Morbilidad por alteraciones de la Microbiota Intestinal en niños nacidos por cesárea

Cesarean section represents a risk for women and newborns, and has been associated with pathologies in childhood. Objective: To determine the statistical behavior of asthma, bronchial hyper-reactivity and diabetes in children up to 12 years old according to the route of birth in Montería. Methodology: Analytical and descriptive study, based on information from 275 surveys of relatives of children under 12 years of age attended by any of the causes of morbidity under study at the San Jerónimo de Montería Hospital, a database was configured in Microsoft Excel and it was attached to the statistical package SPSS25. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics and correlation with Pearson's Chi-square test and "Z" test, determining the relationship between diseases and the route of birth. Results: 50.2% of the children were male. A statistically significant relationship was observed between diabetes and the cesarean birth route (p-value <0.05), there was no relationship with respiratory diseases. Conclusions: Cesarean section was the predominant birth route, significantly related to diabetes in the study population.La cesárea representa un riesgo para la mujer y el neonato, y se ha asociado con patologías en la infancia. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento estadístico de asma, hiper-reactividad bronquial y diabetes en niños de hasta 12 años según la vía del nacimiento en Montería. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico y descriptivo, a partir de información de 275 encuestas a familiares de niños menores de 12 años atendidos por cualquiera de las causas de morbilidad en estudio en el Hospital San Jerónimo de Montería, se configuró una base de datos en Microsoft Excel y se anexó al paquete estadístico SPSS25. El análisis fue a partir de estadística descriptiva y de correlación con prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, y Prueba “Z”, determinando relación entre las enfermedades y la vía de nacimiento. Resultados: El 50,2% de los niños fue de sexo masculino. Se observó relación estadísticamente significativa entre diabetes y la vía de nacimiento por cesárea (p-valor<0,05), no hubo relación con las enfermedades respiratorias. Conclusiones: La cesárea fue la vía de nacimiento predominante, relacionada de forma significativa con diabetes en la población de estudio

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus—Report 2: Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diabetic nephropathy; Oculomics; Perfusion densityNefropatía diabética; Oculómica; Densidad de perfusiónNefropatia diabètica; Oculòmica; Densitat de perfusióThe purpose of this study is to investigate potential associations between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) categories in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and controls. A complete ocular and systemic examination, including OCTA imaging tests and bloods, was performed. OCTA parameters included vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD), foveal avascular zone area (FAZa), perimeter (FAZp) and circularity (FAZc) in the superficial vascular plexus, and DKD categories were defined according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and KDIGO prognosis risk classifications. A total of 425 individuals (1 eye/1 patient) were included. Reduced VD and FAZc were associated with greater categories of GFR (p = 0.002, p = 0.04), ACR (p = 0.003, p = 0.005) and KDIGO risk prognosis classifications (p = 0.002, p = 0.005). FAZc was significantly reduced in greater KDIGO prognosis risk categories (low risk vs. moderate risk, 0.65 ± 0.09 vs. 0.60 ± 0.07, p < 0.05). VD and FAZc presented the best diagnostic performance in ROCs. In conclusion, OCTA parameters, such as VD and FAZc, are able to detect different GFR, ACR, and KDIGO categories in T1DM patients and controls in a non-invasive, objective quantitative way. FAZc is able to discriminate within T1DM patients those with greater DKD categories and greater risk of DKD progression.This research was funded by Fundació La Marató de TV3, La Marató 2015, Diabetis i Obesitat (grant number 201633.10) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (through the project PI18/00518, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund “Investing in your future”). This study has undergone peer review separately by both funding bodies. None of the funding bodies have had any access to the study design, the study data or the study conclusions

Potentiometric study of carbon nanotube/surfactant interactions by ion-selective electrodes. Driving forces in the adsorption and dispersion processes

