Seguridad, migración y educación en tiempos de pandemia

Desde la aparición del brote de covid-19 en Wuhan, China, la humanidad vivió una pandemia nunca vista, que trajo consigo efectos sociales, económicos, de salud e incluso geopolíticos. Por ello, la Universidad Sergio Arboleda con un aporte multi-campus de sus Escuelas, a través de la iniciativa Autores 4.0 de la Dirección de Publicaciones Científicas y el proyecto Show & Write, realizó una investigación con rigor científico, compromiso y responsabilidad social para contribuir con ello a enfrentar los nuevos retos de esta pandemia. Dentro de este estudio se aborda la gripe española, los impactos esperados del comercio exterior en América Latina, las migraciones y la seguridad internacional, las oportunidades de la ingeniería humanitaria para presentar soluciones, el impacto sobre la calidad del aire de Bogotá, los efectos sobre la salud mental, las innovaciones en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el quehacer del docente y la deserción estudiantil, así como un análisis econométrico sobre el impacto de las medidas de confinamiento y otras restricciones sobre la sociedad, exaltando la responsabilidad de los individuos para enfrentar la pandemia

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Key Factors Associated With Pulmonary Sequelae in the Follow-Up of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Introduction: Critical COVID-19 survivors have a high risk of respiratory sequelae. Therefore, we aimed to identify key factors associated with altered lung function and CT scan abnormalities at a follow-up visit in a cohort of critical COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Multicenter ambispective observational study in 52 Spanish intensive care units. Up to 1327 PCR-confirmed critical COVID-19 patients had sociodemographic, anthropometric, comorbidity and lifestyle characteristics collected at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters throughout hospital stay; and, lung function and CT scan at a follow-up visit. Results: The median [p25–p75] time from discharge to follow-up was 3.57 [2.77–4.92] months. Median age was 60 [53–67] years, 27.8% women. The mean (SD) percentage of predicted diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at follow-up was 72.02 (18.33)% predicted, with 66% of patients having DLCO < 80% and 24% having DLCO < 60%. CT scan showed persistent pulmonary infiltrates, fibrotic lesions, and emphysema in 33%, 25% and 6% of patients, respectively. Key variables associated with DLCO < 60% were chronic lung disease (CLD) (OR: 1.86 (1.18–2.92)), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR: 1.56 (1.37–1.77)), age (OR [per-1-SD] (95%CI): 1.39 (1.18–1.63)), urea (OR: 1.16 (0.97–1.39)) and estimated glomerular filtration rate at ICU admission (OR: 0.88 (0.73–1.06)). Bacterial pneumonia (1.62 (1.11–2.35)) and duration of ventilation (NIMV (1.23 (1.06–1.42), IMV (1.21 (1.01–1.45)) and prone positioning (1.17 (0.98–1.39)) were associated with fibrotic lesions. Conclusion: Age and CLD, reflecting patients’ baseline vulnerability, and markers of COVID-19 severity, such as duration of IMV and renal failure, were key factors associated with impaired DLCO and CT abnormalities

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa comercializadora de repuestos y accesorios para vehículos automotores

The Project entitled (study of factibility to créate company of accessories and auto parts in Armenia city) was made by Carolina González Muñoz and José Alejandro Bermudez Ocampo for opting for the profesional degree of business administrator. This Project has been developed in order to fin dan opportunity for the City of Armenia in the autopart and automotive sectors in general, in the same way, applying the knowledge acquired in the professional training process. Looking for the feasibility of creating a Supply of Spares And Accessories For Motor Vehicles Company in the city, which is certainly one of the factors with most demand in the market, because it is evident the number of vehicles which are purchased every day. For the realization of this work, it was necessary to make an approach with the auto part’s business owner in the city of Armenia, as well as those working in the field of automotive maintenance, besides this has been based on the stores that are located in the City of Pitalito (Huila), which have been managed by close relatives of those who have been developing the Project in this way, it has been possible to get information about market, technical, administrative, environmental and financial aspects, to get their completion, so their viability and thriving realization are proved.El proyecto con el título ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD PARA CREAR EMPRESA DE ACCESORIOS Y REPUESTOS AUTOMOTORES EN LA CIUDAD DE ARMENIA* se elaboró por los autores Carolina González Muñoz y José Alejandro Bermudez Ocampo** para optar el título de administrador de negocios. El presente proyecto se ha desarrollado con el fin de encontrar una oportunidad para la Ciudad de Armenia en el sector autopartista y automotriz en general, así mismo aplicando los conocimientos adquiridos en el proceso de formación profesional. Buscando la factibilidad de crear Empresa comercializadora de repuestos y accesorios para vehículos automotores en la ciudad, que sin duda es uno de los factores con mayor demanda en el mercado, ya que es evidente la cantidad de vehículos que se adquieren día a día. Para la ejecución de este trabajo, fue necesario realizar un acercamiento con los empresarios de autopartes en la Ciudad de Armenia, como también las personas que trabajan en el sector de mantenimiento en los automotores, además se ha basado en los Almacenes que están ubicados en la Ciudad de Pitalito (Huila), los cuales están a cargo de parientes cercanos de quienes han venido elaborando el proyecto y de esta manera se ha logrado recopilar información necesaria como aspectos de mercado, técnicos, administrativos, ambientales y financieros para obtener su culminación de modo que se demuestre su viabilidad y prospera ejecución.Capítulo I: Anteproyecto ................................................................. 3 Capítulo II: Aspectos generales del entorno socio-económico ....... 14 Capítulo III: Estudio de mercados ................................................... 17 Capítulo IV: Estudio técnico ............................................................ 47 Capítulo V: Estudio de la organización, aspectos legales y ambientales del proyecto .................................................................................... 67 Capítulo VI: Estudio financiero........................................................ 80PregradoAdministrador de Negocio

