Adaptació de les metodologies d’aprenentatge just a temps i d’instrucció entre parells al cas de grups nombrosos en l’ensenyament superior de les matemàtiques

Projecte: 2018PID-UB/030Aquest document és el resultat de la iniciativa plantejada al projecte d’innovació docent 2018PID-UB/030 amb títol “Adaptació de les metodologies d’aprenentatge just a temps i d’instrucció entre parells al cas de grups nombrosos”. Els objectius del projecte han estat assajar una adaptació d’aquestes metodologies al cas d’unes ratios entre alumnes i professors molt elevades, de manera que es poguessin mantenir les avantatges d’aquestes metodologies de manera sostenible. Permetra escalar la qualitat. L’assaig ha estat dut a terme a dues assignatures dels graus de Farmàcia i d’enginyeria química i de materials de la Universitat de Barcelona, durant els cursos 2018/19 i 2019/20. Es tracta de dues assignatures de primer any de grau, una de primer semestre al grau de Farmàcia i altra al segon semestre als graus d’Enginyeria Química i de Materials. S’esperava obtenir un major nivell d’implicació i satisfacció per part dels alumnes i uns percentatges d’aprovats creixents. A l’estudi següent i l’annex, s’aporta informació que refrenda l’assoliment d’aquests objectius

Quality accounting information and audit effort: The Spanish case

[SPA] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si los auditores son capaces de detectar la gestión de resultados en sus empresas auditadas y si ante un incremento en el esfuerzo, el nivel de devengos discrecionales será menor. Como singular contribución, se mide el esfuerzo del auditor mediante las horas efectivamente empleadas, al contrario que trabajos anteriores que se basan en honorarios u horas estimadas o subrogados de estas. Asimismo, la muestra utilizada está compuesta por pequeñas y medianas firmas de auditoría, lo que le aporta un valor añadido por ser este segmento del mercado de auditoría más competitivo. Los resultados evidencian que el cliente reduce los devengos anormales positivos del resultado ante un incremento del esfuerzo del auditor, poniendo así en valor su figura como garante de la información financiera, contribuyendo al debate sobre la calidad de las pequeñas firmas. En lo que respecta a los ajustes por devengo negativos, se puede interpretar una pasividad del auditor ante el conservadurismo contable y un efecto aprendizaje en el cliente, que aumenta la manipulación negativa de resultados conforme se incrementa la duración contractual con el auditor.[ENG] The objective of this paper is to analyze if small and medium auditors are able to detect the earning managments in their audited companies and, in that case, if the increase of the audit effort produces a lower level of discretionary accruals. As a particular contribution, the auditor's effort has been measured through the hours actually spent, unlike previous work based on estimated or subrogated fees or hours. Similarly, the sample used is composed of small and medium-sized audit firms, which gives added value for this segment of the most competitive audit market. The results show that the client reduces the positive abnormal accruals if the audit effort increases, thus valuing his figure as guarantor of the financial information, contributing to the debate on the quality of small firms. Regarding the negative accrual adjustments, it could be interpreted as an auditor passivity against the accounting conservatism and a learning effect on the client, which increases the negative discretional accruals as the contractual relationship with the auditor increases

A case study: the rehabilitation of residential buildings in Parque Alcosa district, analysis of common diseases and intervention proposal