The interaction (adsorption process) of commercial ionic surfactants with non-functionalized and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been studied by potentiometric measurements based on the use of ion-selective electrodes. The goal of this work was to investigate the role of the CNTs' charge and structure in the CNT/surfactant interactions. Non-functionalized single- (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and amine functionalized SWCNT were used. The influence of the surfactant architecture on the CNT/surfactant interactions was also studied. Surfactants with different charge and hydrophobic tail length (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (OTAB), dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DoTAB) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)) were studied. According to the results, the adsorption process shows a cooperative character, with the hydrophobic interaction contribution playing a key role. This is made evident by the correlation between the free surfactant concentration (at a fixed [CNT]) and the critical micellar concentration, cmc, found for all the CNTs and surfactants investigated. The electrostatic interactions mainly determine the CNT dispersion, although hydrophobic interactions also contribute to this process.Fil: Ostos, Francisco José. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Lebrón, José Antonio. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Moyá, María Luisa. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Bernal, Eva. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Flores, Ana. Universidad de Huelva; EspañaFil: Lépori, Cristian Marcelo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Maestre, Ángeles. Universidad de Huelva; EspañaFil: Sánchez, Francisco. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: López Cornejo, Pilar. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: López López, Manuel Carlos. Universidad de Huelva; Españ

Análisis crítico del discurso del Plan Decenal de Deporte 2009-2019 propuesto en Colombia.

La presente investigación mostrará a los lectores el análisis crítico del discurso del Plan Decenal del Deporte 2009-2019 propuesto en Colombia, sus orientaciones generales, una problematización especifica en torno a cada una de las categorías de investigación propuestas (Deporte, Educación Física, Pedagogía, Desarrollo Humano y Convivencia) y finalmente una reflexión desde lo que para nosotros como investigadores y docentes debería ser el enfoque de deporte en el país. Se parte inicialmente desde un método de investigación cualitativo, entendiendo que este nos permite estar inmersos en el problema de investigación y afrontarlo desde nuestro quehacer pedagógico, seguido a esto se abordó desde un enfoque Histórico Hermenéutico, el cual su esencia se puede entender desde dos miradas, la primera es entender el deporte y las demás categorías de investigación desde su epistemología, y la segunda es abordar las preocupaciones y las problemáticas sociales actuales

Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: a promising alternative for bone tissue regeneration

Scaffolds can be considered as one of the most promising treatments for bone tissue regeneration. Herein, blends of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxyapatite in different ratios were used to synthesize scaffolds via freeze-drying. Mechanical tests, FTIR, swelling and solubility degree, DSC, morphology, and cell viability were used as characterization techniques. Statistical significance of the experiments was determined using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p < 0.05. Crosslinked and plasticized scaffolds absorbed five times more water than non-crosslinked and plasticized ones, which is an indicator of better hydrophilic features, as well as adequate resistance to water without detriment of the swelling potential. Indeed, the tested mechanical properties were notably higher for samples which were undergone to crosslinking and plasticized process. The presence of chitosan is determinant in pore formation and distribution which is an imperative for cell communication. Uniform pore size with diameters ranging from 142 to 519m were obtained, a range that has been described as optimal for bone tissue regeneration. Moreover, cytotoxicity was considered as negligible in the tested conditions, and viability indicates that the material might have potential as a bone regeneration system. © 2018 MDPI AG. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic-Program NPU I [LO1504]; Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Calda

Seagrass blue carbon stocks and sequestration rates in the Colombian Caribbean

Seagrass ecosystems rank amongst the most efficient natural carbon sinks on earth, sequestering CO2 through photosynthesis and storing organic carbon (Corg) underneath their soils for millennia and thereby, mitigating climate change. However, estimates of Corg stocks and accumulation rates in seagrass meadows (blue carbon) are restricted to few regions, and further information on spatial variability is required to derive robust global estimates. Here we studied soil Corg stocks and accumulation rates in seagrass meadows across the Colombian Caribbean. We estimated that Thalassia testudinum meadows store 241 ± 118 Mg Corg ha−1 (mean ± SD) in the top 1 m-thick soils, accumulated at rates of 122 ± 62 and 15 ± 7 g Corg m−2 year−1 over the last ~ 70 years and up to 2000 years, respectively. The tropical climate of the Caribbean Sea and associated sediment run-off, together with the relatively high primary production of T. testudinum, influencing biotic and abiotic drivers of Corg storage linked to seagrass and soil respiration rates, explains their relatively high Corg stocks and accumulation rates when compared to other meadows globally. Differences in soil Corg storage among Colombian Caribbean regions are largely linked to differences in the relative contribution of Corg sources to the soil Corg pool (seagrass, algae Halimeda tuna, mangrove and seston) and the content of soil particles \u3c 0.016 mm binding Corg and enhancing its preservation. Despite the moderate areal extent of T. testudinum in the Colombian Caribbean (661 km2), it sequesters around 0.3 Tg CO2 year−1, which is equivalent to ~ 0.4% of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels in Colombia. This study adds data from a new region to a growing dataset on seagrass blue carbon and further explores differences in meadow Corg storage based on biotic and abiotic environmental factors, while providing the basis for the implementation of seagrass blue carbon strategies in Colombia

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-Report 2: Diabetic Kidney Disease.

The purpose of this study is to investigate potential associations between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) categories in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and controls. A complete ocular and systemic examination, including OCTA imaging tests and bloods, was performed. OCTA parameters included vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD), foveal avascular zone area (FAZa), perimeter (FAZp) and circularity (FAZc) in the superficial vascular plexus, and DKD categories were defined according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and KDIGO prognosis risk classifications. A total of 425 individuals (1 eye/1 patient) were included. Reduced VD and FAZc were associated with greater categories of GFR (p = 0.002, p = 0.04), ACR (p = 0.003, p = 0.005) and KDIGO risk prognosis classifications (p = 0.002, p = 0.005). FAZc was significantly reduced in greater KDIGO prognosis risk categories (low risk vs. moderate risk, 0.65 ± 0.09 vs. 0.60 ± 0.07, p < 0.05). VD and FAZc presented the best diagnostic performance in ROCs. In conclusion, OCTA parameters, such as VD and FAZc, are able to detect different GFR, ACR, and KDIGO categories in T1DM patients and controls in a non-invasive, objective quantitative way. FAZc is able to discriminate within T1DM patients those with greater DKD categories and greater risk of DKD progression

Associations between social network addiction, anxiety symptoms, and risk of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adolescents—a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population.ObjectiveThis study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022. A total of 903 participants were included in the study using a non-probability convenience sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with MetS in a cross-sectional analysis.ResultsMales were more likely to have MetS than females (OR = 1.133, p = 0.028). Participants who were 16 years of age or older and those with excess body weight were 2.166, p = 0.013 and 19.414, p &lt; 0.001 times more likely to have MetS, respectively. Additionally, SNA (OR = 1.517, p = 0.016) and the presence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.596, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with MetS.ConclusionOur findings suggest associations between SNA, anxiety symptoms, and MetS among youth. However, more studies are needed to better understand this association and to deepen the possible clinical and public health implications

El medio ambiente como derecho fundamental

Para poder entrar en contexto respecto al tema, comenzaremos abordando el tema del medio ambiente desde su definición, teniendo en cuenta que, es uno de los conceptos con mayor relevancia, lo cual determina de cierta manera nuestro desarrollo y comportamiento, a partir de esto, se establece la relación del derecho natural y el tema mencionado anteriormente, a través de las diferentes escuelas iusnaturalistas y los postulados de sus respectivos representantes, cabe recalcar que, es importante identificar cuáles son las problemáticas ambientales que se han evidenciado hoy en día, y que afectan considerablemente el medio ambiente, como lo son el mal uso y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, gracias a esto con el pasar de los años se desarrolló la defensa del medio ambiental, donde las primeras leyes se originaron en Babilonia y de ahí se expandió a diferentes partes del mundo, y se originó en el Derecho Internacional Ambiental, es la obediencia que integra e involucra al mundo en busca de la protección del medio ambiente, en Colombia se ha dado la creación de varios proyectos y normas que contribuyan a la conservación y restauración del medio ambiente, como de igual manera se hará un aporte del COVID 19 para dar la afectación que hubo en el medio ambiente

Avances y tendencias de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo.

El texto es un trabajo de diferentes profesionales nacionales e internacionales, todos vinculados a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, los cuales tienen una amplia experiencia en este campo de conocimiento y quienes nos brindan su sabiduría de forma clara y concisa, especialistas que llevan décadas dedicados a la promoción de la salud en los lugares de trabajo