Combining NLO QCD and Electroweak Radiative Corrections to W boson Production at Hadron Colliders in the POWHEG Framework

The precision measurement of the mass of the $W$ boson is an important goal of the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It requires accurate theoretical calculations which incorporate both higher-order QCD and electroweak corrections, and also provide an interface to parton-shower Monte Carlo programs which make it possible to realistically simulate experimental data. In this paper, we present a combination of the full ${\cal O}(\alpha)$ electroweak corrections of {\tt WGRAD2}, and the next-to-leading order QCD radiative corrections to $W\to\ell\nu$ production in hadronic collisions in a single event generator based on the {\tt POWHEG} framework, which is able to interface with the parton-shower Monte Carlo programs {\tt Pythia} and {\tt Herwig}. Using this new combined QCD+EW Monte Carlo program for $W$ production we provide numerical results for total cross sections and kinematic distributions of relevance to the $W$ mass measurement at the Tevatron and the LHC for the processes $pp,p\bar p \to W^\pm \to \mu^\pm \nu_\mu$. In particular, we discuss the impact of EW corrections in the presence of QCD effects when including detector resolution effects.Comment: 32 pages, 28 postscript figures, typos fixed, plot on the right-hand side of Fig.12 replaced with results from a higher statistics run, note adde

Breast Cancer in Art Painting

Breast cancer is an emotive cancer. It is a disease that affects a visible sexual organ and it is the commonest single cause of death of women between 40 and 60 years of age. Nevertheless, this type of cancer was infrequently depicted in art paintings. In this article the themes from the breast cancer in famous art paintings are discussed

Current transformations of city centres in light of some American and European experiences

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania o kondycję współczesnych obszarów centralnych i czynniki, które mogą mieć kluczowe znaczenie przy przywracaniu centrów miastom i ich mieszkańcom. Autorka porusza także problematykę tematyzowania przestrzeni centrów, zastanawiając się, w jakim stopniu urządzane w ten sposób miejsca są odpowiedzią na nowe potrzeby, a w jakim same doprowadziły do ich wykreowania. Głównym celem opracowania jest przedstawienie najważniejszych założeń współczesnych koncepcji ożywania przestrzeni centralnych miasta oraz wybranych realizacji praktycznych. Wskazano w nim na prawidłowości wynikające z doświadczeń europejskich i amerykańskich oraz różnice w tych dwóch podejściach. Na tym tle zaprezentowano wybrane realizacje polskie.The article is an attempt to answer the questions about the condition of modern central areas and factors that may be critical in returning city centres to cities and their inhabitants. It also addresses the issue of designing thematic centre spaces, wondering if the space organised in this way responds to new needs, or whether it rather leads to their creation.The main objective of this paper is to present the most important objectives of modern concepts of revitalising the central area of the city and some practical implementation. It points to the accuracy of the results of the European and American experience and the differences in these two approaches. Against this background selected Polish projects are presented

THE ENYIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND

This study of the welfare-environmental pressure relationship in a transition economy covered only chosen indicators. Some of them seem to confirm the EKC hypothesis, others do not give any evidence for it

Experimental Super High Frequency Rectifier And DC To DC Converter For Application In Space Solar Power

Due to the continuous rise in the global energy demands, new sources of fuel and energy need to be explored. One area of research that is currently underdeveloped is the study and application of space solar power. Space solar power (SSP) is a broad topic that covers the idea of capturing and transmitting renewable solar energy from space to earth. There has been lots of research in the area of SSP, but there are yet any test platforms operating in space continuously to gather data for supporting the commercialization of SSP. This research document looks at the design of the sub assembly level of components while keeping in mind the end application of SSP. The most innovative idea of this research work to be implemented is adding a DC to DC converter to a rectenna array to regulate the output so that the output may be used in a constant charging application. A rectenna is a rectifying antenna used to convert microwave energy into a DC output. The process used in the following work developed a rectifier that has been shown to work through simulations and a buck/boost converter to regulate the output voltage from the rectifier. Simulations using the developed rectifier produced more than 1.8V DC when excited by two 6V peak to peak 5.8GHz sine waves. The sine waves were out of phase by 180o. The filter on the designed rectifier was able to reject re-radiation of the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the 5.8 GHz input signal by more than 25 dB and 22 dB, respectively. The efficiency of the designed rectifier is unknown due to the simulations not having a current output for a power calculation and the assembled prototypes did not produce any measurable results. The efficiency of the buck/boost converter has been measured to be 80% efficient and up to 95% efficient, depending on the input voltage and the load requirements

