse

Empire’s Children. Child Emigration, Welfare, and the Decline of the British World, 1869-1967

Les lecteurs de la RHEI ont pu découvrir les travaux d’Ellen Boucher grâce à son article « Enfance et race dans l'Empire britannique », consacré aux migrations vers la Rhodésie du Sud de la fin des années 1930 aux années 1950. Empire’s Children replace cet épisode dans l’histoire des migrations d’enfants pauvres vers les colonies britanniques de la fin de l’ère victorienne aux années 1960, phénomène considérable puisqu’il concerna plus de 80 000 enfants pour le seul Canada entre 1867 et 1914,..

Nicolas Palluau, La Fabrique des pédagogues. Encadrer les colonies de vacances 1919-1939

Le sujet de l’ouvrage est plus large que ce que laissent supposer son titre et surtout son sous-titre. La thèse dont il est tiré avait un intitulé long mais davantage explicite : « Former des cadres pour la jeunesse : chefs éclaireurs, professeurs, instituteurs et moniteurs de colonies de vacances 1911-1940 ». Car au-delà des colonies de vacances, Nicolas Palluau retrace une ambition formatrice et réformatrice, celle des Éclaireurs de France, mouvement scout qui entendait contribuer à la réfo..

Empire’s Children. Child Emigration, Welfare, and the Decline of the British World, 1869-1967

Les lecteurs de la RHEI ont pu découvrir les travaux d’Ellen Boucher grâce à son article « Enfance et race dans l'Empire britannique », consacré aux migrations vers la Rhodésie du Sud de la fin des années 1930 aux années 1950. Empire’s Children replace cet épisode dans l’histoire des migrations d’enfants pauvres vers les colonies britanniques de la fin de l’ère victorienne aux années 1960, phénomène considérable puisqu’il concerna plus de 80 000 enfants pour le seul Canada entre 1867 et 1914,..

Variation in physiological host range in three strains of two species of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria

Knowledge of the host range of a biocontrol agent (BCA) is fundamental. Host range determines the BCA's economic potential, as well as the possible risk for non-target organisms. Entomopathogenic fungal strains belonging to the genus Beauveria are widely used as BCA, but our knowledge of their physiological host range is only partial. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the physiological host range of three Beauveria strains belonging to two species, B. hoplocheli and B. bassiana. We performed laboratory mortality bioassays to assess their pathogenicity and virulence against nine insect pests, belonging to three orders: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Mortality rate, mean survival time and mycosis rate were used to estimate virulence. Pathogenicity was assessed as the capacity to cause a disease and induce mortality. Virulence was assessed as the severity of the disease based on mortality rate, mean survival time and mycosis rate. The results of this study revealed significant differences in the physiological host range of the three Beauveria strains tested. The three strains were pathogenic to all Diptera and Lepidoptera species tested. In the case of the Coleoptera, only the B. hoplocheli strain was pathogenic to the white grub Hoplochelus marginalis and only the B. bassiana strains were pathogenic to Alphitobius diaperinus. The B. hoplocheli strain was less virulent on Lepidoptera and Diptera than the two B. bassiana strains. The latter both exhibited very similar virulence patterns. The fact that B. hoplocheli and B. bassiana strains have different host ranges means that they can be used as BCA to target different pests. Impacts on non-target insects across multiple orders cannot be ruled out in the absence of ecological host range studies

Microsatellite Markers Confirm Self‐Pollination and Autogamy in Wild Populations of Vanilla mexicana Mill. (syn. V. inodora) (Orchidaceae) in the Island of Guadeloupe

The study aimed at evaluating the mating system of Vanilla mexicana (Orchidaceae) in natural populations in the island of Guadeloupe. A total of 132 V. mexicana samples were collected from 12 sites in Guadeloupe (Basse‐Terre). Five other samples coming from Martinique and Mexico completed our analyses. Reproductive biology experiments excluding pollinators with bagged flowers revealed 53.9% fruit set, a value identical to the natural fruit set measured in the populations. These results suggested that V. mexicana, unlike most Vanilla species, was reproducing by self‐pollination and autogamy. Due to lack of specific DNA markers for V. mexicana, microsatellite markers, previously developed in other Vanilla species, were used for the genetic analyses. Only 6 out of the 33 markers tested were transferable and polymorphic in V. mexicana. A panel of 51 V. mexicana samples genotyped with 3 polymorphic loci was finally retained for Guadeloupe population genetic analyses. A heterozygote deficiency was detected, and the selfing rate was estimated to 74%. These results confirmed the reproductive biology results as self‐pollination and autogamy were the most likely explanation for this deficit. Results were compared to those from allogamous wild Vanilla species and discussed in the light of suggested existence of a pollinator for V. mexicana in other areas (Mexico)

Session E9: Cumulated Mortalities of Salmon and Eel in the Turbines of the Loire-Brittany District

Abstract: The effect of dams on mortality during downstream migration was simulated using distribution and mortality models in the whole Loire-Brittany water district (155 000 Km2). A combination of models was used: (1) juvenile habitats for smolts, (2) productivity of juvenile salmon habitats, (3) production of silver eels (EDA model), The models (1)*(2) and (3) were used to predict the number of downstream migrants in the current conditions and with a transparent upstream migration. (4) Turbine mortality was calculated from either the characteristics of the turbine (diameter, rotation speed, height ...) or by extrapolation from the average mortality when information was missing to run the model. (5) Mortalities at the dam level were then derived from the nominal flow of each turbine and from the flow of the spill under 5 flow scenarios. A similar overall production of about 100 000 smolts per year was found in the Loire and Britany and the current production of eels was evaluated at 306 700, 314 900 and 124 400 silver eels for Brittany, the Loire and Vendée coastal streams respectively. The average mortality calculated at 387 dams and 578 turbines was estimated at 16.9% in Kaplan, 19.6% in Francis turbines, for smolts, and 45.8% and 88.5% for eels. For salmon, the number of kills was evaluated as N=26 900 (ie 27% of the Loire’s smolt production), and N=1 636 (ie 2%) in Brittany. For eel, the number of kills was evaluated as N=9 800 (ie 3.1%) of the silver eel production in the Loire, N=9 400 (ie 3.3%) in Brittany and N=2 700 (ie 2.2%) in Vendée. The results will allow to prioritize actions and provide a first estimate of the level of mortality affecting eel and salmon in the Loire-Britany basin