Soundness Discrimination in Ferrite Ductile Irons Through Tensile Data Analysis

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Vitamin E in Viral Inactivated Vaccines

Abstract This research aimed at verifying whether vitamin E added to inactivated and emulsified vaccines enhances the immune response to viral antigens in chicken. Three hundred and twenty broilers (males and females) and 16 types of vaccines, varying in viral antigen [Newcastle disease virus, egg drop syndrome 1976 virus (EDS76V), and infectious bursal disease virus] and vitamin E amount (replacing 10, 20, and 30% of mineral oil) were used. Results show that vaccines with vitamin E, especially when it replaces 20 or 30% of mineral oil, induces a more rapid and higher antibody response than control vaccines. An adjuvant effect of vitamin E was also present in viral vaccine lacking bacterial antigens. Apart from vitamin E content, the Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus monovalent vaccines induced higher titers of specific circulating antibodies in birds than did trivalent vaccines

Vitamin E as Adjuvant in Emulsified Vaccine for Chicks

Abstract Mineral oil was partially replaced with D, L-α-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) in bacterial and viral inactivated emulsified vaccines. Vitamin E increased the immune response to the viral antigen (Newcastle disease virus) used but not to the bacterial antigen (Escherichia coli) when its presence in the oil phase did not exceed 30%. Inoculated vitamin E may have enhanced the immune response by interacting with the immune-competent cells involved in the inflammatory reaction that followed inoculation of emulsified vaccines

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass and Jejunectomy Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Goto-Kakizaki Diabetic Rats Without Changes in Incretins or Insulin Secretion

Gastric bypass surgery can dramatically improve type 2 diabetes. It has been hypothesized that by excluding duodenum and jejunum from nutrient transit, this procedure may reduce putative signals from the proximal intestine that negatively influence insulin sensitivity ( S I ). To test this hypothesis, resection or bypass of different intestinal segments were performed in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups: duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), jejunal resection (jejunectomy), ileal resection (ileectomy), pair-fed sham-operated, and nonoperated controls. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed within 2 weeks after surgery. Baseline and poststimulation levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were measured. Minimal model analysis was used to assess S I . S I improved after DJB ( S I = 1.14 ± 0.32 × 10 −4 min −1 ⋅ pM −1 ) and jejunectomy ( S I = 0.80 ± 0.14 × 10 −4 min −1 ⋅ pM −1 ), but not after ileectomy or sham operation/pair feeding in diabetic rats. Both DJB and jejunal resection normalized S I in diabetic rats as shown by S I levels equivalent to those of Wistar rats ( S I = 1.01 ± 0.06 × 10 −4 min −1 ⋅ pM −1 ; P = NS). Glucose effectiveness did not change after operations in any group. While ileectomy increased plasma GIP levels, no changes in GIP or GLP-1 were observed after DJB and jejunectomy. These findings support the hypothesis that anatomic alterations of the proximal small bowel may reduce factors associated with negative influence on S I , therefore contributing to the control of diabetes after gastric bypass surgery

Electrochemical C(sp3)-H functionalization of ethers via hydrogen-atom transfer by means of cathodic reduction

: The chemo- and stereoselective electrochemical allylation/alkylation of ethers is presented via a C(sp3)-H activation event. The electrosynthetic protocol enables the realization of a large library of functionalized ethers (35 examples) in high yields (up to 84%) via cathodic activation of a new type of redox-active carbonate (RAC), capable of triggering HAT (Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer) events through the generation of electrophilic oxy radicals. The process displayed high functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. A mechanistic elucidation via voltammetric analysis completes the study

Mechanotransduction in human and mouse beta cell lines: reliable models to characterize novel signaling pathways controlling beta cell fate

Background and aims: Attempts to influence \u3b2-cell differentiation by engineering substrates that mimic appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) topographies are hampered by the fact that profound details of mechanosensing/transduction complexity remain elusive. We recently demonstrated that human islets of Langerhans sense the ECM nanotopography and activate a mechanotransductive pathway, which is essential for preserving long-term \u3b2-cell differentiation and function in vitro. However, human islets of Langerhans are extremely heterogeneous and their availability for research purpose is limited. Therefore, aim of the proposed research was to investigate whether mouse and human \u3b2-cell lines might sense changes innthe ECM topography and might be used as a simplified model to dissect the molecular pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Materials and methods: We used supersonic cluster beam deposition to fabricate nanostructured substrates characterized by a quantitatively controllable ECM-like nanoroughness. Mouse \u3b2TC3 and human 1.1B4 cells were seeded on these substrates and after five days in culture, the activation of the mechanotransductive pathway was verified by means of morphological (super-resolution fluorescence microscopy), functional and proteomic techniques. Results: Quantitative immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the cell-nanotopography interaction affects the focal adhesion structures (smaller vinculin clusters), the organization of the actin cytoskeleton (shorter actin fiber) and the nuclear architecture. Functional studies revealed that nanostructured surfaces improve the \u3b2-cell mitochondrial activity and increase the glucose-stimulated Ca2+currents and insulin release. Label-free shotgun proteomics broadly confirmed the morphological and functional studies and showed the upregulation of a number of mechanosensors and transcription factors involved in \u3b2-cell differentiation in cells grown on nanostructured substrates compared to those grown on flat standard control surfaces. Conclusion: Our data reveal that mouse and human \u3b2-cell lines sense changes in extracellular mechanical forces and activate a mechanotransductive pathway. The findings from this study will be useful to clarify the link between mechanotransduction and cell fate and to successfully engineer scaffolds in order to have functional beta cells

Merging C-C σ-bond activation of cyclobutanones with CO2 fixation via Ni-catalysis

A carboxylative Ni-catalyzed tandem C-C σ-bond activation of cyclobutanones followed by CO2-electrophilic trapping is documented as a direct route to synthetically valuable 3-indanone-1-acetic acids. The protocol shows an adequate functional group tolerance and useful chemical outcomes (yield up to 76%) when AlCl3 is adopted as an additive. Manipulations of the targeted cyclic scaffolds and a mechanistic proposal based on experimental evidence complete the investigation

EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL LOADING ON POWER OUTPUT DURING VERTICAL JUMP: A PILOT STUDY WITH WATER POLO GOAL KEEPERS.

The purpose of this study was to describe preliminary results of the effects of external loading on power output during vertical jumps performed on a force platform by three elite water polo goal keepers (1 female and 2 male). Peak power output was calculated from time-force curves during vertical jumps with and without external additional loads corresponding to 0%, 5%, 10% and 15 % of their body weight. The jumps were performed from a squat position, without lower limb counter-movement or arm swings. The peak instantaneous power was reached at 0% additional load (body weight) by two of the athletes, and for the third, the peak instantaneous power was reached at 5% additional load. This study suggests that for water polo goal keepers, the load that generates maximum power output in dry land exercises is body weight, without any additional load

Visible-Light Assisted Covalent Surface Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Arylazo Sulfones

We present an environmentally benign methodology for the covalent functionalization (arylation) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with arylazo sulfones. A variety of tagged aryl units were conveniently accommodated at the rGO surface via visible-light irradiation of suspensions of carbon nanostructured materials in aqueous media. Mild reaction conditions, absence of photosensitizers, functional group tolerance and high atomic fractions (XPS analysis) represent some of the salient features characterizing the present methodology. Control experiments for the mechanistic elucidation (Raman analysis) and chemical nanomanipulation of the tagged rGO surfaces are also reported