Multiple Paths to Self-Sufficiency: A Phenomenological Study of South Florida Refugees’ Lived Experience

The United States resettles more refugees within its borders than any other country. The federal government and its partners measure success by determining if the refugee has achieved self-sufficiency. Self-sufficiency is achieved when a refugee becomes employed shortly after arrival. With a resettlement program that is almost forty years-old and unprecedented budget cuts, refugees themselves can aid in redefining the goals of the program. Using the theories of Human Needs and Social Identity to analyze the data, the aim of this study was to address the following questions: “What is the lived experience of refugees seeking self-sufficiency?” and “How do refugees resettled in South Florida define self-sufficiency?” The goal was to capture the refugee perspective through the voice of those who lived the experience and now work in resettlement. Participants included nine refugees who offered a unique understanding of the successes and failures of this approach. Utilizing the qualitative tradition of Transcendental Phenomenology, the research found that among refugees, self-sufficiency has varying meanings. These findings signal that programming should create multiple paths to self-sufficiency, which would allow refugees different avenues to preserve their prior career, thus part of their identity; feel that they contribute to their new home from inception; as well as begin the process of integration. The implication of this impacts program design and will contribute to the field of conflict resolution. The results provide insight on a population that is impacting American society, particularly at a time where the discussion on immigration and border security is prevalent

The Evolution Of Anti-Slavery Laws In The United States

In this new century, the United States of America is still struggling to end slavery within its borders

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA BENGKULU: PENDEKATAN DERAJAT DESENTRALISASI FISKAL

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Bengkulu City government with a degree of fiscal decentralization approach and to determine the effect of the PAD component on the Bengkulu City Government Financial Performance. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of time series data and processed by multiple linear regression analysis tools (multiple regression). The empirical results of this study indicate that based on the calculation of the degree of fiscal decentralization ratio, the financial capacity of Bengkulu City is still at a very low capability level which is founded a very large difference between government spending and regional opinion. So it appears that Bengkulu  Government still relies on assistance from the Central Government and is not yet independent. This can be an underline for local government to improve their ability being more independent and capable

Phosphoinositide 3kinase γ controls LPSinduced myocardial depression via sequential cAMP and iNOS signaling

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Aufklärung der spezifischen Rolle der lipidkinase-abhängigen und –unabhängigen Funktionen von PI3Kγ bei SIRS-induzierter SIMD. Bei PI3Kγ-Wildtyp (wt), Knockout (PI3Kγ-/-), und Kinase-dead (PI3KγKD/KD) Mäuse wurde eine LPS- induzierte SIRS induziert und deren Überleben, die Auswirkungen auf das kardiale autonome Nervensystem (ANS) und die linksventrikuläre (LV) kontraktile Funktion ermittelt. Darüber hinaus wurden an primären adulten Kardiomyozyten mechanistische Untersuchungen zu PI3Kγ-abhängigen Auswirkungen auf die myokardiale Kontraktilität und die inflammatorische Antwort durchgeführt

Cytokine gene transfer by adenoviral vectors as a novel therapeutic option for hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic, non-cytopathic DNA virus that causes acute and chronic necroinflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been shown that HBV DNA replication is suppressed by interferon (IFN) a/b, IFNg and other cytokines. The aim of my thesis was to establish a liver directed gene transfer and to characterize the effect of local expression of interferon on HBV replication. Two sets of adenoviral vectors were established: the first using the CMV promoter (PCMV) (AdmIFNg and AdmIFNb) and the second using a bidirectional tetracycline (tet)-regulated promoter(Pbi-1) (Adbiluc vectors) to locally express mouse interferon (mIFN) a, b and g. In mouse hepatocyte cultures, a 5- to 10-fold decrease of intracellular HBV DNA was observed following infection with AdmIFNb or AdmIFNg. The antiviral effect was enhanced in HBV transgenic mice where 95% of intrahepatic and serum HBV DNA disappeared 2 weeks after intravenous injection. However, the effect was transient and HBV replication was restored. This was partially due to a down regulation of the CMV promoter. Using the Adbiluc vectors, expression of the reverse tet-transactivator (rtTA) under liver specific promoters (e.g. in transgenic mice or with a second vector) ensured tissue specificity of gene expression. Co-expression of luciferase with the bidirectional promoter Pbi-1 allowed monitoring. Simultaneous, strong expression of both genes dependent on the dose of tetracycline in vitro and tight regulation in living mice were shown. However, in one direction, gene expression was slightly leaky. This was exploited to avoid separate expression of the tet-transactivator: rtTA was cloned under control of Pbi-1 to establish a tet-regulated one-vector system. Using the Adbiluc-IFN vectors, rapid induction of cytokine expression in the livers of transduced mice was fatal, but moderate expression was well tolerated. Due to these difficulties in the first experiments in mouse models for chronic and acute HBV infection, the antiviral effect of regulated IFN-expression could not yet be demonstrated. Taken together, local expression of cytokines was successfully established following adenoviral gene transfer and an antiviral effect was demonstrated. A set of novel adenoviral vector allowing tet-regulated and monitored cytokine expression will allow characterizing the antiviral pathways. This approach can also be used to develop gene therapy of chronic HBV and hepatitis C virus infection and other diseases like malaria or liver cancer

