The Nexus between Migration and Development in EU External Action: No Quick Fix. IES Policy Brief Issue 2019/08 • November 2019

For the next Multiannual Financial Framework, the Commission has proposed a new mega instrument in the area of external action that will make migration a key focus of the EU’s development cooperation. The nexus between migration and development will thus take centre stage in the EU’s engagement with third countries. In this context, it is interesting to look at current policies combining external migration governance with development cooperation. While the EU seems to assume that policies concerning migration and development cooperation are coherent, a closer look reveals that this is not always the case. Particularly concerning aid conditionality and the emphasis on short-term versus longterm goals, development cooperation and migration policies have different objectives, at times leading to incoherence in the EU’s external policies

Understanding the subject : Woolf's use of the bildungsroman in The Voyage Out and Jacob's Room

This project explores the way in which Virginia Woolf uses and subverts the classic nineteenthcentury genre, the Bildungsroman in her first novel (The Voyage Out) and her third novel (Jacob's Room) in order to posit questions about understanding subjectivity. Virginia Woolf's later novels are written in a prose style commonly called "stream-of-consciousness" or "mindstyle" that her first novel is not, and her third novel, although attempts this style of prose, is quite novice in its execution. Essentially, this project argues that it was through Woolf's use and complication of the Bildungsroman genre that she was able to pose philosophical questions about subjectivity and human understanding-- never answered in a concrete manner--that develop into her later, most famous style of prose in novels such as Mrs. Dalloway. This paper builds on Gregory Castle's scholarly book, The Modernist Bildungsroman, which was written in response to Franco Moretti's seminal book, The Way of the World.Dr. Frances Dickey, Thesis Supervisor.Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58)

Quebec Seeks Solutions: An Economic Development Agency's Role in Local Open Innovation

This article offers an economic-development perspective on a new method for local companies to find innovative solutions to their most challenging business problems: local open innovation. Quebec International, the economic development agency for the Quebec City area, contributed to the development of the Seeking Solutions approach to local open innovation, which included the hosting of problem-solving conferences with local research centres, economic development actors, and companies. Looking back on our experiences and outcomes since 2010, this article shows how the development and introduction of this new approach to local open innovation has changed the rules of the game in the region

The nexus between migration and development in EU external action : no quick fix

For the next Multiannual Financial Framework, the Commission has proposed a new mega instrument in the area of external action that will make migration a key focus of the EU’s development cooperation. The nexus between migration and development will thus take centre stage in the EU’s engagement with third countries. In this context, it is interesting to look at current policies combining external migration governance with development cooperation. While the EU seems to assume that policies concerning migration and development cooperation are coherent, a closer look reveals that this is not always the case. Particularly concerning aid conditionality and the emphasis on short-term versus long-term goals, development cooperation and migration policies have different objectives, at times leading to incoherence in the EU’s external policies

Spanische Bezüge bei E. T. A. Hoffmann

Es soll der Versuch unternommen werden, die Nachricht von den neuesten Schicksalen des Hundes Berganza und das Coloquio de los perros, das 1613 als vorletzte der insgesamt zwölf Novelas ejemplares Cervantes’ erschien und Hoffmann in der deutschen Ausgabe von Dietrich Wilhelm Soltau vorlag, auf ihre Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu vergleichen. Der direkte Vergleich mit dem Coloquio trägt einerseits dazu bei, die Anspielungen und Verweise zu verstehen, die Hoffmann fortlaufend in seine Erzählung einstreut, und andererseits zu einem besseren Verständnis der literarischen Schaffensweise des Autors. Darüber hinaus sollte aber nicht vergessen werden, daß es sich bei Hoffmanns Text um ein eigenständiges Werk handelt, das auch ohne die Lektüre Cervantes’ als das zu verstehen ist, was es ist: eine ironisch-satirische, witzig-humorvolle Erzählung mit einem Hund als Helden, der sein Umfeld parodiert und kritisch betrachtet und sich überdies äußerst verständig in Sachen der Kunst erweist. Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet Hoffmanns Bearbeitung des "Kolloquiums", die neben ihrem inhaltlichen und sprachlichen Bezug auf die spanische Vorlage auch auf ihre literarischen Mittel hin untersucht werden soll

A rapid and inexpensive viability assay for zoospores and zoosporangia of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is causing global amphibian declines. Here we describe a simple, rapid and inexpensive methylene blue staining protocol to determine B. dendrobatidis viability, regardless of life-stage. The viability of cells in suspension or adherent monolayers can be determined using either manual microscopy counting or colorimetric assay

Glutathione is required for growth and cadmium tolerance in the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a lethal amphibian pathogen, partly due to its ability to evade the immune system of susceptible frog species. In many pathogenic fungi, the antioxidant glutathione is a virulence factor that helps neutralize oxidative stressors generated from host immune cells, as well as other environmental stressors such as heavy metals. The role of glutathione in stress tolerance in Bd has not been investigated. Here, we examine the changes in the glutathione pool after stress exposure and quantify the effect of glutathione depletion on cell growth and stress tolerance. Depletion of glutathione repressed growth and release of zoospores, indicating that glutathione is essential for life cycle completion in Bd. Supplementation with 2 mM were strongly inhibitory to Bd cells. While hydrogen peroxide exposure lowered the total cellular glutathione levels by 42 %, glutathione depletion did not increase the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Exposure to cadmium increased total cellular glutathione levels by 93 %. Glutathione-depleted cells were more sensitive to cadmium, and this effect was attenuated by glutathione supplementation, suggesting that glutathione plays an important role in cadmium tolerance. The effects of heat and salt were exacerbated by the addition of exogenous glutathione. The impact of glutathione levels on Bd stress sensitivity may help explain differences in host susceptibility to chytridiomycosis and may provide opportunities for synergistic therapeutic