114 research outputs found
Measuring analyticity and syntheticity in creoles
Creoles (here including expanded pidgins) are commonly viewed as being more analytic than their lexifiers and other languages in terms of grammatical marking. The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine the validity of this view by measuring the frequency of analytic (and synthetic) markers in corpora of two different English-lexified creoles - Tok Pisin and Hawai'i Creole- and comparing the quantitative results with those for other language varieties. To measure token frequency, 1,000 randomly selected words in each creole corpus were tagged with regard to word class, and categorized as being analytic, synthetic, both analytic and synthetic, or purely lexical. On this basis, an Analyticity Index and a Syntheticity Index were calculated. These were first compared to indices for other languages and then to L1 varieties of English (e.g. standard British and American English and British dialects) and L2 varieties (e.g. Singapore English and Hong Kong English). Type frequency was determined by the size of the inventories of analytic and synthetic markers used in the corpora, and similar comparisons were made. The results show that in terms of both token and type frequency of grammatical markers, the creoles are not more analytic than the other varieties. However, they are significantly less synthetic, resulting in much higher ratios of analytic to synthetic marking. An explanation for this finding relates to the particular strategy for grammatical expansion used by individuals when the creoles were developing
D-Brane Scattering of N=2 Strings
The amplitudes for emission and scattering of N=2 strings off D-branes are
calculated. We consider in detail the amplitudes and for the
different types of D-branes. For some D-branes we find massive poles in the
scattering spectrum that are absent in the ordinary N=2 spectrum.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
An integrated architecture for shallow and deep processing
We present an architecture for the integration of shallow and deep NLP components which is aimed at flexible combination of different language technologies for a range of practical current and future applications. In particular, we describe the integration of a high-level HPSG parsing system with different high-performance shallow components, ranging from named entity recognition to chunk parsing and shallow clause recognition. The NLP components enrich a representation of natural language text with layers of new XML meta-information using a single shared data structure, called the text chart. We describe details of the integration methods, and show how information extraction and language checking applications for realworld German text benefit from a deep grammatical analysis
Berufliche oder akademische Bildung - Übergangsverhalten im Rahmen der Fachschule Technik
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich erstens mit den Motiven und Interessen von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Fachschule Technik im Spannungsfeld zwischen postsekundärer Berufsbildung und akademischer Weiterbildung. Die Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, warum sich trotz bestehender akademischer Bildungsoptionen beruflich Qualifizierte aus dem gewerblich-technischen Bereich für einen beruflichen Bildungsweg und nicht für ein Studium entscheiden. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung werden die motivationalen und interessenbezogenen Merkmale von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Fachschule Technik (N = 716) mit den Schwerpunkten Bau- und Maschinenbautechnik analysiert (Studie 1). Da davon auszugehen ist, dass entsprechende Bildungswahlentscheidungen auch vom aktuellen Arbeitsmarkt beeinflusst sind, wird zweitens in einer Stellenanzeigenanalyse (Studie 2) und einer Arbeitsmarktdatenanalyse in den Bundesländern Baden-Württemberg, Bayern und Hessen (Studie 3) systematisch untersucht, wie sich die berufliche Konkurrenz- und Beschäftigungssituation von Technikern darstellt.Schlüsselwörter: Postsekundäre Weiterbildung, Wiedereinstieg, Übergangsverhalten, Techniker, Fachschul
An HSPG-to-CFG Approximation of Japanese
We present a simple approximation method for turning a Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar into a context-free grammar. The approximation method can be seen as the construction of the least fixpoint of a certain monotonic function. We discuss an experiment with a large HPSG for Japanese
R-parity violation effect on the top-quark pair production at linear colliders
We investigate in detail the effects of the R-parity lepton number violation
in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) on the top-quark pair
production via both and collision modes at the linear
colliders. We find that with the present experimental constrained
parameters, the effect from interactions on the processes
and could be
significant and may reach -30% and several percent, respectively. Our results
show that the effects are sensitive to the c.m.s. energy and the
relevant parameters. However, they are not sensitive to squark and
slepton masses when (or ) and are almost independent on the Comment: Accepted by Phys.Rev.
The SUSY EW-like corrections to top pair production in photon-photon collisions
We studied the one-loop contributions of the gaugino-Higgsino-sector to the
process of top-pair production via fusion at NLC in frame of
the Minimal Supersymmetric Model(MSSM). We find that the corrections to and are found to
be significant and can approach to a few percent and one percent, respectively.
Furthermore, the dependences of the corrections on the supersymmetric
parameters are also investigated. The corrections are not sensitive to
(or ) when
(or ) and are weakly dependent on the with
(or ) being large enough. But they are sensitive to the c.m.s.
energy of the incoming photons.Comment: LaTex, 33 pages, 8 Eps figuer
Supersymmetric Electroweak Corrections to the Higgs Boson Decays into Chargino or Neutralino Pair
We investigate the supersymmetric electroweak corrections to the decay widths
of the CP-odd and the heavy CP-even Higgs bosons into chargino or neutralino
pair in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The
corrections involve the contributions of the order , and . The detailed calculations of the electroweak corrections to the
following decay processes: and
are presented in this paper. We
find that these relative corrections maybe rather large quantitatively, and can
exceed 10% in some regions of parameter space. The corrections to the decay
can be obtained analogously,
but our results show that they are very small and can be neglected.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures,accepted by Physical Review
German Multicenter Study Analyzing Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam of Clinical Meropenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Using a Commercially Available Broth Microdilution Assay
Multidrug resistance is an emerging healthcare issue, especially concerning Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this multicenter study, P. aeruginosa isolates with resistance against meropenem detected by
routine methods were collected and tested for carbapenemase production and susceptibility against
ceftazidime-avibactam. Meropenem-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa from various clinical materials
were collected at 11 tertiary care hospitals in Germany from 2017–2019. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined via microdilution plates (MICRONAUT-S) of ceftazidime-avibactam
and meropenem at each center. Detection of the presence of carbapenemases was performed by
PCR or immunochromatography. For meropenem-resistant isolates (n = 448), the MIC range of
ceftazidime-avibactam was 0.25–128 mg/L, MIC90 was 128 mg/L and MIC50 was 16 mg/L. According to EUCAST clinical breakpoints, 213 of all meropenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were
categorized as susceptible (47.5%) to ceftazidime-avibactam. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) could be
detected in 122 isolates (27.3%). The MIC range of ceftazidime-avibactam in MBL-positive isolates was 4–128 mg/L, MIC90 was >128 mg/L and MIC50 was 32 mg/L. There was strong variation in
the prevalence of MBL-positive isolates among centers. Our in vitro results support ceftazidimeavibactam as a treatment option against infections caused by meropenem-resistant, MBL-negative
P. aeruginosa
Electroweak Corrections to the Charged Higgs Boson Decay into Chargino and Neutralino
The electroweak corrections to the partial widths of the decays including one-loop
diagrams of the third generation quarks and squarks, are investigated within
the Supersymmetric Standard Model. The relative corrections can reach the
values about 10%, therefore they should be taken into account for the precise
experimental measurement at future colliders.Comment: 21 pages, 6 eps figures, 1 Latex fil
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