43 research outputs found
Linear classification of chairlift images for presence analysis
Conférence Quality Control by Artificial Vision (QCAV) 2019, Mulhouse, France, 15-17 MaiInternational audienc
Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
A propos de l'atteinte macrovasculaire de la Sclérodermie systémique : revue de la littérature et étude SCLEROMACROVASC
ThĂšse prĂ©sentĂ©e sous la forme d'une "ThĂšse Article"Introduction : bien que la SclĂ©rodermie systĂ©mique (ScS) soit une maladie du rĂ©seau microvasculaire, certains patients prĂ©sentent des complications macrovasculaires graves : coronaropathie, accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral et artĂ©riopathie oblitĂ©rante des membres infĂ©rieurs. Lâocclusion de lâartĂšre ulnaire est dĂ©crite chez les patients ScS, alors que lâatteinte macrovasculaire des membres infĂ©rieurs est beaucoup moins rapportĂ©e. Elle peut conduire Ă une ischĂ©mie critique avec des Ă©checs de revascularisation et une amputation. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer les caractĂ©ristiques de patients atteints de ScS souffrant dâune amputation dâun segment de membre infĂ©rieur, afin dâidentifier des facteurs de risque associĂ©s. MatĂ©riels et MĂ©thodes : nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective, cas-tĂ©moins, multicentrique au sein du GFRS, aprĂšs avis favorable de la CNIL et du ComitĂ© dâEthique. Chaque patient atteint de ScS ayant subi une amputation dâun segment dâun membre infĂ©rieur secondaire Ă une ischĂ©mie critique Ă©tait appariĂ© sur le sexe, lâĂąge (±5 ans) et la forme cutanĂ©e Ă un autre patient ScS sans atteinte macrovasculaire clinique des membres infĂ©rieurs. RĂ©sultats : vingt-six patients ScS avec amputation dâun segment de membre infĂ©rieur ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. LâĂąge moyen Ă©tait de 67,2 ans (±10,9), 20 femmes et 5 formes cutanĂ©e diffuse. Le groupe tĂ©moin comportait 26 patients ScS sans atteinte macrovasculaire. Les patients ScS avec amputation avaient une durĂ©e dâĂ©volution de la maladie plus Ă©levĂ©e (15,8±9,4 vs 7,4±5.9 ans), plus dâUD (p=0,048), et plus dâantĂ©cĂ©dents dâUD (p=0,026) que le groupe tĂ©moin. Ils avaient Ă©galement un score de Medsger plus Ă©levĂ©, sans tenir compte de lâitem « vasculaire » (p=0,02), du fait dâune prĂ©valence plus Ă©levĂ©e de lâhypertension pulmonaire (HTP) (p<0,001) et dâune DLCO plus basse (p=0,013). Concernant les facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires (FRCV), les patients ScS avec amputation Ă©taient plus souvent fumeurs (p=0,08), et avaient plus souvent un antĂ©cĂ©dent de maladie cardiovasculaire (p<0,001). Lâutilisation de corticoĂŻdes Ă©tait plus frĂ©quente dans le groupe des cas (p=0,015). Dans le modĂšle multivariĂ©, lâHTP, le tabac et les corticoĂŻdes Ă©taient des marqueurs indĂ©pendants associĂ©s Ă lâamputation. Vingt-quatre sur vingt-cinq (96%) patients ScS amputĂ©s avaient un ulcĂšre des membres infĂ©rieurs. Le dĂ©lai mĂ©dian dâamputation au moment de lâapparition de lâulcĂšre Ă©tait de 6 mois [0.5-203]. Lâamputation Ă©tait dâemblĂ©e bilatĂ©rale pour 4/26 patients (15,4%). Les principales artĂšres atteintes Ă©taient les artĂšres fĂ©morales superficielles (22,8%), tibiales antĂ©rieures (21,5%) et tibiales postĂ©rieures (22,8%). LâilomĂ©dine Ă©tait prescrite chez 15/24 patients (62,5%). Une chirurgie endovasculaire ou conventionnelle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e respectivement dans 12/25 (48%) et 10/25 (40%) des cas. On notait une rĂ©cidive ischĂ©mique ayant nĂ©cessitĂ© une nouvelle amputation homolatĂ©rale chez 10/26 patients (38,5%). Une amputation controlatĂ©rale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 5/26 patients (19,2%) dans le suivi. Six patients