589 research outputs found
Mock Catalogs for UHECR Studies
We provide realistic mock-catalogs of cosmic rays above 40 EeV, for a pure
proton composition, assuming their sources are a random subset of ordinary
galaxies in a simulated, volume-limited survey, for various choices of source
density: 10^-3.5 Mpc^-3, 10^-4.0 Mpc^-3 and 10^-4.5 Mpc^-3. The spectrum at the
source is taken to be E^-2.3 and the effects of cosmological redshifting as
well as photo-pion and e^+ e^- energy losses are included.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
The Dark Side of Galaxy Color: evidence from new SDSS measurements of galaxy clustering and lensing
The age matching model has recently been shown to predict correctly the
luminosity L and g-r color of galaxies residing within dark matter halos. The
central tenet of the model is intuitive: older halos tend to host galaxies with
older stellar populations. In this paper, we demonstrate that age matching also
correctly predicts the g-r color trends exhibited in a wide variety of
statistics of the galaxy distribution for stellar mass M* threshold samples. In
particular, we present new measurements of the galaxy two-point correlation
function and the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal as a function of M* and g-r color
from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and show that age matching exhibits
remarkable agreement with these and other statistics of low-redshift galaxies.
In so doing, we also demonstrate good agreement between the galaxy-galaxy
lensing observed by SDSS and the signal predicted by abundance matching, a new
success of this model. We describe how age matching is a specific example of a
larger class of Conditional Abundance Matching models (CAM), a theoretical
framework we introduce here for the first time. CAM provides a general
formalism to study correlations at fixed mass between any galaxy property and
any halo property. The striking success of our simple implementation of CAM
provides compelling evidence that this technique has the potential to describe
the same set of data as alternative models, but with a dramatic reduction in
the required number of parameters. CAM achieves this reduction by exploiting
the capability of contemporary N-body simulations to determine dark matter halo
properties other than mass alone, which distinguishes our model from
conventional approaches to the galaxy-halo connection.Comment: references added, minor adjustments to text and notatio
Mind the Gap: Tightening the Mass-Richness Relation with Magnitude Gaps
We investigate the potential to improve optical tracers of cluster mass by
exploiting measurements of the magnitude gap, m12, defined as the difference
between the r-band absolute magnitude of the two brightest cluster members. We
find that in a mock sample of galaxy groups and clusters constructed from the
Bolshoi simulation, the scatter about the mass-richness relation decreases by
15-20% when magnitude gap information is included. A similar trend is evident
in a volume-limited, spectroscopic sample of galaxy groups observed in the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that SDSS groups with small magnitude
gaps are richer than large-gap groups at fixed values of the one-dimensional
velocity dispersion among group members sigma_v, which we use as a mass proxy.
We demonstrate explicitly that m12 contains information about cluster mass that
supplements the information provided by group richness and the luminosity of
the brightest cluster galaxy, L_bcg. In so doing, we show that the luminosities
of the members of a group with richness N are inconsistent with the
distribution of luminosities that results from N random draws from the global
galaxy luminosity function. As the cosmological constraining power of galaxy
clusters is limited by the precision in cluster mass determination, our
findings suggest a new way to improve the cosmological constraints derived from
galaxy clusters.Comment: references adde
Systematic Effects on Determination of the Growth Factor from Redshift-space Distortions
The linear growth factor of density perturbations is believed to be a
powerful observable of future redshift surveys to probe physical properties of
dark energy and to distinguish among gravity theories. We investigate
systematic effects on determination of the growth factor f from a measurement
of redshift-space distortions. Using N-body simulations we identify dark matter
halos over a broad mass range. We compute the power spectra and correlation
functions for the halos and then examine how well the redshift distortion
parameter beta=f/b can be reconstructed as a function of halo mass. We find
that beta measured for a fixed halo mass is generally a function of scale even
on large scales, in contrast with the common expectation that beta approaches a
constant described by Kaiser's formula on such scales. The scale dependence
depends on the halo mass, being stronger for smaller halos. It also cannot be
easily explained with the well-known distribution function of the halo peculiar
velocities. We demonstrate that the biasing for smaller halos has larger
nonlinearity and stochasticity, thus the linear bias assumption becomes worse
for smaller halos. Only for massive halos with b>1.5, beta approaches the
linear theory prediction on scales of r or pi/k>30Mpc/h. Luminous red galaxies
(LRG), targeted by the SDSS-III's BOSS survey, tend to reside in very massive
halos. Our results indicate that if the LRG is used for the measurement of
redshift distortions, f can be measured unbiasedly. On the other hand, if one
considers to use emission line galaxies, which are targeted by the BigBOSS
survey and inhabited in halos of a broad mass range, the scale dependence of
beta must be taken into account carefully; otherwise one might give incorrect
constraints on dark energy or modified gravity theories. We also find that beta
reconstructed in Fourier space behaves better than that in configuration space.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ, revised according to referee
repor
Type II Supernova Light Curves and Spectra From the CfA
We present multiband photometry of 60 spectroscopically-confirmed supernovae
(SN): 39 SN II/IIP, 19 IIn, one IIb and one that was originally classified as a
IIn but later as a Ibn. Forty-six have only optical photometry, six have only
near infrared (NIR) photometry and eight have both optical and NIR. The median
redshift of the sample is 0.016. We also present 192 optical spectra for 47 of
the 60 SN. All data are publicly available. There are 26 optical and two NIR
light curves of SN II/IIP with redshifts z > 0.01, some of which may give rise
to useful distances for cosmological applications. All photometry was obtained
between 2000 and 2011 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO), via the
1.2m and 1.3m PAIRITEL telescopes for the optical and NIR, respectively. Each
SN was observed in a subset of the bands. There are a total
of 2932 optical and 816 NIR light curve points. Optical spectra were obtained
using the FLWO 1.5m Tillinghast telescope with the FAST spectrograph and the
MMT Telescope with the Blue Channel Spectrograph. Our photometry is in
reasonable agreement with other samples from the literature. Comparison with
Pan-STARRS shows that two-thirds of our individual star sequences have
weighted-mean V offsets within 0.02 mag. In comparing our standard-system
SN light curves with common Carnegie Supernova Project objects using their
color terms, we found that roughly three-quarters have average differences
within 0.04 mag. The data from this work and the literature will provide
insight into SN II explosions, help with developing methods for photometric SN
classification, and contribute to their use as cosmological distance
indicators.Comment: Accepted to ApJS. TAR of light curves and star sequences here:
https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/fmalcolm2017/cfa_snII_lightcurvesndstars.june2017.tar
... Spectra can be found here:
https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/fmalcolm2017/cfaspec_snII.tar.gz ...
Passbands and plot of spectra can be found here:
https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/SNarchive.htm
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