Causes of Student Success in School

The article presents the contribution of socio-demographic, socio-economic, employment status and level of education of parents/guardians to students’ school success. The aim of this article is to discover the causes of school (un)success given the contribution of predictor variables. The predictor set of variables consists of four scales: socio-demographic status (total number of brothers, total number of sisters, marital status of parents, distance from home to school and number of members households), socio-economic status (total monthly income of parents/guardians, place to study in the house/apartment, possession of laptop/computer, constant internet access in the house/apartment and the way they come to school), employment status of parents/guardian and educated status of parent/guardian. In addition to the set of predictors, a criterion variable was used, which consists of three dimensions, namely school success at the end of the sixth, seventh and eighth grade of primary school. The results of the research confirm a statistically significant correlation between socio-demographic, socio-economic, employment status and the level of education of parents/guardians and school success of children, provided that socio-demographic status has a higher predictive power on students’ school success. It was confirmed that students have a positive attitude about the importance of the grade as well as that they perceive that their parents have the same attitude

Inventaire des vergers de mangues dans le cercle de Bougouni au Mali : Approche par Télédétection

Objectif : Cette étude est réalisée dans le but d’organiser rationnellement la filière mangue constitue une importante source de revenus au Mali.Méthodologie et résultats : L’approche de détection et d’inventaire utilisée dans cette étude est essentiellement fondée sur l’exploitation d’une image satellitaire qui présente une fiabilité telle qu’elle mérite d’être généralisée pour la recherche afin de redonner vie à cette filière. Comme principaux résultats nous avons la répartition spatiale des vergers de mangues et la localisation de ceux attaqués par les insectes.Conclusions et application des résultats : De ces résultats, on peut retenir que la Télédétection a considérablement joué un rôle primordial dans le suivi et l’évaluation de la filière pour sa réorganisation à Bougouni.Mots clés : Vergers de mangue, inventaire par Télédétection, cercle de Bougouni, Mali

Understanding the Objectives of Pigs Farming Development in Arfak Tribe Farmers, West Papua

The multifunction of pigs for the Papuan are divergences and interelated. This study was aimed to seek the objectives of keeping pigs by Arfak tribe and to find the trend relationships of economical and socio-cultural components determining the development of pig farming systems in Manokwari. A one-month field research was done at Manokwari Barat district. Quiztionaire was the tool used to record and collect the data. Snowball method was applied to chose the pig farmer participants and 60 respondents were participated. Several variables were quantified to measure the percentages of socio-cultural and economicalobjectives. The finding shown that income generation, savings barter were the subsequent components shaping the economic objectives and while organic fertilizer and biofertilizer resulted from manure were not applied yet. Although dung was frequently produced and spreaded at the pig house and around backyard. Socio-culture was done in the means of merrital prices, peaceness, gift and parties, respectively. The other findings were that the alternation of pig development indicated by herd size had positive relationship with the two motives. Similar relationship was shown by number of aided farmers. Hence, the changes of pig farming systems, e.g. extensive to semi-intensive and/or intensive to semi-intensive had shown weak relationship