19,096 research outputs found
The Amorphous-Crystal Interface in Silicon: a Tight-Binding Simulation
The structural features of the interface between the cystalline and amorphous
phases of Si solid are studied in simulations based on a combination of
empirical interatomic potentials and a nonorthogonal tight-binding model. The
tight-binding Hamiltonian was created and tested for the types of structures
and distortions anticipated to occur at this interface. The simulations
indicate the presence of a number of interesting features near the interface.
The features that may lead to crystallization upon heating include chains
with some defects, most prominently dimers similar to those on the Si(001) 2x1
reconstructed free surface. Within the amorphous region order is lost over very
short distances. By examining six different samples with two interfaces each,
we find the energy of the amorphous-crystal interface to be 0.49 +/- 0.05 J/m^2Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
The Limit Behavior Of The Trajectories of Dissipative Quadratic Stochastic Operators on Finite Dimensional Simplex
The limit behavior of trajectories of dissipative quadratic stochastic
operators on a finite-dimensional simplex is fully studied. It is shown that
any dissipative quadratic stochastic operator has either unique or infinitely
many fixed points. If dissipative quadratic stochastic operator has a unique
point, it is proven that the operator is regular at this fixed point. If it has
infinitely many fixed points, then it is shown that limit set of the
trajectory is contained in the set of fixed points.Comment: 14 pages, accepted in Difference Eq. App
Detection of Anomalous Reactor Activity Using Antineutrino Count Rate Evolution Over the Course of a Reactor Cycle
This paper analyzes the sensitivity of antineutrino count rate measurements
to changes in the fissile content of civil power reactors. Such measurements
may be useful in IAEA reactor safeguards applications. We introduce a
hypothesis testing procedure to identify statistically significant differences
between the antineutrino count rate evolution of a standard 'baseline' fuel
cycle and that of an anomalous cycle, in which plutonium is removed and
replaced with an equivalent fissile worth of uranium. The test would allow an
inspector to detect anomalous reactor activity, or to positively confirm that
the reactor is operating in a manner consistent with its declared fuel
inventory and power level. We show that with a reasonable choice of detector
parameters, the test can detect replacement of 73 kg of plutonium in 90 days
with 95% probability, while controlling the false positive rate at 5%. We show
that some improvement on this level of sensitivity may be expected by various
means, including use of the method in conjunction with existing reactor
safeguards methods. We also identify a necessary and sufficient daily
antineutrino count rate to achieve the quoted sensitivity, and list examples of
detectors in which such rates have been attained.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Appl. Phy
Comments on the Relativity of Shape
In this talk I address three topics related to the shape of hadrons:
1. The Lorentz contraction of bound states. Few dedicated studies of this
exist - I describe a recent calculation for ordinary atoms (positronium).
2. Does the A-dependence of nuclear structure functions indicate a change of
proton shape in the nuclear environment? (My short answer is no.)
3. The size of Fock states contributing to processes involving large momentum
transfers. End-point configurations can be transversally extended and yet
sufficiently short-lived to contribute coherently to hard scattering.Comment: Talk at the Workshop on the Shape of Hadrons, 27-29 April 2006 in
Athens, Greece. 11 pages, 15 figure
Utility Rate Regulation: The Little Locomotive That Couldn’t
The thesis of this Article is that rate base regulation is a vestigial remnant of nineteenth-century jurisprudential notions that have since been repudiated by the Supreme Court. In addition, this kind of regulation serves no beneficial purpose in today\u27s society and should be discarded in favor of more meaningful rate appraisal standards
Analytical Galaxy Profiles for Photometric and Lensing Analysis
This article introduces a family of analytical functions of the form x^{\nu}
K_{\nu}(x), where K_{\nu} is the incomplete Bessel function of the third kind.
This family of functions can describe the density profile, projected and
integrated light profiles and the gravitational potentials of galaxies. For the
proper choice of parameters, these functions accurately approximate Sersic
functions over a range of indices and are good fits to galaxy light profiles.
With an additional parameter corresponding to a galaxy core radius, these
functions can fit galaxy like M87 over a factor of 100,000 in radius. Unlike
Sersic profiles, these functions have simple analytical 2-dimensional and
3-dimensional Fourier transforms, so they are easily convolved with spatially
varying point spread function and are well suited for photometric and lensing
analysis. We use these functions to estimate the effects of seeing on lensing
measurements and show that high S/N measurements, even when the PSF is larger
than the galaxy effective radius, should be able to recover accurate estimates
of lensing distortions by weighting light in the outer isophotes that are less
effected by seeing
Electroweak interactions in a relativistic Fermi gas
We present a relativistic model for computing the neutrino mean free path in
neutron matter. Thereby, neutron matter is described as a non-interacting Fermi
gas in beta-equilibrium. We present results for the neutrino mean free path for
temperatures from 0 up to 50 MeV and a broad range of neutrino energies. We
show that relativistic effects cause a considerable enhancement of
neutrino-scattering cross-sections in neutron matter. The influence of the
-dependence in the electroweak form factors and the inclusion of a weak
magnetic term in the hadron current is discussed. The weak-magnetic term in the
hadron current is at the origin of some selective spin dependence for the
nucleons which are subject to neutrino interactions.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. C, minor changes and
updates of the figures are mad
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