123 research outputs found

    Az ige történeti morfoszintaxisa az iberoromån nyelvekben = Iberoromance Historical Syntax

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    A kutatĂĄsok cĂ©lja a morfolĂłgia Ă©s a szintaxis, valamint a szinkrĂłnia Ă©s a diakrĂłnia közötti összefĂŒggĂ©sekre vonatkozĂł ismereteink mĂ©lyĂ­tĂ©se az ibĂ©riai neolatin nyelvek igerendszerĂ©t –kĂŒlönösen a perfektum Ă©s a futurum analitikus kifejezĂ©sĂ©t– Ă©rintƑ nyelvtani vĂĄltozĂĄsok törtĂ©neti-összehasonlĂ­tĂł mĂłdszerrel törtĂ©nƑ vizsgĂĄlata sorĂĄn. Az elemzĂ©st a XIII. Ă©s a XVII. szĂĄzad ĂĄltal hatĂĄrolt idƑszakbĂłl szĂĄrmazĂł spanyol, portugĂĄl Ă©s katalĂĄn nyelvƱ, kĂŒlönbözƑ stilisztikai Ă©s mƱfaji tĂ­pusokhoz tartozĂł, nagyrĂ©szt prĂłzai szövegekbƑl ĂĄllĂł korpuszon vĂ©geztĂŒk. A kigyƱjtött igei szerkezetek rendszerezƑ Ă©s statisztikai analĂ­zise az alĂĄbbi eredmĂ©nyeket hozta. 1. Az IbĂ©riai-fĂ©lsziget Ășjlatin nyelveiben az összetett perfektumok Ă©s az analitikus jövƑ idƑ fejlƑdĂ©se mĂĄs nyelvek esetĂ©hez hasonlĂłan jĂłl illeszkedik abba az elkĂ©pzelĂ©sbe, amely a szintetikus Ă©s analitikus formĂĄk ciklikus vĂĄltakozĂĄsĂĄt feltĂ©telezi. 2. A korai szövegekre valamennyi vizsgĂĄlt nyelvben jellemzƑbb szintaktikai vĂĄltozatossĂĄg mĂ©rtĂ©ke szövegtĂ­pusonkĂ©nt eltĂ©rƑ: gyakorisĂĄga a jogi szövegekben elenyĂ©szƑ, a szĂ©pirodalmi prĂłzĂĄban magasabb. A szĂłbelisĂ©ggel összefĂŒggĂ©sbe hozhatĂł szövegek adatai alapjĂĄn nĂ©hĂĄny ĂșjĂ­tĂĄs datĂĄlĂĄsa az eddigi elkĂ©pzelĂ©seknĂ©l korĂĄbbra tehetƑ. 3. A kĂŒlönbözƑ nyelvvĂĄltozatokat figyelembe vĂ©ve a katalĂĄn megƑriz nĂ©mi hasonlĂłsĂĄgot mĂĄs, nem ibĂ©riai nyelvekkel, noha ma a beszĂ©lt köznyelv tekintetĂ©ben viselkedĂ©se a spanyol Ă©s a portugĂĄl jellemzƑivel nagyjĂĄbĂłl megegyezik. | The aim of the research was to deepen our knowledge of the correlation between morphology and syntax, synchrony and diachrony through the examination of the verb system of the Iberian Romance languages, with special regard to the analytic expression of the perfectum and the futurum, by applying a historical-comparative method. The analysis was made on corpora in Spa[nish], Por[tuguese] and Cat[alan] dating from the 13th to the 17th century; they are mainly works in prose and heterogeneous in style and genre. The systematizing and statistical analyses of the verb structures gathered from the corpus show the following results. 1. Similarly to the case of other languages, the forming and development of the compound perfecta and the analytic future in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula fit well into the concept of a cyclical alternation of synthetic and analytic forms. 2. The proportion of syntactic diversity more characteristic in the earlier texts in all languages examined is different in each genre: its frequency in legal texts is insignificant, while in literary prose it is higher. On the basis of the data acquired from texts that can be correlated with orality, some innovations may be dated earlier than it has been thought. 3. Examining different variations of the language, the Cat preserves some similarities to other non-Iberian languages; although considering today’s colloquial speech, its characteristics generally coincide with those of Spa and Por

    Morfoszintaktikai vĂĄltozĂĄsok a XV. Ă©s XVI. szĂĄzadi iberoromĂĄn nyelvekben = Morphosyntactic Changes in the Iberoromanic Languages of the XV th and XVI th Centuries.