La barriada del Parque Alcosa se localiza en el noroeste del núcleo urbano de Sevilla, y está formada por un conjunto de 10.640 viviendas de promoción pública construida durante los años 69-72 por el constructor valenciano Alfredo Corral. Existen tres modelos de edificación diferentes que responden a fases de construcción, siendo objeto de estudio en este artículo la correspondiente a la primera fase, comprendidas por las calles Ciudad de Játiva, Gandía, Sueca, Onteniente, Carcagente, Burjasot, Godella, Alfafar, Buñol, Paterna y Oliva. El presente trabajo expone el análisis de las patologías constructivas comunes existentes en la fase 1 del Parque Alcosa, relacionadas con el carácter potencialmente expansivo de los terrenos donde se ubica. Así mismo se desarrollan las soluciones constructivas de la intervención proyectada, llevado a cabo mediante el programa de Rehabilitación Singular de Edificios de la Empresa Pública del Suelo de Andalucía.The Parque Alcosa district is located in northwestern area of Seville. It consists of 10,640 public housing development,that was promoted throughout the years 69-72 by the builder Alfredo Corral. There are three different building types which correspond to the different building stages. This article focuses on the the first one, which includes the streets, Ciudad de Jativa, Gandía, Sueca, Onteniente, Carcagente, Burjasot, Godella, Alfafar, Buñol, Paterna y Oliva. The present paper provides a constructive analisys of common building pathologies in phase 1 of Parque Alcosa, related to the potentially expansive features of the land where it is located. This paper also describes the structural sollutions for the projected intervention designed by the architect who subscribes, and was supported by the Public Land Company of Andalusia, under the Singular Building Rehabilitation program

Metabolomics and biochemical approaches link salicylic acid biosynthesis to cyanogenesis in peach plants

Despite the long-established importance of salicylic acid (SA) in plant stress responses and other biological processes, its biosynthetic pathways have not been fully characterized. The proposed synthesis of SA originates from chorismate by two distinct pathways: the isochorismate and phenylalanine (Phe) ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. Cyanogenesis is the process related to the release of hydrogen cyanide from endogenous cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs), and it has been linked to plant plasticity improvement. To date, however, no relationship has been suggested between the two pathways. In this work, by metabolomics and biochemical approaches (including the use of [C-13]-labeled compounds), we provide strong evidences showing that CNglcs turnover is involved, at least in part, in SA biosynthesis in peach plants under control and stress conditions. The main CNglcs in peach are prunasin and amygdalin, with mandelonitrile (MD), synthesized from phenylalanine, controlling their turnover. In peach plants MD is the intermediary molecule of the suggested new SA biosynthetic pathway and CNglcs turnover, regulating the biosynthesis of both amygdalin and SA. MD-treated peach plants displayed increased SA levels via benzoic acid (one of the SA precursors within the PAL pathway). MD also provided partial protection against Plum pox virus infection in peach seedlings. Thus, we propose a third pathway, an alternative to the PAL pathway, for SA synthesis in peach plantsThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-52563-R). PDV and CP thank CSIC and UPCT, respectively, as well as the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for their ‘Ramon & Cajal’ research contract, co-financed by FEDER funds. We also acknowledge Prof. Manuel Acosta Echeverría for his very useful commentaries and discussion

Evaluation of physichochemical parameters influencing bulking episodes in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

A study of physicochemical parameters in a municipal wastewater treatment plant was undertaken to consider the presence of bulking phenomena by means of statistical and logistic regression analyses. There appears to be an important effect on activated sludge settleability that can be related to the temperature of wastewater. Besides, there were significant differences between the percentage of nitrogen removal from the secondary treatment with the season. The SVI increased with conductivity, meanwhile BOD5 removal decreased with this parameter. The development of logistic regression models identified two statistically significant variables that appeared to be important to the contribution of a higher SVI: season and pH

Public policy on palliative care and its implications for services, opioids, and education in Colombia

