Biodesign : vers une relecture des rapports

Beneath a designer’s curiosity towards biotechnologylies, all the more, a preoccupation concerningthe evolution of our societies, both in the way they functionand in the way they are equipped. This neo-Darwinian view is a means to change our conventions,conferring on biodesign the capacity to bring forward ananalysis of politics and its power relations. Michael Burton’s,Michiko Nitta’s as well as Alexandra DaisyGinsberg’s projects highlight the following dilemma:either we keep on the conservatives’ and the ecologists’path, or we take that of synthetic biology. Following thissecond option, the proposed denunciation strategies laydown a disputed phenomenological relation, which, onceexperienced through those new representations, helpsmeasuring, understanding and reshaping our social reality

Coherent forward scattering as a robust probe of multifractality in critical disordered media

We study coherent forward scattering (CFS) in critical disordered systems, whose eigenstates are multifractals. We give general and simple arguments that make it possible to fully characterize the dynamics of the shape and height of the CFS peak. We show that the dynamics is governed by multifractal dimensions $D_1$ and $D_2$, which suggests that CFS could be used as an experimental probe for quantum multifractality. Our predictions are universal and numerically verified in three paradigmatic models of quantum multifractality: Power-law Random Banded Matrices (PRBM), the Ruijsenaars-Schneider ensembles (RS), and the three-dimensional kicked-rotor (3DKR). In the strong multifractal regime, we show analytically that these universal predictions exactly coincide with results from standard perturbation theory applied to the PRBM and RS models.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figure

A fully coupled HM –XFEM method with cohesive zone model: application to fluid-driven fracture network

International audienceA fully coupled HM –XFEM method with cohesive zone model: application to fluid-driven fracture networ

On the Formation of Nanogratings in Commercial Oxide Glasses by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Nanogratings (NGs) are self-assembled subwavelength and birefringent nanostructures created by femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) in glass, which are of high interest for photonics, sensing, five-dimensional (5D) optical data storage, or microfluidics applications. In this work, NG formation windows were investigated in nine commercial glasses and as a function of glass viscosity and chemical composition. The NG windows were studied in an energy—frequency laser parameter landscape and characterized by polarizing optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pure silica glass (Suprasil) exhibits the largest NG window, whereas alkali borosilicate glasses (7059 and BK7) present the smallest one. Moreover, the NG formation windows progressively reduced in the following order: ULE, GeO2, B33, AF32, and Eagle XG. The NG formation window in glasses was found to decrease with the increase of alkali and alkaline earth content and was correlated to the temperature dependence of the viscosity in these glasses. This work provides guidelines to the formation of NGs in commercial oxide glasses by FLDW

On the existence of nanogratings in commercial oxide glasses

The ability to induce nanogratings using a femtosecond laser in common oxide glasses is investigated experimentally. A simple and general viscosity-based approach is subsequently employed to predict their existence in glass

Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on activated partial thromboplastin time waveform analysis, serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations

Abstract Introduction Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent condition after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and makes conventional biological tests fail to detect postoperative sepsis. Biphasic waveform (BPW) analysis is a new biological test derived from activated partial thromboplastin time that has recently been proposed for sepsis diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of BPW to detect sepsis after cardiac surgery under CPB. Methods We conducted a prospective study in American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) physical status III and IV patients referred for cardiac surgery under CPB. Procalcitonin (PCT) and BPW were recorded before surgery and every day during the first week following surgery. Patients were then divided into three groups: patients presenting no SIRS, patients presenting with non-septic SIRS and patients presenting with sepsis. Results Thirty two patients were included. SIRS occurred in 16 patients (50%) including 5 sepsis (16%) and 11 (34%) non-septic SIRS. PCT and BPW were significantly increased in SIRS patients compared to no SIRS patients (0.9 [0.5-2.2] vs. 8.1 [2.0-21.3] ng/l for PCT and 0.10 [0.09-0.14] vs. 0.29 [0.16-0.56] %T/s for BPW; P < 0.05 for both). We observed no difference in peak PCT value between the sepsis group and the non-septic SIRS group (8.4 [7.5-32.2] vs. 7.8 [1.9-17.5] ng/l; P = 0.67). On the other hand, we found that BPW was significantly higher in the sepsis group compared to the non-septic SIRS group (0.57 [0.54-0.78] vs. 0.19 [0.14-0.29] %T/s; P < 0.01). We found that a BPW threshold value of 0.465%T/s was able to discriminate between sepsis and non-septic SIRS groups with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93% (area under the curve: 0.948 +/- 0.039; P < 0.01). Applying the previously published threshold of 0.25%T/s, we found a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 72% to discriminate between these two groups. Neither C-reactive protein (CRP) nor PCT had significant predictive value (area under the curve for CRP was 0.659 +/- 0.142; P = 0.26 and area under the curve for PCT was 0.704 +/- 0.133; P = 0.15). Conclusions BPW has potential clinical applications for sepsis diagnosis in the postoperative period following cardiac surgery under CPB

Effets d'une expérimentation d'enseignement interdisciplinaire sur la motivation des étudiants et des professeurs

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et des Sports dans le cadre du programme de recherche et d'expérimentation du réseau privé de l'enseignement collégial (PREP) et par l'Association des collèges privés du Québec

Effets d'une expérimentation d'enseignement interdisciplinaire sur la motivation des étudiants et des professeurs : rapport de recherche ACPQ /

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et des Sports dans le cadre du programme de recherche et d'expérimentation du réseau privé de l'enseignement collégial (PREP) et par l'Association des collèges privés du Québec

Technical Report: Co-learning of geometry and semantics for online 3D mapping

This paper is a technical report about our submission for the ECCV 2018 3DRMS Workshop Challenge on Semantic 3D Reconstruction \cite{Tylecek2018rms}. In this paper, we address 3D semantic reconstruction for autonomous navigation using co-learning of depth map and semantic segmentation. The core of our pipeline is a deep multi-task neural network which tightly refines depth and also produces accurate semantic segmentation maps. Its inputs are an image and a raw depth map produced from a pair of images by standard stereo vision. The resulting semantic 3D point clouds are then merged in order to create a consistent 3D mesh, in turn used to produce dense semantic 3D reconstruction maps. The performances of each step of the proposed method are evaluated on the dataset and multiple tasks of the 3DRMS Challenge, and repeatedly surpass state-of-the-art approaches