RT-PCR Analysis of TOPBP1 Gene Expression in Hereditary Breast Cancer

Hereditary predisposition to breast cancer determined in large part by loss of function mutations in one of two genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Besides BRCA1 and BRCA2 other genes are also likely to be involved in hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. TopBP1 protein is involved in DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint response and transcriptional regulation. Expression of TopBP1 gene at the mRNA level was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 94 samples of hereditary breast cancer. Analysis of TopBP1 mRNA level showed that expression of TopBP1 is significantly downregulated in poorly differentiated breast cancer (grade III according Bloom-Richardson system (P<0.05)

Weak Labour, Strong Interests: Polish Trade Unions and the Integration of EU Energy and Service Markets

This paper examines the motives behind the EU-level activism of CEE trade unions, which are commonly regarded as weak actors. To this end, it studies lobbying and protest actions staged by Polish labour organizations in relation to proposals for the EU Emission Trading Scheme Directive and the EU Services Directive. The analysis confirms the salience of interest-based accounts of supranational union action, but it also shows that labour interests are context-specific, influenced by economic conditions and regulatory changes in particular market segments. In this regard, priority given by the unions to job preservation or the improvement of social standards has important implications for their positions; it also determines the selection of their allies at national and transnational levels

Challenges of Upgrading: The Dynamics of East Central Europe’s Integration into the European Automotive Production Networks

"The paper analyses the changing architecture of the European automotive industry following the inclusion of East Central European (ECE) states into cross-border production networks. It identifies distinct periods of the sector’s expansion to ECE, each marked by different policies of automotive OEMs and accompanied by varying responses by governments and unions. The first phase, lasting until late 1990s, was characterised by a predominantly market-seeking orientation of carmakers towards ECE and a clear-cut, hierarchical division of competences between “new” and “old” sites, not conducive to the emergence of cross-border union contacts. In the late 1990s, however, postcommunist countries’ production profiles became similar to those of advanced West European producers, such as Germany, largely due to the organisational changes within the sector and FDI-attracting policies launched by ECE states. This spurred German unions’ interests in cooperating with their Eastern counterparts, in an effort to attenuate cross-border competitive pressure and eliminate the East-West benchmarking threat. Finally, the recent crisis brought increasing involvement of Western states in the industry’s affairs and the corresponding “national turn” in unions’ behaviour." (author's abstract)"Der Artikel analysiert die sich verändernde gesamteuropäische Arbeitsteilung in der Automobilindustrie durch die Einbindung mittelosteuropäischer Standorte. Es werden drei unterschiedliche Phasen der Einbindung identifiziert. Zunächst überwogen Markterschließungsmotive. Seit den späten 1990er Jahren - bedingt durch organisatorische Veränderungen in der Industrie und Investitionsanreizen in MOE - hat eine zunehmende Aufwertung der osteuropäischen Standorte stattgefunden. Westliche Gewerkschaften versuchen die verstärkte Standortkonkurrenz mit Angeboten transnationaler Kooperation zu konterkarieren. Seit dem Ausbruch der globalen Finanzkrise hat sich die gesamteuropäische Arbeitsteilung erneut verschoben, da westliche Staaten und Gewerkschaften wieder verstärkt im nationalen Interesse agieren." (Autorenreferat