Introducción: El desarrollo de los cuidados paliativos requiere la intervención de múltiples dimensiones de la salud pública, incluyendo la disponibilidad de servicios de salud, medicamentos esenciales y programas educativos. En Colombia se han realizado varios cambios en la política pública para promover la atención de personas con necesidades paliativas. Objetivo: Evaluar empíricamente las políticas públicas existentes en cuidados paliativos y sus implicaciones en la disponibilidad de servicios, opioides y programas educativos durante los años 2010 a 2019 en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio exploratorio secuencial mixto en tres fases: identificación de indicadores empíricos de las políticas nacionales, diagnóstico situacional de cuidados paliativos y evaluación cualitativa de los resultados de la implementación de las políticas en siete nodos regionales de Colombia. Resultados: Se revisaron siete normas, obteniéndose 12 indicadores empíricos para la evaluación, seis de los cuales no contaban con fuentes de información. El diagnóstico nacional muestra un aumento gradual de los servicios y del uso de opioides durante los años de desarrollo de la política. Cuarenta y cuatro profesionales de cuidados paliativos perciben un efecto positivo de la política pública sobre el uso de opioides y bajos resultados en los dominios de servicios y educación. Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva entre las políticas públicas y el uso de opioides, una relación cuantitativa positiva con los servicios de cuidados paliativos y una relación cuantitativa-cualitativa negativa con los programas educativos. Esto indica un bajo estado operativo de las políticas diseñadas para aliviar el dolor y el sufrimiento asociados a las enfermedades crónicas avanzadas. © 2023 El/los autor/es.Introduction: Palliative care development requires the intervention of multiple dimensions of public health, including the availability of health services, essential medicines, and educational programs. In Colombia, several changes have been made in public policy to promote the care of people with palliative needs. Objective: To empirically evaluate existing public policies on palliative care and their implications for the availability of services, opioids, and educational programs during the years 2010 to 2019 in Colombia. Materials and methods: A mixed sequential exploratory study was designed in three phases: identification of empirical indicators of national policies, palliative care situational diagnosis, and qualitative assessment of the results of policy implementation in seven regional nodes in Colombia. Results: Seven standards were reviewed, yielding 12 empirical indicators for assessment, six of which had no sources of information. The national diagnosis shows a gradual increase in services and opioid use during the landmark years of policy development. Forty-four palliative care professionals perceive a positive effect of public policy on opioid use and low outcomes for service and education domains. Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between public policy and opioid use, a positive quantitative relationship with palliative care services, and a negative quantitative-qualitative relationship with educational programs. This indicates a low operational status of policies designed to alleviate the pain and suffering associated with advanced chronic diseases. © 2023 The Author(s)

A framework for collaborative filtering recommender systems

As the use of recommender systems becomes more consolidated on the Net, an increasing need arises to develop some kind of evaluation framework for collaborative filtering measures and methods which is capable of not only testing the prediction and recommendation results, but also of other purposes which until now were considered secondary, such as novelty in the recommendations and the users? trust in these. This paper provides: (a) measures to evaluate the novelty of the users? recommendations and trust in their neighborhoods, (b) equations that formalize and unify the collaborative filtering process and its evaluation, (c) a framework based on the above-mentioned elements that enables the evaluation of the quality results of any collaborative filtering applied to the desired recommender systems, using four graphs: quality of the predictions, the recommendations, the novelty and the trust

Quelites usados en alimentación avícola

En la avicultura tradicional el consumo de plantas frescas es parte importante de la alimentación y componente fundamental de la técnica indígena de crianza avícola. Por ello, el objetivo es conocer los estudios que han incluido algún quelite para la alimentación de aves domésticas. Quelite es un término usado para denominar a las plantas tiernas comestibles los cuales son aprovechados como planta entera, rebrotes, ramas, hojas, peciolos, tallos o flores. En la presente revisión se considerarán los quelites Amaranto (Amarantus sp.), Chepil (Crotalaria longirostrada), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Hierba mora (Solanum americanum), Hierba santa (Piper autitum), Guaje (Leucaena leucocephala), Huazontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subesp. nuttalliae) y Verdolaga (Portuca olerecea). Se presentan características nutricionales y nutracéuticas de dichos quelites. En pruebas de producción de huevo y carne, tanto en gallinas como en guajolotes nativos, se presentan los principales resultados de dichos estudios. El uso de quelites en la avicultura ha comenzado a probarse con la finalidad de reducir los costos de producción, sin afectar las variables productivas ni la calidad de huevo o carne. A pesar que se ha reportado información contradictoria, existe suficiente evidencia para continuar esta línea de estudio. Está probado que los quelites tienen diferentes propiedades nutricionales y nutracéuticas, las cuales se pretenden aprovechar en favor de los productores y los consumidores; sin embargo, falta mucha investigación al respecto

Active methods in electricity and magnetism courses: Influence of degree, academic level and gender on student performance

[EN] The performance of first-year students in electromagnetism (E&M) courses of different engineering degrees at a Spanish public university was measured using the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA), a standard research-based instrument to assess students' understanding after attending introductory courses in electricity and magnetism. In all cases, Flipped classroom (FC) built on information and communications technology was used. The objective of this paper is to analyse if the gain in the BEMA pre and post-test results is influenced by several factors such as the degree, the students' academic grade, and gender. Moreover, as some studies have shown that the students' retention of the concepts was significantly stronger in active learning than in traditional approaches, a third BEMA test was performed by the students to analyse the long-term retention gain dependence on the same factors. Students from different engineering degree programs were asked to complete two BEMA tests during the course and a third one after a few months. ANOVA tests were used to analyse the existence of significant differences in gain between student degree programs, student academic level and student gender. Results have shown no differences in the BEMA performance by degree program, but significant differences were found by academic level and gender. Retention did not depend on the degree course but on the academic level. Mean gain value by academic level, and gender was obtained and concluded that the best students presented the best gain results and that gain depends on the students' gender: males outperformed females in the BEMA tests, although there were no significant differences in the course grades. It is thus necessary to understand these differences and to implement measures in daily teaching work to improve women's performance.Authors would like to thank the Instituto de Ciencias de la Educacion (ICE) in the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for their help, through the Innovation and Educational Quality Program and for supporting the team of the Innovacion en Metodologias Activas para el Aprendizaje de la Fisica (e-MACAFI) . This work has been supported by the UPV through the Project of Innovation and Educational Improvement Program (Projects PIME/18-19/76, PIME/18-19/88 and PIME/20-21/220 Convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovacion y Convergencia de la UPV) .Serrano, M.; Vidaurre, A.; Meseguer-Dueñas, JM.; Tort-Ausina, I.; Quiles Casado, SDLS.; Sabater I Serra, R.; García-Sanchez, T.... (2023). Active methods in electricity and magnetism courses: Influence of degree, academic level and gender on student performance. Heliyon. 9(10):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e2049011591

Política pública de cuidados paliativos e suas implicações para serviços, opioides e educação na Colômbia