sont dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s (23%), dont 2 rapidement aprĂšs la chirurgie. Conclusion : il sâagit de la plus grande population de patients ScS avec amputation dâun segment dâun membre infĂ©rieur et la premiĂšre comportant un groupe tĂ©moin sclĂ©rodermique. Lâamputation est une complication plutĂŽt tardive de la maladie. En comparaison au groupe tĂ©moin, lâHTP, le tabac et lâutilisation de corticoĂŻdes apparaissent comme des marqueurs indĂ©pendants associĂ©s Ă lâamputation. Il est important de dĂ©tecter et corriger les FRCV des patients ScS, particuliĂšrement le tabac, et de ne jamais nĂ©gliger un trouble trophique du membre infĂ©rieur. La place du dĂ©pistage de la macroangiopathie par Ă©cho-Doppler artĂ©riel des membres infĂ©rieurs devra ĂȘtre Ă©valuĂ©e dans le suivi de la ScS
Localisation spatio-temporelle des véhicules de remontées mécaniques
International audienceLa sociĂ©tĂ© grenobloise Bluecime a dĂ©veloppĂ© un systĂšme de vision destinĂ© Ă renforcer la sĂ©curitĂ© des skieurs sur les tĂ©lĂ©siĂšges. Toutefois, la configuration dâune telle solution requiert une expertise humaine. Nous prĂ©sentons dans cet article une mĂ©thodologie, basĂ©e sur la dĂ©formation optique, permettant de modĂ©liser la trajectoire des vĂ©hicules Ă lâembarquement dâune remontĂ©e mĂ©canique sous la forme dâun tube spatio-temporel. Cela autorise par la suite une localisation prĂ©cise et en temps-rĂ©el des siĂšges Ă lâintĂ©rieur de ce dernier. Lâapproche proposĂ©e, robuste aux variations de lumiĂšre grĂące aux propriĂ©tĂ©s de la dĂ©formation optique, fournit des rĂ©sultats prometteurs en plus dâĂȘtre totalement automatique
Contour Detection of Multiple Moving Objects inUnconstrained Scenes using Optical Strain
International audienceMoving Object Detection (MOD) is still an activearea of research due to the amount of scenarios it can tackleand the different characteristics that may appear in them.Therefore, getting a unique method that performs well in allthe situations becomes a challenging task. In this paper weaddress theMODproblem from a physical point of view: giventhe optical flow between two images, we propose to find itsmotion-boundaries by means of the optical strain, which givesinformation about the deformation of any vector field. As opticalstrain detects all the motions from a sequence, we propose towork on temporal windows and apply thresholding on them inorder to separate noise from real motion. The proposed approachshows competitive results when compared to other methods onknown datasets
Large Eddy Simulation of rich ammonia/hydrogen/air combustion in a gas turbine burner
Ammonia and hydrogen are promoted as potential energy carriers for centralized energy restitution. This article investigates ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed turbulent combustion, using Large-Eddy Simulations, in an academic atmospheric gas turbine swirled burner. A one-dimensional flame analysis demonstrates the existence of a trade-off in NOX and NH3 emissions for ammonia/hydrogen blends, and the possibility to obtain 1D flame propagation characteristics close to that of a lean methane flame by adjusting the amount of H2. Large-Eddy Simulations of the PRECCINSTA burner exhibit stable combustion, while the optimized trade-off equivalence ratio is pinpointed at Ï=1.46 for XH2Fuel=0.46. Corresponding emissions are XNOXâXNH3â300 ppmv. Large amounts of hydrogen are found in the exhaust gases, inducing a low combustion efficiency. The flame structure, combustion dynamics, influence of kinetics modelling and mesh resolution are discussed. This work paves the way for future studies, in the perspective of applications to industrial systems.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe