Age structure in a newly established and increasing population: initially high proportion of young birds among nesting Great Grey Owls.

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Barnehusevalueringen 2012 : delrapport 1 : barnehusmodellens implikasjoner for politiets arbeid med fokus på dommeravhør og rettsmedisinsk undersøkelse

«Barnehusene» er et tverrfaglig, samlokalisert tiltak rettet mot barn og unge utsatt for seksuelle overgrep eller vold, eller som har vært vitne til vold. Det første barnehuset i Norge ble opprettet i 2007, og det er nå barnehus i Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Kristiansand, Hamar, Tromsø og Stavanger - det åttende åpner i Ålesund i løpet av 2012. På barnehusene gjennomføres dommeravhør, rettsmedisinsk undersøkelse, rådgivning og behandling. Ordningen går ut på at fagfolkene kommer til den som har vært utsatt for overgrep, slik at han eller hun slipper å forholde seg til mange ulike instanser. Det er lagt vekt på at lokalene skal være innbydende og funksjonelle, og være tilpasset barn og ungdom i ulike aldersgrupper. I rapporten presenteres barnehusenes historikk, erfaringer med barnehus fra andre land, og ikke minst hvilke erfaringer man så langt har med de norske barnehusene. Grunnlagsmaterialet bygger på intervjuer, spørreundersøkelser og dokumenter. Våre funn viser at måten dommeravhørene gjennomføres på ikke endres i barehusene, men at rammevilkårene for dommeravhørene har blitt vesentlig bedre. Det tverrfaglige samarbeidet vurderes som positivt, og til tross for en del utfordringer, er impliserte aktører i hovedsak tilfreds med arbeidet ved barnehusenes. På noen områder er det samtidig behov for avklaringer. Dette gjelder både rammebetingelser og målgrupper, og spørsmål knyttet til gjennomføringen av rettsmedisinsk undersøkelse

Up-regulation of uPARAP/Endo180 during culture activation of rat hepatic stellate cells and its presence in hepatic stellate cell lines from different species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor associated protein (uPARAP)/Endo180 is a novel endocytic receptor that mediates collagen uptake and is implicated to play a role in physiological and pathological tissue-remodelling processes by mediating intracellular collagen degradation.</p> <p>Result</p> <p>This study investigates the expression of uPARAP/Endo180 protein and messenger RNA in primary rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cultures. The results show that uPARAP/Endo180 protein is not expressed in freshly isolated HSCs or during the first few days of culture while the cells still display quiescent features. In contrast, uPARAP/Endo180 protein is expressed early during HSC activation when cells are transdifferentiated into myofibroblast-like cells. Very low levels of uPARAP/Endo180 mRNA are detectable during the first days of culture but uPARAP/Endo180 mRNA is strongly up-regulated with increasing time in culture. Moreover, endocytic uptake of denatured collagen increases as transdifferentiation proceeds over time and correlates with increased expression of uPARAP/Endo180. Finally, analysis of uPARAP/Endo180 expression in four hepatic stellate cell lines from three different species showed that all these cell lines express uPARAP/Endo180 and are able to take up denatured collagen efficiently.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results demonstrate that uPARAP/Endo180 expression by rat HSCs is strongly up-regulated during culture activation and identify this receptor as a feature common to culture-activated HSCs.</p

ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI: hormonal regulation in primary rat hepatocytes and human cell lines

BACKGROUND: Scavenger receptor type B class I (SR-BI), ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1) -and G1 (ABCG1) all play important roles in the reverse cholesterol transport. Reverse cholesterol transport is a mechanism whereby the body can eliminate excess cholesterol. Here, the regulation of SR-BI, ABCA1, and ABCG1 by dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) and insulin were studied in order to gain more insight into the role of these two hormones in the cholesterol metabolism. RESULTS: By use of real time RT-PCR and Western blotting we examined the expression of our target genes. The results show that SR-BI, ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression increased in response to dexamethasone while insulin treatment reduced the expression in primary rat hepatocytes. The stimulatory effect of dexamethasone was reduced by the addition of the anti-glucocorticoid mifepristone. In HepG2 cells and THP-1 macrophages, however, the effect of dexamethasone was absent or inhibitory with no significant change in the presence of mifepristone. The latter observation may be a result of the low protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in these cell lines. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrates that insulin and glucocorticoids, two hormones crucial in the carbohydrate metabolism, also play an important role in the regulation of genes central in reverse cholesterol transport. We found a marked difference in mRNA expression between the primary cells and the two established cell lines when studying the effect of dexamethasone which may result from the varying expression levels of GR

Short communication: Distribution of psychotropic drugs into lipoproteins

Under embargo until: 2020-12-01Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether psychotropic drugs frequently analyzed in a routine therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory bind to low-density lipoproteins/very-low-density lipoproteins (LDL/VLDL) in human serum. Methods: Drug concentrations in 20 serum sample pools containing one psychotropic drug each, and in the LDL/VLDL fractions extracted from the same samples, were measured by triple quadrupole liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The membrane permeability of the drugs was measured using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. Results: Of the 20 antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics examined, 7 drugs were detected in both the pooled serum samples and in the LDL/VLDL fraction. Binding of drugs to LDL/VLDL significantly correlated with high octanol: water partition coefficient (logP), high degree of protein binding, and a low polar surface area. The drugs found in LDL/VLDL, with the exception of aripiprazole, were also characterized by high or intermediate membrane permeability. Conclusions: The present results indicate that psychotropic drugs with certain characteristics bind to LDL/VLDL in blood. This further implies that lipoproteins could play an important role in drug transport.acceptedVersio

Evaluering av velferdsteknologi - Et helhetlig rammeverk for effektevaluering

Rapporten presenterer et rammeverk som strukturerer arbeidet med kartlegging, måling og verdsetting av ulike effekter, på en måte som ivaretar et helhetlig perspektiv i evaluering av økonomiske og andre samfunnsmessige effekter av velfersteknologi. Vi foreslår å benytte en konsekvensmodell som gir en systematisk tilnærming for å kartlegge endring og primær- og sekundæreffekter innenfor de ulike effektkategoriene. Videre kan konsekvensmodellen bidra til å systematisere prissettingen av de kartlagte effektene, i den grad man ønsker å gjøre en økonomisk evaluering. For å vise hvordan evalueringsrammeverket kan tas i bruk i praksis, illustrerer vi metodikken med et eksempel fra Ladesletta Helse- og velferdssenter (HVS) i Trondheim hvor vi evaluerer et pasientvarslingsanlegg med tilknyttet elektronisk nøkkelsystem og lokaliseringssensorer. Utarbeidelsen av rammeverket har gitt innsikt om behov for metodeutvikling, spesielt når det gjelder kartlegging, måling og verdsetting av samfunnsøkonomiske effekter av velferdsteknologi.publishedVersio

Rate of avoidable deaths in a Norwegian hospital trust as judged by retrospective chart review.

BACKGROUND: The proportion of avoidable hospital deaths is challenging to estimate, but has great implications for quality improvement and health policy. Many studies and monitoring tools are based on selected high-risk populations, which may overestimate the proportion. Mandatory reporting systems, however, under-report. We hypothesise that a review of an unselected sample of hospital deaths will provide an estimate of avoidability in-between the estimates from these methods. METHODS: A retrospective case record review of an unselected population of 1000 consecutive non-psychiatric hospital deaths in a Norwegian hospital trust was conducted. Reviewers evaluated to what degree each death could have been avoided, and identified problems in care. RESULTS: We found 42 (4.2%) of deaths to be at least probably avoidable (more than 50% chance of avoidability). Life expectancy was shortened by at least 1 year among 34 of the 42 patients with an avoidable death. Patients whose death was found to be avoidable were less functionally dependent compared with patients in the non-avoidable death group. The surgical department had the greatest proportion of such deaths. Very few of the avoidable deaths were reported to the hospital's report system. CONCLUSIONS: Avoidable hospital deaths occur less frequently than estimated by the national monitoring tool, but much more frequently than reported through mandatory reporting systems. Regular reviews of an unselected sample of hospital deaths are likely to provide a better estimate of the proportion of avoidable deaths than the current methods

Исследование различных факторов, влияющих на окалинообразование и потери металла на угар при нагреве

Материалы XIV Междунар. науч.-техн. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 24–25 апр. 2014 г

Fiskeriaktiviteten i området Lofoten - Barentshavet. Delrapport til konsekvensutredning for fiskeri, havbruk og skipstrafikk

Rapporten om fiskeriaktiviteten i området Lofoten – Barentshavet gir en grov beskrivelse av de ulike fiskeriene som foregår i dette området. Fiskeriaktiviteten i området er beskrevet i forhold til fiskeslag, redskapstyper og fangstområder