Introduction: Palliative care development requires the intervention of multiple dimensions of public health, including the availability of health services, essential medicines, and educational programs. In Colombia, several changes have been made in public policy to promote the care of people with palliative needs. Objective: To empirically evaluate existing public policies on palliative care and their implications for the availability of services, opioids, and educational programs during the years 2010 to 2019 in Colombia. Materials and methods: A mixed sequential exploratory study was designed in three phases: identification of empirical indicators of national policies, palliative care situational diagnosis, and qualitative assessment of the results of policy implementation in seven regional nodes in Colombia. Results: Seven standards were reviewed, yielding 12 empirical indicators for assessment, six of which had no sources of information. The national diagnosis shows a gradual increase in services and opioid use during the landmark years of policy development. Forty-four palliative care professionals perceive a positive effect of public policy on opioid use and low outcomes for service and education domains. Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between public policy and opioid use, a positive quantitative relationship with palliative care services, and a negative quantitative-qualitative relationship with educational programs. This indicates a low operational status of policies designed to alleviate the pain and suffering associated with advanced chronic diseases. How to cite this article: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio, Aguilar Obregón Laura, Bernal Tovar María, Gómez Serrano Karen, Rubiano Albarracín Ana, Tarazona Álvarez Marcela, Vanegas Gutiérrez Daniela, Fuentes-Bermúdez Genny Paola. Política pública en cuidados paliativos y sus implicaciones sobre servicios, opioides y educación en Colombia. Revista Cuidarte. 2023;14(2):e2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2501Highlights: En Colombia se identifica un importante desarrollo normativo en el campo de cuidados paliativos, especialmente enfocado en regular la prestación de servicios y el uso de medicamentos opioides. El número de servicios de cuidado paliativo creció de forma exponencial, con un mayor enfoque en el tratamiento del dolor y en zonas urbanas de ciudades capitales. Se ha optimizado la disponibilidad y accesibilidad a medicamentos opioides en regiones urbanas, siendo necesario priorizar el acceso a estos medicamentos en territorios rurales y dispersas en Colombia. El enfoque regulatorio en Colombia no ha mejorado la disponibilidad de programas educativos en cuidados paliativos para profesionales de la salud. Introducción: El desarrollo de cuidados paliativos exige la intervención de múltiples dimensiones de salud pública, incluyendo la disponibilidad de servicios de salud, medicamentos esenciales y programas educativos. En Colombia se han realizado diversos cambios en las políticas públicas para promover la atención de personas con necesidades paliativas. Objetivo: Evaluar empíricamente las políticas públicas, existentes en cuidados paliativos y sus implicaciones sobre disponibilidad de servicios, opioides y programas educativos en los años 2010 – 2019 en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio mixto exploratorio secuencial en tres fases: identificación de indicadores empíricos de políticas nacionales, diagnostico situacional de cuidados paliativos y evaluación cualitativa de los resultados de la implementación de políticas en siete nodos territoriales de Colombia. Resultados: Se revisaron siete normas obteniendo 12 indicadores empíricos para la evaluación, seis de ellos no contaban con fuentes de información. El diagnostico nacional evidencia un aumento gradual de servicios y consumo de opioides en los años hito del desarrollo de políticas. 44 profesionales de cuidados paliativos perciben un efecto positivo de las políticas públicas en el consumo de opioides y bajos resultados para el dominio de servicios y educación Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva entre políticas públicas y consumo de opioides, una relación cuantitativa positiva para servicios de cuidados paliativos y una relación cuanticualitativa negativa para programas educativos, lo que denota un bajo estatus operativo de las políticas construidas para mejorar el dolor y sufrimiento asociado a la enfermedad crónica avanzada. Como citar este artículo: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio, Aguilar Obregón Laura, Bernal Tovar María, Gómez Serrano Karen, Rubiano Albarracín Ana, Tarazona Álvarez Marcela, Vanegas Gutiérrez Daniela, Fuentes-Bermúdez Genny Paola. Política pública en cuidados paliativos y sus implicaciones sobre servicios, opioides y educación en Colombia. Revista Cuidarte. 2023;14(2):e2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2501Introdução: O desenvolvimento dos cuidados paliativos requer a intervenção de múltiplas dimensões da saúde pública, incluindo a disponibilidade de serviços de saúde, medicamentos essenciais e programas educativos. Na Colômbia, várias mudanças foram feitas nas políticas públicas para promover o cuidado de pessoas com necessidades paliativas. Objetivo: Avaliar empiricamente as políticas públicas existentes em cuidados paliativos e suas implicações na disponibilidade de serviços, opioides e programas educacionais nos anos 2010 - 2019 na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Desenhou-se um estudo misto exploratório sequencial em três fases: identificação de indicadores empíricos de políticas nacionais, diagnóstico situacional de cuidados paliativos e avaliação qualitativa dos resultados da implementação de políticas em sete nodos territoriais da Colômbia. Resultados: Sete normas foram revisadas, obtendo-se 12 indicadores empíricos para avaliação, seis delas não possuíam fontes de informação. O diagnóstico nacional mostra um aumento gradual nos serviços e consumo de opioides nos anos marcantes do desenvolvimento de políticas. 44 profissionais de cuidados paliativos percebem efeito positivo das políticas públicas sobre o consumo de opioides e resultados baixos para o domínio serviços e educação Conclusões: Existe relação positiva entre políticas públicas e consumo de opioides, relação quantitativa positiva para serviços de cuidados paliativos e negativa relação quantitativo-qualitativa para programas educativos, o que denota um baixo status operacional das políticas destinadas a melhorar a dor e o sofrimento associados à doença crônica avançada. Como citar este artigo: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio, Aguilar Obregón Laura, Bernal Tovar María, Gómez Serrano Karen, Rubiano Albarracín Ana, Tarazona Álvarez Marcela, Vanegas Gutiérrez Daniela, Fuentes-Bermúdez Genny Paola. Política pública en cuidados paliativos y sus implicaciones sobre servicios, opioides y educación en Colombia. Revista Cuidarte. 2023;14(2):e2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.250