ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI BAWANG PUTIH DESA NUNLEU KECAMATAN AMANATUN SELATAN KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

This research aims to: (1) To determine the technical efficiency value of garlic in Nunleu Village, South Amanatun District, South Central Timor Regency; (2) To determine the value of the effect of Garlic Technical Inefficiency in Nunleu Village, South Amanatun District, South Central Timor Regency. Location in Nunleu Village, South Amanatun District, South Central Timor Regency, in August – February 2023. The sample was taken using simple random sampling, namely 60 KKT out of a total of 200 KKT. The research results show that the average technical efficiency value for garlic in Nunleu Village, South Amanatun District, North Central Timor Regency is 0.89, meaning that garlic farming has achieved technical efficiency. Factors that influence garlic production are land area, seeds, fertilizer, while labor has no influence on garlic production in Nunleu Village. Based on the Gamma value, it shows that 83 percent captures the effects of inefficiency from internal factors such as age, number of dependents, level of education and experience, while 17 percent is influenced by external factors such as climate and disease. Factors that influence technical inefficiency are age, number of dependents, level of education while experience does not capture the effect of technical inefficiency of Bwang Putih farming in Nunleu Village, South Amanatun District, South Central Timor Regency. Key words: Garlic, Efficiency, Timor Tengah Selatan INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Untuk Mengetahui Nilai Efisiensi Teknis Bawang putih di Desa Nunleu kecamatan Amanatun Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan; (2) Untuk Mengetahui nilai efek Inefisiensi Teknis Bawang Putih di Desa Nunleu Kecamatan Amanatun Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Lokasi Di Desa Nunleu Kecamatan Amanatun Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Pada Bulan Agustus – Februari 2023.Sampelnya diambil secara simple random sampling yaitu sebesar 60 KKT dari jumlah 200 KKT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai efisiensi teknis bawang putih di Desa Nunleu Kecamatan Amanatun Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara 0,89 berarti usahatani bawang putih telah mencapai efisiensi teknis. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi bawang putih adalah luas lahan, bibit, pupuk sedangkan tenaga kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi Bawang Putih di Desa Nunleu. Berdasrkan nilai Gamma menunjukkan bahwa 83 persen menangkap efek inefiesiensi dari faktor internal seperti umur, jumlah tanggungan, tingkat pendidikan, dan pengalaman sedangkan 17 persen dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal seperti iklim dan penyakit. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inefesiensi teknis adalah umur, jumlah tanggungan, tingkat pendidikan sedangkan pengalaman tidak menangkap efek inefisiensi teknis usahatani Bwang Putih di Desa Nunleu Kecamatan Amanatun Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan.   Kata kunci: Bawang Putih, Efisiensi, Timor Tengah Selatan 

BENTUK TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF PADA INTERAKSI GURU DAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI MAUBELI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuktindak tutur direktif pada interaksi guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Maubeli. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah tindak tutur direktif guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri Maubeli. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik simak bebas libat cakap (SBLC), teknik rekam, teknik catat.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat bentuk tindak tutur direktif memerintah, memohon, menuntut, menantang dan menyarankan

The medical licensing examination debate

National licensing examinations are typically large-scale examinations taken early in a career or near the point of graduation, and, importantly, success is required to subsequently be able to practice. They are becoming increasingly popular as a method of quality assurance in the medical workforce, but debate about their contribution to patient safety and the improvement of healthcare outcomes continues. A systematic review of the national licensing examination literature demonstrates that there is disagreement between assessment experts about the strengths and challenges of licensing examinations. This is characterized by a trans-Atlantic divide between the dominance of psychometric reliability assurance in North America and the wider interpretations of validity, to include consequences, in Europe. We conclude that the debate might benefit from refocusing to what a national licensing examination should assess: to achieve a balance between assessing a breadth of skills and the capacity for such skills in practice, and focusing less on reproducibility

The transition from medical student to junior doctor: today's experiences of Tomorrow's Doctors.

CONTEXT Medical education in the UK has recently undergone radical reform. Tomorrow's Doctors has prescribed undergraduate curriculum change and the Foundation Programme has overhauled postgraduate education. OBJECTIVES This study explored the experiences of junior doctors during their first year of clinical practice. In particular, the study sought to gain an understanding of how junior doctors experienced the transition from the role of student to that of practising doctor and how well their medical school education had prepared them for this. METHODS The study used qualitative methods comprising of semi-structured interviews and audio diary recordings with newly qualified doctors based at the Peninsula Foundation School in the UK. Purposive sampling was used and 31 of 186 newly qualified doctors self-selected from five hospital sites. All 31 participants were interviewed once and 17 were interviewed twice during the year. Ten of the participants also kept audio diaries. Interview and audio diary data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed with the aid of a qualitative data analysis software package. RESULTS The findings show that, despite recent curriculum reforms, most participants still found the transition stressful. Dealing with their newly gained responsibility, managing uncertainty, working in multi-professional teams, experiencing the sudden death of patients and feeling unsupported were important themes. However, the stress of transition was reduced by the level of clinical experience gained in the undergraduate years. CONCLUSIONS Medical schools need to ensure that students are provided with early exposure to clinical environments which allow for continuing 'meaningful' contact with patients and increasing opportunities to 'act up' to the role of junior doctor, even as students. Patient safety guidelines present a major challenge to achieving this, although with adequate supervision the two aims are not mutually exclusive. Further support and supervision should be made available to junior doctors in situations where they are dealing with the death of a patient and on surgical placements

