Depósito Central de Valores, 20 años contribuyendo al fortalecimiento del mercado público de valores

El Depósito Central de Valores (DCV) del Banco de la República es un sistema diseñado para el depósito, custodia y administración de valores en forma de registros electrónicos (títulos desmaterializados), que emite, garantiza o administra el propio Banco y los valores que constituyan inversiones forzosas o sustitutivas de encaje a cargo de las entidades sometidas a la inspección y vigilancia de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC), distintos de acciones. De igual manera, como sistema de compensación y liquidación de operaciones sobre valores, el DCV registra, mediante el mecanismo de anotación en cuenta, las enajenaciones y transferencias definitivas o transitorias de título que celebran los depositantes en el mercado público de valores colombiano, así como también registra los gravámenes y las medidas cautelares que emitan las autoridades competente sobre los valores depositados

Banca central y política monetaria en un mundo de dinero electrónico

El punto de referencia de esta reflexión gira alrededor de cómo los nuevos desarrollos en la banca electrónica podrían afectar la demanda por dinero base, que es aquél sobre el cual los bancos centrales ejercen mayor influencia y que constituye el eje de la instrumentación de la política monetaria

Evaluación del sistema de pagos de Colombia en 2001

En este documento se presenta una evaluación del sistema de pagos colombiano y propuesta de reformas, en aspectos tales como el marco legal, los sistemas de pago de alto valor, los sistemas de compensación y liquidación de valores, la liquidación de operaciones en moneda extranjera, el sistema de pagos de bajo valor, el papel del banco central en la reforma del sistema, la vigilancia del sistema de pagos y reflexiones acerca de cómo mejorar la cooperación entre los agentes participantes en esta área.Para los bancos centrales este tema es de una gran impotancia porque el diseño del sistema de pagos es clave para la solidez del sistema financiero y es determinante para la eficiencia económica. También lo es porque a través del sistema de pagos se transmiten de un modo más transparente y oportuno las señales apropiadas de política monetaria

Rumbo a la generación de inoculantes en polvo a base de Pseudomonas putida KT2440

La adición de fertilizantes nitrogenados, pesticidas y herbicidas en los cultivos agrícolas, ha traído enormes consecuencias para el ambiente y la salud de los organismos terrestres. Las bacterias promotoras del crecimiento de plantas podrían ser una alternativa para evitar el uso de esos productos sin arriesgar o disminuir los rendimientos de los cultivos. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 es una bacteria capaz de biodegradar compuestos orgánicos y también de promover el crecimiento de plantas; especialmente bajo condiciones de estrés ambiental. Por esta razón, esta bacteria ha sido seleccionada para el diseño de inoculantes de segunda generación. Los inoculantes de segunda generación en la actualidad están en formulaciones líquidas que requieren de refrigeración para mantenerlas estables. Es deseable contar con formulaciones que no requieran energía para su almacenamiento y transporte, por lo que las formulaciones en polvo serían las más apropiadas para mantener la estabilidad hasta su aplicación a un bajo costo. Para conseguir esto se requieren estudios de la tolerancia a la desecación de las bacterias de interés y conocer cómo podemos potenciar la supervivencia de las bacterias benéficas bajo condiciones de estrés por disminución de la actividad de agua. En este trabajo se ha revisado el panorama general del conocimiento que se tiene sobre la supervivencia de P. putida KT2440 a la desecación ambiental y la desecación por liofilización, la ayuda por protectores, la función de la membrana bacteriana, así como algunos genes clave que podrían estar implicados en la tolerancia a la desecación de esta bacteria

Saber pedagógico en Interculturalidad, ciudadanía global y cultura de paz

198 p. Libro electronicoprimera ediciónPublicación resultado del programa Maestros y Maestras que Inspiran, una apuesta para la educación del siglo XXI, adelantada desde la línea Interculturalidad, Ciudadanía Global y Cultura de Paz, por los autores de este texto, con el acompañamiento del siguiente equipo: Mentor Jairzinho Francisco Panqueba Cifuentes Asistente de línea Vanessa Julieth Cabrales Parr

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

[EN] Background. The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Methods. Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed. Results. Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15. Conclusion. Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistanceS

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

Background: The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Methods: Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed. Results: Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15. Conclusion: Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistance

Networking for advanced molecular diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients is possible: the PETHEMA NGS-AML project

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has recently been introduced to efficiently and simultaneously detect genetic variations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its implementation in the clinical routine raises new challenges focused on the diversity of assays and variant reporting criteria. In order to overcome this challenge, the PETHEMA group established a nationwide network of reference laboratories aimed to deliver molecular results in the clinics. We report the technical cross-validation results for NGS panel genes during the standardization process and the clinical validation in 823 samples of 751 patients with newly diagnosed or refractory/relapse AML. Two cross-validation rounds were performed in seven nationwide reference laboratories in order to reach a consensus regarding quality metrics criteria and variant reporting. In the pre-standardization cross-validation round, an overall concordance of 60.98% was obtained with a great variability in selected genes and conditions across laboratories. After consensus of relevant genes and optimization of quality parameters the overall concordance rose to 85.57% in the second cross-validation round. We show that a diagnostic network with harmonized NGS analysis and reporting in seven experienced laboratories is feasible in the context of a scientific group. This cooperative nationwide strategy provides advanced molecular diagnostic for AML patients of the PETHEMA group (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT03311815)

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 7

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 7, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones