Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures

Produkce sekundárních metabolitů v rostlinných explantátových kulturách Byl zkoumán vliv dusičnanu ceričito-amonného (0,055; 0,55; 5,5; 55; 275 mg/l média) jako potenciálního elicitoru na produkci skopoletinu suspenzní kulturou Angelica archangelica L. Kultura byla kultivována v tekutém živném médiu podle Murashigeho a Skooga s přídavkem 2 mg/l kyseliny 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctové a 0,4 mg/l benzylaminopurinu ve tmě a na světle. Stanovení skopoletinu bylo prováděno vysokoúčinnou kapalinovou chromatografií s fluorimetrickou detekcí. Produkce skopoletinu v kultuře se působením elicitoru zvýšila. Nejvyššího obsahu skopoletinu v kultivačním médiu i v buňkách bylo dosaženo ve srovnání s neelicitovanou kulturou za tmy při koncentraci 0,55 mg/l. Obsah skopoletinu byl v kultuře kultivované za světla působením elicitoru zvýšen pouze v médiu při koncentraci 0,055 mg/l.Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures The influence of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (0.055, 0.55, 5.5, 55 and 275 mg/l of medium) as a potential elicitor of scopoletin production in cell suspension cultures of Angelica archangelica L. was investigated. The cultures were cultivated in a liquid Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.4 mg/l benzylaminopurine in the light or dark. The content of scopoletin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The elicitor treatment improved production of scopoletin. In the dark-grown cultures, the highest amounts of scopoletin in the medium as well as in cells were reached with a concentration of 0.55 mg/l, in comparison with non-elicited culture. In the light-grown cultures, the content of scopoletin was increased only in the medium with an elicitor concentration of 0.055 mg/l.Department of PharmacognosyKatedra farmakognozieFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

The use of vegetation indices to study temporal variation in vegetation phenology

Práce se zabývá problematikou využití vegetačních indexů ke studiu časových změn vegetační fenologie. První část byla věnována detailnímu rozboru domácí i zahraniční literatury, která se zabývá pracemi zpracovanými v tomto oboru. Hlavními výzkumnými otázkami byly, jestli se změnil začátek, konec, délka a vrchol vegetačního období v průběhu zkoumaného období. Další výzkumnou oblastí bylo srovnání s pozemními fenologickými daty. Dalším cílem práce bylo tedy hledání závislostí vypočtených údajů fenologických proměnných z vegetačních indexů s fenologickými pozemními daty. Jako základní datová sada byla využita sada GIMMS, která distribuuje vegetační index NDVI. Další datové sady byly MERIS MTCI, data MODIS s vegetačními indexy NDVI, EVI a LAI. Výsledky analýzy vývoje vegetační fenologie vykazují trendy v posunech, nejvýrazněji u začátku vegetačního období, kde došlo k posunu do dřívější doby. Výsledky analýzy vegetačních dat DPZ s pozemními fenologickými daty ČHMÚ se odvíjely vždy podle konkrétní lesní fenologické stanice. Zajímavé byly výsledky u fenologické stanice Svobody nad Úpou, kde se shodovaly výsledky trendů směrnic u téměř všech datových sad. Srovnání křivek průběhu vegetačních indexů s pozemními daty odpovídalo nejvíce u vybraných stanic křivkám datových sad MCD LAI a MTCI MERIS. Nejlepší...1 ABSTRACT The work deals with the use of vegetation indices to study temporal variation in vegetation phenology. The first part was devoted to detailed analysis of domestic and foreign literature, which deals with the work processed in this field. The main research questions were if changed start, end and length of growing period during the analysis period. Other research theme was comparision with ground phenological data. Another objective of this work was search dependencies computed data phenological variables from vegetation indicies with phenological ground data. As a basic data set was used GIMMS set, which distributes the vegetation index NDVI. Other data sets were MERIS MTCI, data MODIS with vegetation indices NDVI, EVI a LAI. The results of analyzes of vegetation phenology show trends in most shifts at the beginning of growing season, where was a shift to an earlier time. Results of the analysis of vegetation remote sensing data with ground-based phenological data ČHMÚ were unfolding always according to the specific forest phenological stations. Interesting results were at the phenological station Svoboda nad Úpou, where the results of trends directives were consistent in almost all data sets. Comparison of process curves vegetation indicies with ground data corresponded most curves at selected...Department of Applied Geoinformatics and CartographyKatedra aplikované geoinformatiky a kartografieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Mocenské hry mezi výzkumníkem a informantem: Konceptualizace moci v analýze výzkumného rozhovoru

