Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetra-Ruthenated Naphthylbiliverdin

A new naphtylbiliverdin compound has been synthesized which offers intense absorption with the photodynamic therapy window (600 nm – 850 nm). The compound has been characterized by proton NMR, high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and UV/vis spectroscopy. Coordination of four ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes was accomplished by standard procedures. The new tetra-ruthenated naphthylbiliverdin was characterized by elemental analysis. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal that all four ruthenium moieties are coordinated to the pyridyl groups of the biliverdin compound. The intense metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands of the peripheral ruthenium groups overshadow the absorption due to the biliverdin compound; therefore, spectroelectrochemical studies were conducted to show that the low energy absorption of the naphthylbiliverdin compound is unaffected by coordination to the ruthenium groups. DNA photocleavage studies were performed by irradiating samples containing plasmid DNA and the ruthenated compound, filtering out high energy light. Gel electrophoresis studies indicate that the compound is capable of photonicking the plasmid DNA when irradiated with light

Structural properties of bismuth-bearing semiconductor alloys

The structural properties of bismuth-bearing III-V semiconductor alloys are addressed. Because the Bi compounds are not known to form zincblende structures, only the anion-substituted alloys InPBi, InAsBi, and InSbBi are considered candidates as narrow-gap semiconductors. Miscibility calculations indicate that InSbBi will be the most miscible, and InPBi, with the large lattice mismatch of the constituents, will be the most difficult to mix. Calculations of the hardness of the Bi compounds indicate that, once formed, the InPBi alloy will be harder than the other Bi alloys, and substantially harder than the currently favored narrow-gap semiconductor HgCdTe. Thus, although InSbBi may be an easier material to prepare, InPBi promises to be a harder material. Growth of the Bi compounds will require high effective growth temperatures, probably attainable only through the use of nonequilibrium energy-assisted epitaxial growth techniques

Towards a Flexible Curriculum: John Dewey\u27s Theory of Experience and Learning

Positively stated, a reconceptualization of curriculum will most certainly have to take its cue from the American philosopher and pedagogue John Dewey (1859-1952). His work in philosophy and education is one great attempt to overcome dysfunctional dualisms like between the child and the curriculum, freedom and discipline, the individual and the society, body and mind. I will use my reconstruction of his theory of experience and learning to challenge the claim made by the Tanners (Tanner and Tanner, 1980, 1988; D. Tanner, 1982; L.N. Tanner, 1982) that Dewey must be regarded as the ancestor of \u27modern\u27 curriculum theory as formulated in the Tyler rationale. In the next part of my paper I will go into Dewey\u27s attempt to reconceptualize the concept of experience as a way out of the dilemma of technology against Bildung. After that I will talk about Dewey\u27s curriculum theory as a theory of \u27planned experience.\u2

Digitalisation in accounting: a systematic literature review of activities and implications for competences

The digitalisation of processes is a current topic in accounting. New technologies can change activities which in turn may require different skills from accounting graduates. This paper aims to shed light on the changes that digitalisation brings about in various areas of accounting by assessing the types of activities (non-routine and routine) and corresponding competences in the context of progressing stages of digitalisation. In addition, it is analysed how different technologies are used in these activities and where their execution is placed within the supply chain. The systematic literature review shows a lack of expertise in the field of digitalisation that enables graduates and employees to successfully manage respective processes in the workplace. While routine activities are continuously being automated or digitalised, non-routine activities and the corresponding skills have a similarly increasing importance for employees in accounting as the acquisition of general digital competences

Nickel N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in homogeneous catalysis

Described in this thesis are the investigations into the chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and transition-metal complexes thereof. Specifically, a variety of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of nickel were prepared, characterized and used as catalysts in three types of homogeneous catalytic processes. First, nickel(II) complexes of monodentate NHC ligands were successfully used as catalysts in the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes. Second, nickel(II) complexes bearing bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands or functionalized NHC ligands were shown to be highly effective in the Kumada coupling of aryl halides with aryl Grignard reagents. In addition, the nickel-catalyzed Kumada coupling was investigated using quantum-chemical calculations. Finally, all three types of nickel complex were tested for their catalytic activity in the vinyl polymerization of norbornene. Furthermore, a silv er(I) NHC complex was isolated, characterized and used in the preparation of a nickel(II) NHC complex.UBL - phd migration 201

EU cultural policy as a tool to combat crises - a discourse analysis on the use of cultural policy in deadlock

This Master’s thesis looks at the relationship between crises and European identity, an identity largely built by the EU’s cultural policy. I examine where this connection is made by analyzing communication from various EU institutions, as well as EU or national politicians, and newspapers. I hypothesize that the EU is referring to European identity and the common European cultural heritage in crisis situations. After conducting discourse analysis, a connection between crises and European identity or common culture is made at various places and by various people. This thesis contributes to the field of European Union Studies, by looking at how the concept of European identity through cultural policy is utilized. It also makes a contribution to the field of Cultural studies by indicating how culture can be instrumentalized and how culture can transform social relations

Evaluation of the effects of hypergravity exposure and caging restraint on bone mineralization in the Beagle by in vivo photon absorptiometry

Photon absorptiometry was used to evaluate bone mineral kinetics associated with normal development and the possible perturbations to bone development resulting from hypergravity exposure over a period of six months in developing Beagles. A series of seven measurements were performed at specific times with the first measurement prior to treatment and subsequent measurements at 2, 5, 9, 14, 20 and 26 weeks from the onset of the experiment. Four groups of six male Beagle pups, ranging in age from 85 to 92 days were studied. Two groups were chronically exposed to hypergravity treatments by centrifugation of 2.0 G (18.0 RPM, 11.7 ft radius) and 2.6 G (18.0 RPM, 19.8 ft radius) for the 26 week period. A third group of six dogs served as a caged control to evaluate possible changes due to confinement in small plexiglass cages similar to those of the centrifuge. Thus this control group was subjected to limited exercise due to caging restraint. The fourth group of animals was housed in open runs to allow exercise without the spatial confinement of the smaller plexiglass cages. Results show highly significant differences in body weight, bone length, increase in bone density of control group relative to other groups, and a decrease in bone mineral content in the two gravity treated groups