123 research outputs found
Az ige történeti morfoszintaxisa az iberoromån nyelvekben = Iberoromance Historical Syntax
A kutatĂĄsok cĂ©lja a morfolĂłgia Ă©s a szintaxis, valamint a szinkrĂłnia Ă©s a diakrĂłnia közötti összefĂŒggĂ©sekre vonatkozĂł ismereteink mĂ©lyĂtĂ©se az ibĂ©riai neolatin nyelvek igerendszerĂ©t âkĂŒlönösen a perfektum Ă©s a futurum analitikus kifejezĂ©sĂ©tâ Ă©rintĆ nyelvtani vĂĄltozĂĄsok törtĂ©neti-összehasonlĂtĂł mĂłdszerrel törtĂ©nĆ vizsgĂĄlata sorĂĄn. Az elemzĂ©st a XIII. Ă©s a XVII. szĂĄzad ĂĄltal hatĂĄrolt idĆszakbĂłl szĂĄrmazĂł spanyol, portugĂĄl Ă©s katalĂĄn nyelvƱ, kĂŒlönbözĆ stilisztikai Ă©s mƱfaji tĂpusokhoz tartozĂł, nagyrĂ©szt prĂłzai szövegekbĆl ĂĄllĂł korpuszon vĂ©geztĂŒk. A kigyƱjtött igei szerkezetek rendszerezĆ Ă©s statisztikai analĂzise az alĂĄbbi eredmĂ©nyeket hozta. 1. Az IbĂ©riai-fĂ©lsziget Ășjlatin nyelveiben az összetett perfektumok Ă©s az analitikus jövĆ idĆ fejlĆdĂ©se mĂĄs nyelvek esetĂ©hez hasonlĂłan jĂłl illeszkedik abba az elkĂ©pzelĂ©sbe, amely a szintetikus Ă©s analitikus formĂĄk ciklikus vĂĄltakozĂĄsĂĄt feltĂ©telezi. 2. A korai szövegekre valamennyi vizsgĂĄlt nyelvben jellemzĆbb szintaktikai vĂĄltozatossĂĄg mĂ©rtĂ©ke szövegtĂpusonkĂ©nt eltĂ©rĆ: gyakorisĂĄga a jogi szövegekben elenyĂ©szĆ, a szĂ©pirodalmi prĂłzĂĄban magasabb. A szĂłbelisĂ©ggel összefĂŒggĂ©sbe hozhatĂł szövegek adatai alapjĂĄn nĂ©hĂĄny ĂșjĂtĂĄs datĂĄlĂĄsa az eddigi elkĂ©pzelĂ©seknĂ©l korĂĄbbra tehetĆ. 3. A kĂŒlönbözĆ nyelvvĂĄltozatokat figyelembe vĂ©ve a katalĂĄn megĆriz nĂ©mi hasonlĂłsĂĄgot mĂĄs, nem ibĂ©riai nyelvekkel, noha ma a beszĂ©lt köznyelv tekintetĂ©ben viselkedĂ©se a spanyol Ă©s a portugĂĄl jellemzĆivel nagyjĂĄbĂłl megegyezik. | The aim of the research was to deepen our knowledge of the correlation between morphology and syntax, synchrony and diachrony through the examination of the verb system of the Iberian Romance languages, with special regard to the analytic expression of the perfectum and the futurum, by applying a historical-comparative method. The analysis was made on corpora in Spa[nish], Por[tuguese] and Cat[alan] dating from the 13th to the 17th century; they are mainly works in prose and heterogeneous in style and genre. The systematizing and statistical analyses of the verb structures gathered from the corpus show the following results. 1. Similarly to the case of other languages, the forming and development of the compound perfecta and the analytic future in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula fit well into the concept of a cyclical alternation of synthetic and analytic forms. 2. The proportion of syntactic diversity more characteristic in the earlier texts in all languages examined is different in each genre: its frequency in legal texts is insignificant, while in literary prose it is higher. On the basis of the data acquired from texts that can be correlated with orality, some innovations may be dated earlier than it has been thought. 3. Examining different variations of the language, the Cat preserves some similarities to other non-Iberian languages; although considering todayâs colloquial speech, its characteristics generally coincide with those of Spa and Por
Morfoszintaktikai vĂĄltozĂĄsok a XV. Ă©s XVI. szĂĄzadi iberoromĂĄn nyelvekben = Morphosyntactic Changes in the Iberoromanic Languages of the XV th and XVI th Centuries.