Power shifts between interviewer and interviewee: Conceptualizing power strategiesThe article introduces a conceptualization of power relationship between interviewer and interviewee in a qualitative research interview. The presented conceptualization is based on the semiotic triad (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics). For the purpose of analysing interviews, power is defined as an ability to influence and control one of these three dimensions of an interview. However, power relationships are not static; rather, they are dynamically negotiated within an interaction. Within this context, different types of power can be distinguished: (a) power over the rules of interaction (metapower); (b) agendasetting power; and (c) positioning and othering of participants (i.e. dominance). The classification of different types of power can be used for further systematic investigation into possible power strategies. Showing samples of interviews with politicians, the authoress identifies several examples of power strategies (for instance, a change of rules, an opening of new topics, and “a wise advice”). She points out that these strategies themselves can produce meanings. The authoress also argues that reflecting power relationships within interviews can enhance the validity of research. It can also be helpful for better constituting a scenario and a framework of interviews, or for developing a researcher’s own performative strategy. This kind of reflexivity is also beneficial for thinking through ethical questions coupled with qualitative research.

POLITICKÁ KULTURA V NARATIVECH KULTURNÍ REPERTOÁRY VZTAHOVÁNÍ SE K SOUČASNÉ POLITICE

Political culture as a concept is an interdisciplinaryissue balancing between culturalanthropology, political science and sociology.This article presents conclusions of qualitativeresearch of contemporary czech political culture.Our research is based on 35 narrative interviewsconducted by students with their parents. We caninfer from quantitative studies that the level oftrust in the political system, institutions and actorshas hit the bottom. These studies are not ableto describe all aspects of political culture. Fromour position of interpretative paradigm we aimto analyse cultural repertoires through which isthe political situation narratively reconstructed.We perceive narrative as a performative genre ofrefering to social reality. We have identified thefollowing repertoires: 1. interested, 2. objective,3. evasive and 4. alienated. We have found fourtypes of layman’s theories, which were used bynarrators to explain the drop of trust in politics: 1.communist past 2. the nature of the Czech nation3. fatalistic theories of power 4. theories of “thesedays”

How many species of whipworms do we share? Whipworms from man and other primates form two phylogenetic lineages

The whipworms, i.e. parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichuris Roederer, 1761, infect a variety of mammals. Apparently low diversity of primate-infecting species of Trichuris strongly contrasts with the high number of species described in other mammalian hosts. The present study addresses the diversity of whipworms in captive and free-ranging primates and humans by analysing nuclear (18S rRNA, ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1) DNA. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that primate whipworms form two independent lineages: (i) the Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1771) clade comprised of genetically almost identical whipworms from human and other primates, which suggests the ability of T. trichiura to infect a broader range of primates; (ii) a clade containing primarily Trichuris suis Schrank, 1788, where isolates from human and various primates formed a sister group to isolates from pigs; the former isolates thus may represent of more species of Trichuris in primates including humans. The analysis of cox1 has shown the polyphyly of the genera Trichuris and Capillaria, Zeder, 1800. High sequence similarity of the T. trichiura isolates from humans and other primates suggests their zoonotic potential, although the extent of transmission between human and other non‐human primates remains questionable and requires further stud

Business plan Karned Tools s.r.o.

The aim of this thesis is draw a business plan of concrete company. In theoretical part is adumbration of problems small and medium enterprises. Next chapter describes importance and individual parts of business plan. In practical part is applied the creation of business plan to existing medium enterprise named Karned Tools s.r.o. This plan may be used for internal purposes or for various forms of grant in case of request

Volatile metabolites of food additives and food supplements - review

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Petra Beránková Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský Ph.D. Supervisor - consultant: Mgr. Kseniya Dryahina Ph.D. Title of bachelor thesis: The Volatile Metabolites of Food Additives and Supplements Most of the food available in supermarkets contains food additives that are used to improve the appearance, smell and taste. Additives undergo metabolism in the human body undergo metabolism and can influence the health of the individual. The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of establishing volatile metabolites present in human breath that arise as result of metabolism of food additives and supplements. Experiments focus on quantitative pharmacokinetics of volatile metabolites after ingestion of a substance selected from the group of artificial sweeteners and supplement. Food sweetener aspartame (E 951) used to achieve a sweet taste in foods and beverages was chosen as a model example. Aspartame is converted in the body to methyl alcohol, formic acid and phenylalanine. Therefore, we followed the methyl alcohol content in the breath of healthy volunteers. Breath analysis was performed using SIFT-MS (selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry) with the Profile 3 instrument. The..

Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures

Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures The influence of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (0.055, 0.55, 5.5, 55 and 275 mg/l of medium) as a potential elicitor of scopoletin production in cell suspension cultures of Angelica archangelica L. was investigated. The cultures were cultivated in a liquid Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.4 mg/l benzylaminopurine in the light or dark. The content of scopoletin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The elicitor treatment improved production of scopoletin. In the dark-grown cultures, the highest amounts of scopoletin in the medium as well as in cells were reached with a concentration of 0.55 mg/l, in comparison with non-elicited culture. In the light-grown cultures, the content of scopoletin was increased only in the medium with an elicitor concentration of 0.055 mg/l