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    A kutatĂĄsok cĂ©lja az ibĂ©riai neolatin nyelvek –eddig csak kĂŒlön-kĂŒlön vizsgĂĄlt– fƑnĂ©vi Ă©s mellĂ©knĂ©vi igeneves szerkezeteiben a XV. szĂĄzadtĂłl mutatkozĂł szĂłrendi vĂĄltozĂĄsok összehasonlĂ­tĂł elemzĂ©se volt. A közĂ©pkori –XIII-XIV. szĂĄzadi– Ă©s preklasszikus –XV. Ă©s rĂ©szben XVI. szĂĄzadi– spanyol, portugĂĄl Ă©s katalĂĄn nyelvƱ, kĂŒlönbözƑ mƱfajĂș szövegekbƑl ĂĄllĂł, mintegy 210.000 szĂł terjedelmƱ prĂłzai korpuszbĂłl kigyƱjtött körĂŒlbelĂŒl 6400 szerkezet rendszerezƑ Ă©s statisztikai analĂ­zise az alĂĄbbi eredmĂ©nyeket hozta. A vizsgĂĄlt fƑnĂ©vi Ă©s mellĂ©knĂ©vi szerkezetek fejlƑdĂ©sĂ©ben pĂĄrhuzamok mutathatĂłk ki. Az igei összetevƑknek a közĂ©pkori ĂĄllapotban szabadabb sorrendje mindkĂ©t esetben az Ășn. V2 szĂłrendnek tulajdonĂ­thatĂł. A mai ĂĄllapotra jellemzƑ kötött rend –és ezzel összefĂŒggĂ©sben az archaizĂĄlĂł struktĂșrĂĄk eltƱnĂ©se– a V2 rendszert felvĂĄltĂł SVO szĂłrend kialakulĂĄsĂĄval jött lĂ©tre. A korai szövegekre jellemzƑ archaikus struktĂșrĂĄk megoszlĂĄsa mind a közĂ©pkori, mind a preklasszikus nyelvĂĄllapotban szövegtĂ­pusonkĂ©nt eltĂ©rƑ: gyakorisĂĄguk a jogi szövegekben elenyĂ©szƑ, a szĂ©pirodalmi prĂłzĂĄban magasabb. Ez az összetevƑk felszĂ­ni sorrendjĂ©ben is megmutatkozĂł kĂŒlönbözƑ diszkurzĂ­v funkciĂłkkal magyarĂĄzhatĂł. Az archaikus struktĂșrĂĄk gyakorisĂĄga a XV. szĂĄzadi szövegekben –fƑkĂ©nt a humanista szerzƑk irodalmi mƱveiben– valamivel magasabb, mint az elƑzƑ idƑszakban. Ez azonban nem a mondatszerkezet termĂ©szetes fejlƑdĂ©sĂ©vel magyarĂĄzhatĂł, hanem az akkor divatos latinizĂĄlĂł stĂ­lusnak tulajdonĂ­thatĂł. | The aim has been to give a comparative analysis of the word order changes in the Iberian Romance languages taking place from the 15th century, in structures with the infinitive or the participle; these have only been studied separately before. The systematic and statistical frequency analysis of the approximately 640 structures taken from a prosaic corpus of about 210.000 words of Medieval (13th-14th c.) and Pre-classic (15th-16th c.) Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan texts of different genres has shown the following results: Parallelisms can be traced in the development of the examined structures. The freer word order in medieval times can be attributed in both cases to 'word order V2'. The order of the structures today – and the disappearance of the archaizing structures – took shape when the V2 system gave place to the word order SVO. The frequency of the archaic structures, characteristic of these early texts, depends on the type of text analyzed in both states of the language: they appear very rarely in legal texts, while their frequency in literary prose is higher. This can be attributed to the different discursive functions also present in the superficial order of components. The frequency of the archaic structures in 15th century texts – especially in literary texts – is higher than in the period before. However, this cannot be explained by the natural development of sentence structure; rather it is due to the Latinizing style fashionable at the time

    A new occurrence of a classic "Árpåd-type" mollusc fauna from the Upper Miocene of Kozårmisleny, southern Hungary

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    A classic but very rare “ÁrpĂĄd-type”mollusc assemblage, representing the endemic fauna of the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene Lake Pannon, was discovered in KozĂĄrmisleny (near PĂ©cs, southern Hungary). The fossils were collected from silt layers deposited in the shallow sublittoral zone of Lake Pannon, exposed in an 8–10 m high road cut. The assemblage contained some very rare species, including the type species of the genus Lymnocardium, L. haueri (M. HÖRNES). Palynological investigations from the same layers failed to yield age-diagnostic dinofl agellates, and pointed to a brackish – freshwater depositional environment and warm temperate climate
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