Obtención de plantas transgénicas de papa resistentes al virus de la papa y al virus del enrollamiento de la hoja de papa mediante transformación con Agrobacteriumtumefaciens

IP 1101-12-004-93v.1. Informe final -- v.2. Tranformation of solanaceous specieswith coatprotein gene and full-length cDNAs of potato leafroll virus / by Liliana Franco Lara.LIBRO(S): Proceedings / International Workshop on Transgenic Technology inPlants (1 : 1994 Oct. 24-Nov. 4 :;resistance of potato crops in Colombia by transgenic technology/ O. Acosta, H. Barker and M.A. Mayo. -- En:;Fitopatologia colombiana. -- vol. 18, no. 1-2 (jun. 1994);p.66-77. -- ISSN 01200143.;Bogotá) ; edited by Orlando Acosta y Kara D. Webster. -- Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia :;Cientifica, c1996. -- 212 p. : il. ; 27 cm. -- PONENCIA(S)ENCONGRESO: Expression of bar gene in transgenic;tobacco plants / A. Chaparro ...[et al.] -- En: EncuentroLatinoamericanode Biotecnologia Vegetal (2 : 1995;jun. 4-9 : Puerto Iguazu, Argentina) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 1995. --p. ; 28 cm. -- Plantas transgenicas de tabaco;resistentes a fosfinotricina / Alejandro Chaparro ... [etal.]-'- en: Memorias Congreso de la Asociacion;Colombiana de Fitopatologia y Ciencias Afines (15 : 1994 ago.31-sep. 2 :Santafe de Bogotá). -- Santafe de;Bogotá : Ascolfi, 1994. -- p. ; 28 cm. -- Establecimientode unametodologia para el mejoramiento no;convencional de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) mediante transformacion con Agrobacterium tumefaciens / A. Chaparro;...[et al.] -- En: Memorias Congreso de la Asociacion Colombianade Fitopatologia y Ciencias Afines (15 : 1994;ago. 31-sep. 2 : Santafe de Bogotá). -- Santafe de Bogotá: Ascolfi, 1994.-- p. ; 28 cm. -- ARTICULO(S) EN;REVISTA: Caracterizacion molecular de plantas transgenicasdetabaco que expresan resistencia a Kanamicina,;beta-glucuronidasa / Liz Patricia Moreno ...[et al.]. -- En: Revista de laAsociacion Colombiana de Ciencias;Biologicas. -- vol. 10, no. 1-2 (jun.-dic. 1998); p. 58-67. --ISSN 01204173 -- Prospects for improving viru

Real-Life Impact of Glucocorticoid Treatment in COVID-19 Mortality: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

We aimed to determine the impact of steroid use in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality, in a retrospective cohort study of the SEMICOVID19 database of admitted patients with SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed pneumonia from 131 Spanish hospitals. Patients treated with corticosteroids were compared to patients not treated with corticosteroids; and adjusted using a propensity-score for steroid treatment. From March-July 2020, 5.262 (35.26%) were treated with corticosteroids and 9.659 (64.73%) were not. In-hospital mortality overall was 20.50%; it was higher in patients treated with corticosteroids than in controls (28.5% versus 16.2%, OR 2.068 [95% confidence interval; 1.908 to 2.242]; p = 0.0001); however, when adjusting by occurrence of ARDS, mortality was significantly lower in the steroid group (43.4% versus 57.6%; OR 0.564 [95% confidence interval; 0.503 to 0.633]; p = 0.0001). Moreover, the greater the respiratory failure, the greater the impact on mortality of the steroid treatment. When adjusting these results including the propensity score as a covariate, in-hospital mortality remained significantly lower in the steroid group (OR 0.774 [0.660 to 0.907], p = 0.002). Steroid treatment reduced mortality by 24% relative to no steroid treatment (RRR 0.24). These results support the use of glucocorticoids in COVID-19 in this subgroup of patients