The International Landscape of Medical Licensing Examinations: A Typology Derived From a Systematic Review

Background National licensing examinations (NLEs) are large-scale examinations usually taken by medical doctors close to the point of graduation from medical school. Where NLEs are used, success is usually required to obtain a license for full practice. Approaches to national licensing, and the evidence that supports their use, varies significantly across the globe. This paper aims to develop a typology of NLEs, based on candidacy, to explore the implications of different examination types for workforce planning. Methods A systematic review of the published literature and medical licensing body websites, an electronic survey of all medical licensing bodies in highly developed nations, and a survey of medical regulators. Results The evidence gleaned through this systematic review highlights four approaches to NLEs: where graduating medical students wishing to practice in their national jurisdiction must pass a national licensing exam before they are granted a license to practice; where all prospective doctors, whether from the national jurisdiction or international medical graduates, are required to pass a national licensing exam in order to practice within that jurisdiction; where international medical graduates are required to pass a licensing exam if their qualifications are not acknowledged to be comparable with those students from the national jurisdiction; and where there are no NLEs in operation. This typology facilitates comparison across systems and highlights the implications of different licensing systems for workforce planning. Conclusion The issue of national licensing cannot be viewed in isolation from workforce planning; future research on the efficacy of national licensing systems to drive up standards should be integrated with research on the implications of such systems for the mobility of doctors to cross borders

Ultraprosessert mat burde være et kostråd: JA

Nøkkelpunkter • Det er konsistente, sterke sammenhenger mellom høyt inntak av UPF og en rekke livsstilssykdommer. • Det er uhelse igjen i UPF etter at sukker, salt, fett, fiber og andre kostholdsmønstre er justert bort. • Det at enkelte «sunne» matvarer har fått preg av industriell ultraprosessering bør pirre nysgjerrigheten og sette oss i føre-var modus, heller enn å avfeie UPF-klassifiseringen. • UPF er tydelig definert innenfor NOVA-klassifiseringen – NNR bruker mer utydelige begrep som «prosessert» eller «plantebasert». • Vi mener NNR-rapporten viser et reduksjonistisk syn på mat og helse – ordet evolusjon nevnes ikke ett eneste sted.publishedVersionPaid open acces

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DENGAN PERSEPSI DAN RESPON PERILAKU MAHASISWA DALAM UPAYA MEMUTUSKAN MATA RANTAI PENULARAN COVID-19 DI PERBATASAN NKRI-RDTL

Latar belakang: Pandemi covid-19 menyebar sangat pesat dan belum ditemukan obat yang spesifik sehingga masyarakat lebih rentan tertular karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan persepsi serta praktik perilaku tidak memadai. Tujuan: mengidentifikasi hubungan pengetahuan dengan persepsi dan perilaku mahasiswa dalam memutuskan mata rantai penularan covid-19. Metodologi: Desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dilakukan pada Desember 2020. Instrumen pengetahuan, persepsi dan perilaku telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, nilai alfa chronbach 0,697-0,793. Karakteristik responden dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif, sedangkan hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji chi square  dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil: 502 responden menyelesaikan  survei, rata-rata berumur 21,14 tahun (2,56), terbanyak perempuan (69,7%). Terdapat 67,1% mendapatkan informasi covid-19 melalui media sosial. Mayoritas memiliki pengetahuan memadai, namun 47,4% memiliki pengetahuan kurang. Dilaporkan pula persepsi dan perilaku negatif terkait upaya memutuskan mata rantai penularan covid-19, masing-masing  44,6% dan 50,4%. Sekitar 73,11% menyatakan bahwa antibiotik dan vaksin tidak efektif menghambat penyebaran covid-19. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan persepsi (p=0,900) dan perilaku memutuskan mata rantai penularan covid-19 (p=0,781). Kesimpulan: Penting untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keyakinan masyarakat untuk memutuskan mata rantai penularan covid-19. Mahasiswa memiliki peran penting sebagai agen pengubah di masyarakat untuk memutuskan mata rantai penularan covid-19

Evaluation of the UP4FUN Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Trial to Reduce and Break Up Sitting Time in European 10-12-Year-Old Children

Background: The UP4FUN intervention is a family-involved school-based intervention aiming at reducing and breaking up sitting time at home (with special emphasis on screen time), and breaking up sitting time in school among 10--12 year olds in Europe. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate its short term effects. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of 3147 pupils from Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Norway participated in a school-randomized controlled trial. The intervention included 1–2 school lessons per week for a period of six weeks, along with assignments for the children and their parents. Screen time and breaking up sitting time were registered by self-report and total sedentary time and breaking up sitting time by accelerometry. The effect of the intervention on these behaviors was evaluated by multilevel regression analyses. All analyses were adjusted for baseline values and gender. Significance level was p≤0.01. No significant intervention effects were observed, neither for self-reported TV/DVD or computer/game console time, nor for accelerometer-assessed total sedentary time and number of breaks in sitting time. The intervention group, however, reported more positive attitudes towards (β = 0.25 (95% CI 0.11, 0.38)) and preferences/liking for (β = 0.20 (95% CI 0.08, 0.32)) breaking up sitting time than the control group. Conclusions/Significance: No significant intervention effect on self-reported screen time or accelerometer-assessed sedentary time or breaks in sitting time was observed, but positive effects on beliefs regarding breaking up sitting time were found in favor of the intervention group. Overall, these results do not warrant wider dissemination of the present UP4FUN intervention. Trial Registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry ISRCTN3456207