A kutatĂĄsok cĂ©lja az ibĂ©riai neolatin nyelvek âeddig csak kĂŒlön-kĂŒlön vizsgĂĄltâ fĆnĂ©vi Ă©s mellĂ©knĂ©vi igeneves szerkezeteiben a XV. szĂĄzadtĂłl mutatkozĂł szĂłrendi vĂĄltozĂĄsok összehasonlĂtĂł elemzĂ©se volt. A közĂ©pkori âXIII-XIV. szĂĄzadiâ Ă©s preklasszikus âXV. Ă©s rĂ©szben XVI. szĂĄzadiâ spanyol, portugĂĄl Ă©s katalĂĄn nyelvƱ, kĂŒlönbözĆ mƱfajĂș szövegekbĆl ĂĄllĂł, mintegy 210.000 szĂł terjedelmƱ prĂłzai korpuszbĂłl kigyƱjtött körĂŒlbelĂŒl 6400 szerkezet rendszerezĆ Ă©s statisztikai analĂzise az alĂĄbbi eredmĂ©nyeket hozta. A vizsgĂĄlt fĆnĂ©vi Ă©s mellĂ©knĂ©vi szerkezetek fejlĆdĂ©sĂ©ben pĂĄrhuzamok mutathatĂłk ki. Az igei összetevĆknek a közĂ©pkori ĂĄllapotban szabadabb sorrendje mindkĂ©t esetben az Ășn. V2 szĂłrendnek tulajdonĂthatĂł. A mai ĂĄllapotra jellemzĆ kötött rend âĂ©s ezzel összefĂŒggĂ©sben az archaizĂĄlĂł struktĂșrĂĄk eltƱnĂ©seâ a V2 rendszert felvĂĄltĂł SVO szĂłrend kialakulĂĄsĂĄval jött lĂ©tre. A korai szövegekre jellemzĆ archaikus struktĂșrĂĄk megoszlĂĄsa mind a közĂ©pkori, mind a preklasszikus nyelvĂĄllapotban szövegtĂpusonkĂ©nt eltĂ©rĆ: gyakorisĂĄguk a jogi szövegekben elenyĂ©szĆ, a szĂ©pirodalmi prĂłzĂĄban magasabb. Ez az összetevĆk felszĂni sorrendjĂ©ben is megmutatkozĂł kĂŒlönbözĆ diszkurzĂv funkciĂłkkal magyarĂĄzhatĂł. Az archaikus struktĂșrĂĄk gyakorisĂĄga a XV. szĂĄzadi szövegekben âfĆkĂ©nt a humanista szerzĆk irodalmi mƱveibenâ valamivel magasabb, mint az elĆzĆ idĆszakban. Ez azonban nem a mondatszerkezet termĂ©szetes fejlĆdĂ©sĂ©vel magyarĂĄzhatĂł, hanem az akkor divatos latinizĂĄlĂł stĂlusnak tulajdonĂthatĂł. | The aim has been to give a comparative analysis of the word order changes in the Iberian Romance languages taking place from the 15th century, in structures with the infinitive or the participle; these have only been studied separately before. The systematic and statistical frequency analysis of the approximately 640 structures taken from a prosaic corpus of about 210.000 words of Medieval (13th-14th c.) and Pre-classic (15th-16th c.) Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan texts of different genres has shown the following results: Parallelisms can be traced in the development of the examined structures. The freer word order in medieval times can be attributed in both cases to 'word order V2'. The order of the structures today â and the disappearance of the archaizing structures â took shape when the V2 system gave place to the word order SVO. The frequency of the archaic structures, characteristic of these early texts, depends on the type of text analyzed in both states of the language: they appear very rarely in legal texts, while their frequency in literary prose is higher. This can be attributed to the different discursive functions also present in the superficial order of components. The frequency of the archaic structures in 15th century texts â especially in literary texts â is higher than in the period before. However, this cannot be explained by the natural development of sentence structure; rather it is due to the Latinizing style fashionable at the time
A new occurrence of a classic "ĂrpĂĄd-type" mollusc fauna from the Upper Miocene of KozĂĄrmisleny, southern Hungary
A classic but very rare âĂrpĂĄd-typeâmollusc assemblage, representing the endemic fauna of the Late MioceneâEarly
Pliocene Lake Pannon, was discovered in KozĂĄrmisleny (near PĂ©cs, southern Hungary). The fossils were collected
from silt layers deposited in the shallow sublittoral zone of Lake Pannon, exposed in an 8â10 m high road cut. The
assemblage contained some very rare species, including the type species of the genus Lymnocardium, L. haueri (M.
HĂRNES). Palynological investigations from the same layers failed to yield age-diagnostic dinofl agellates, and
pointed to a brackish â freshwater depositional environment and warm temperate climate
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