Self-compassion hos barn

Self-compassion has not yet been studied in younger children. The aim of this study was to explore self-compassion in children between 10-13 years of age and examine how self-compassion is related to well-being and social perspective-taking. In addition we wanted to explore possible age or sex differences in self-compassion. The participants consisted of 228 children from two elementary schools in the south of Sweden. The children were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire assessing selfcompassion, well-being in school and psychological distress. Selmans structured interview measuring social perspective-taking skills in children, was made with 30 of the children who completed the questionnaire. The result showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-compassion and well-being in school, and a negative and significant relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress. No significant correlation was found between self-compassion and social perspective-taking. Neither did the study find any differences based on sex or age for self-compassion. In summary the study showed that self-compassion is positively related to well-being in children between 10-13 years of age. Some of the results for self-compassion in this study differ from former studies done on adults. This suggests that self-compassion might operate differently in children and adults

Increase in cellular glutamate levels stimulates exocytosis in pancreatic β-cells

AbstractGlutamate has been implicated as an intracellular messenger in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to glucose. Here we demonstrate by measurements of cell capacitance in rat pancreatic β-cells that glutamate (1 mM) enhanced Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. Glutamate (1 mM) also stimulated insulin secretion from permeabilized rat β-cells. The effect was dose-dependent (half-maximum at 5.1 mM) and maximal at 10 mM glutamate. Glutamate-induced exocytosis was stronger in rat β-cells and clonal INS-1E cells compared to β-cells isolated from mice and in parental INS-1 cells, which correlated with the expressed levels of glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate-induced exocytosis was inhibited by the protonophores FCCP and SF6847, by the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and by the glutamate transport inhibitor Evans Blue. Our data provide evidence that exocytosis in β-cells can be modulated by physiological increases in cellular glutamate levels. The results suggest that stimulation of exocytosis is associated with accumulation of glutamate in the secretory granules, a process that is dependent on the transgranular proton gradient

Timing and Nature of the Deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway

Tectonic changes that produced a deep Tasmanian Gateway between Australia and Antarctica are widely invoked as the major mechanism for Antarctic cryosphere growth and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) development during the Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) transition (∼34–33 Ma). Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 189 recovered near-continuous marine sedimentary records across the E/O transition interval at four sites around Tasmania. These records are largely barren of calcareous microfossils but contain a rich record of siliceous- and organic-walled marine microfossils. In this study we integrate micropaleontological, sedimentological, geochemical, and paleomagnetic data from Site 1172 (East Tasman Plateau) to identify four distinct phases (A–D) in the E/O Tasmanian Gateway deepening that are correlative among ODP Leg 189 sites. Phase A, prior to ∼35.5 Ma: minor initial deepening characterized by a shallow marine prodeltaic setting with initial condensation episodes. Phase B, ∼35.5–33.5 Ma: increased deepening marked by the onset of major glauconitic deposition and inception of energetic bottom-water currents. Phase C, ∼33.5–30.2 Ma: further deepening to bathyal depths, with episodic erosion by increasingly energetic bottom-water currents. Phase D, \u3c30.2 Ma: establishment of stable, open-ocean, warm-temperate, oligotrophic settings characterized by siliceous-carbonate ooze deposition. Our combined evidence indicates that this early Oligocene Tasmanian Gateway deepening initially produced an eastward flow of relatively warm surface waters from the Australo-Antarctic Gulf into the southwestern Pacific Ocean. This “proto-Leeuwin” current fundamentally differs from previous regional reconstructions of eastward flowing cool water (e.g., a “proto-ACC”) during the early Oligocene and thereby represents an important new constraint for reconstructing regional- to global-scale dynamics for this major global change event

Sambanden mellan flexibelt arbete, privatliv och stress

Flexibelt arbete blir ett alltmer vanligt sätt att arbeta. Tekniken gör det allt svårare att urskilja gränserna mellan privat- och arbetsliv. Därför blir det intressant att undersöka om flexibelt arbetet har någon relation till privatlivet samt om stress har något samband till flexibelt arbete och privatliv. En enkätstudie genomfördes på två organisationer, undersökningen innehöll 136 deltagare varav 78 kvinnor. Enkäten innehöll frågor om stress, privatliv och flexibelt arbete. Resultatet visar att kvinnor i åldrarna 35-46  arbetade mer flexibelt än andra kvinnor i studien. Männen i studien arbetade mest flexibelt i åldrarna 56-65 och de som var i åldrarna 35-46. Det flexibla arbetet hade en relation till privatlivet och det tenderade att finnas ett negativt samband mellan flexibelt arbetet och stress. En av slutsatserna för studien är att det bör vara upp till var och en att bestämma om flexibelt arbetet är något för dem

Intraprenörskapets olika skepnader : En kvalitativ studie om att finna det som karaktäriseras för ett intraprenörskap och dess möjliggörande i organisationer

By interviewing 10 people in leadership positions from various companies and      countries, this thesis had as main objective to find out how the view the of what environment promotes the intrapreneur to make the organizations more competitive and successful. By transcribing and interpreting the interviews, we have found the keywords that could answer our research question. Our method has been based on a qualitative approach with an inductive direction. The leadership has been shown to have a significant role in terms of company culture and the intrapreneurs ability to contribute to the development of the organizations. The culture is essential. If allowed, the intraprenur will have an impact on both strategies and operational conduct. This thesis highlights intraprenuer promotion roles within the organization

Involvement of Protein Kinase C-ϵ in Inositol Hexakisphosphate-induced Exocytosis in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells

Inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) plays a pivotal role in the pancreatic β-cell stimulus-secretion coupling. We have used capacitance measurements to study the effects of InsP6 on Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in single mouse pancreatic β-cells. In the presence of inhibitors of the protein phosphatase calcineurin to block endocytosis, intracellular application of InsP6 produced a dose-dependent stimulation of exocytosis, and half-maximal effect was observed at 22 μm. The stimulatory effect of InsP6 was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific PKC isoforms (α, βII, δ, ϵ, ξ) revealed the involvement of PKC-ϵ in InsP6-induced exocytosis. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative PKC-ϵ abolished InsP6-evoked exocytosis, whereas expression of wild-type PKC-ϵ led to a significant stimulation of InsP6-induced exocytosis. These data demonstrate that PKC-ϵ is involved in InsP6-induced exocytosis in pancreatic β-cells

The quality of preoperative diagnostics and surgery and their impact on delays in breast cancer treatment - A population based study

Background and objectives: This study aims to clarify quality of breast cancer surgery in population-based setting. We aim to elucidate factors influencing waiting periods, and to evaluate the effect of hospital volume on surgical treatment policies. Special interest was given to diagnostic and surgical processes and their impact on waiting times. Methods: All 1307 patients having primary breast cancer surgery at the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District during 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Results: Median waiting time for primary surgery was 24 days and significantly affected by additional imaging and diagnostic biopsies as well as hospital volume. Final rate of breast conserving surgery was surprisingly low, 51%, not affected by hospital volume, p = 0.781. Oncoplastic resection and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) were performed more often in high volume units, p <0.001. Quality of axillary surgery varied with unit size. Multiple operations, IBR and high volume unit were factors prolonging initiation of adjuvant treatment. Conclusion: Quality of preoperative diagnostics play a crucial role in minimizing the need of repeated imaging and biopsies as well as multiple operations. Positive impact of high-volume hospitals becomes evident when analyzing procedures requiring advanced surgical techniques. High-volume hospitals achieved better quality in axillary surgery. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Rapid Association of Protein Kinase C-ϵ with Insulin Granules Is Essential for Insulin Exocytosis

Glucose-dependent exocytosis of insulin requires activation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, because of the great variety of isoforms and their ubiquitous distribution within the β-cell, it is difficult to predict the importance of a particular isoform and its mode of action. Previous data revealed that two PKC isoforms (α and ϵ) translocate to membranes in response to glucose (Zaitzev, S. V., Efendic, S., Arkhammar, P., Bertorello, A. M., and Berggren, P. O. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 9712–9716). Using confocal microscopy, we have now established that in response to glucose, PKC-ϵ but not PKC-α associates with insulin granules and that green fluorescent protein-tagged PKC-ϵ changes its distribution within the cell periphery upon stimulation of β-cells with glucose. Definite evidence of PKC-ϵ requirement during insulin granule exocytosis was obtained by using a dominant negative mutant of this isoform. The presence of this mutant abolished glucose-induced insulin secretion, whereas transient expression of the wild-type PKC-ϵ led to a significant increase in insulin exocytosis. These results suggest that association of PKC-ϵ with insulin granule membranes represents an important component of the secretory network because it is essential for insulin exocytosis in response to glucose

Phentolamine Inhibits Exocytosis of Glucagon by Gi2 Protein-dependent Activation of Calcineurin in Rat Pancreatic α-Cells

Capacitance measurements were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which imidazoline compounds inhibit glucagon release in rat pancreatic α-cells. The imidazoline compound phentolamine reversibly decreased depolarization-evoked exocytosis >80% without affecting the whole-cell Ca2+ current. During intracellular application through the recording pipette, phentolamine produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the rate of exocytosis (IC50 = 9.7 μm). Another imidazoline compound, RX871024, exhibited similar effects on exocytosis (IC50 = 13 μm). These actions were dependent on activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi2proteins but were not associated with stimulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels or adenylate cyclase activity. The inhibitory effect of phentolamine on exocytosis resulted from activation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin and was abolished by cyclosporin A and deltamethrin. Exocytosis was not affected by intracellular application of specific α2, I1, and I2ligands. Phentolamine reduced glucagon release (IC50 = 1.2 μm) from intact islets by 40%, an effect abolished by pertussis toxin, cyclosporin A, and deltamethrin. These data suggest that imidazoline compounds inhibit glucagon secretion via Gi2-dependent activation of calcineurin in the pancreatic α-cell. The imidazoline binding site is likely to be localized intracellularly and probably closely associated with the secretory granules