4 research outputs found

    Le rÎle de l'oncoprotéine INT6 dans la maintenance des télomÚres

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    The INT6/EIF3E protein encoded by the mammalian integration site 6 (int-6) gene, has been implicated in mouse and human breast carcinogenesis. Although, INT6 is a subunit of the eIF3 translation initiation factor, it is not essential for bulk translation but for specific mRNAs expression as histone mRNA translation. It has also been implicated in DNA replication by stabilizing the DNA replication licensing factor MCM7, in DNA Damage Response (DDR) and in the Nonsense mRNA Decay (NMD) pathway. Relative to the latter activity, I investigated whether INT6 can specifically meddle in telomere homeostasis by acting on TERRA transcripts. Deletion of INT6 by RNA interference approach revealed an increase in the telomeric RNA TERRA levels which is depending on the chromosome and cellular type. Although INT6 is a NMD factor, it doesn’t change TERRA steady-state. DNA-FISH experiments showed an increase in Telomere Induced Foci (TIFs) in INT6 depleted cells. These aberrations correspond to Telomere Free Ends (TFE) and Multi-Telomeric signals (MTS) which implicate INT6 in DDR. By means of Microccocal Nuclease (MNase) mapping assay, we found a rapid accumulation of telomeric mono-nucleosomes in INT6-depleted cells, suggesting a role in telomeric chromatin structure. These findings evidenced that INT6 is a novel key player in telomere stability.La protĂ©ine INT6/EIF3E codĂ©e par le gĂšne mammalien correspondant au site d’intĂ©gration du rĂ©trovirus Mouse Mammary tumor virus (MMTV) n°6 (int-6), a Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©e dans le cancer du sein chez la souris et l’homme. MalgrĂ© qu’INT6 soit une sous-unitĂ© du facteur d’initiation de la traduction eIF3, elle n’est pas essentielle pour la traduction gĂ©nĂ©rale mais pour l’expression d’ARNm spĂ©cifiques tel qu’il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© pour la traduction d’ARNm histones. Elle a aussi Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©e dans la rĂ©plication d’ADN en stabilisant le facteur de licence de la rĂ©plication MCM7, dans la rĂ©ponse aux dommages Ă  l’ADN (DDR) et dans la voie du “nonsense-mediated mRNA decay“ (NMD). Par rapport Ă  cette derniĂšre activitĂ© j’ai Ă©tudiĂ© si INT6 pouvait spĂ©cifiquement intervenir au niveau de l’homĂ©ostasie des tĂ©lomĂšres en agissant sur les transcrits TERRA. La dĂ©lĂ©tion d’INT6 par une approche d’ARN interfĂ©rence rĂ©vĂšle une augmentation des niveaux des ARN tĂ©lomĂ©riques TERRA qui est dĂ©pendante du chromosome et du type cellulaire. MalgrĂ© qu’INT6 soit un facteur du NMD, elle n’agit pas sur la demi-vie des TERRA. Les expĂ©riences de DNA-FISH ont montrĂ© une augmentation des dommages aux tĂ©lomĂšres (TIF) dans les cellules en absence d’INT6. Les aberrations observĂ©es correspondent Ă  des pertes de tĂ©lomĂšres (TFE) et des signaux multi-tĂ©lomĂ©riques (MTS). Par la technique de digestion de la chromatine Ă  la nuclĂ©ase micrococcale, nous avons retrouvĂ© une plus rapide accumulation des mono-nuclĂ©osomes aux tĂ©lomĂšres en absence d’INT6, suggĂ©rant un rĂŽle dans la conformation de la chromatine tĂ©lomĂ©rique. Ces rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence INT6 comme un nouveau facteur rĂ©gulateur de la stabilitĂ© des tĂ©lomĂšres

    The function of the oncoprotein INT6/EIF3E in telomere maintenance

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    La protĂ©ine INT6/EIF3E codĂ©e par le gĂšne mammalien correspondant au site d’intĂ©gration du rĂ©trovirus Mouse Mammary tumor virus (MMTV) n°6 (int-6), a Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©e dans le cancer du sein chez la souris et l’homme. MalgrĂ© qu’INT6 soit une sous-unitĂ© du facteur d’initiation de la traduction eIF3, elle n’est pas essentielle pour la traduction gĂ©nĂ©rale mais pour l’expression d’ARNm spĂ©cifiques tel qu’il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© pour la traduction d’ARNm histones. Elle a aussi Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©e dans la rĂ©plication d’ADN en stabilisant le facteur de licence de la rĂ©plication MCM7, dans la rĂ©ponse aux dommages Ă  l’ADN (DDR) et dans la voie du “nonsense-mediated mRNA decay“ (NMD). Par rapport Ă  cette derniĂšre activitĂ© j’ai Ă©tudiĂ© si INT6 pouvait spĂ©cifiquement intervenir au niveau de l’homĂ©ostasie des tĂ©lomĂšres en agissant sur les transcrits TERRA. La dĂ©lĂ©tion d’INT6 par une approche d’ARN interfĂ©rence rĂ©vĂšle une augmentation des niveaux des ARN tĂ©lomĂ©riques TERRA qui est dĂ©pendante du chromosome et du type cellulaire. MalgrĂ© qu’INT6 soit un facteur du NMD, elle n’agit pas sur la demi-vie des TERRA. Les expĂ©riences de DNA-FISH ont montrĂ© une augmentation des dommages aux tĂ©lomĂšres (TIF) dans les cellules en absence d’INT6. Les aberrations observĂ©es correspondent Ă  des pertes de tĂ©lomĂšres (TFE) et des signaux multi-tĂ©lomĂ©riques (MTS). Par la technique de digestion de la chromatine Ă  la nuclĂ©ase micrococcale, nous avons retrouvĂ© une plus rapide accumulation des mono-nuclĂ©osomes aux tĂ©lomĂšres en absence d’INT6, suggĂ©rant un rĂŽle dans la conformation de la chromatine tĂ©lomĂ©rique. Ces rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence INT6 comme un nouveau facteur rĂ©gulateur de la stabilitĂ© des tĂ©lomĂšres.The INT6/EIF3E protein encoded by the mammalian integration site 6 (int-6) gene, has been implicated in mouse and human breast carcinogenesis. Although, INT6 is a subunit of the eIF3 translation initiation factor, it is not essential for bulk translation but for specific mRNAs expression as histone mRNA translation. It has also been implicated in DNA replication by stabilizing the DNA replication licensing factor MCM7, in DNA Damage Response (DDR) and in the Nonsense mRNA Decay (NMD) pathway. Relative to the latter activity, I investigated whether INT6 can specifically meddle in telomere homeostasis by acting on TERRA transcripts. Deletion of INT6 by RNA interference approach revealed an increase in the telomeric RNA TERRA levels which is depending on the chromosome and cellular type. Although INT6 is a NMD factor, it doesn’t change TERRA steady-state. DNA-FISH experiments showed an increase in Telomere Induced Foci (TIFs) in INT6 depleted cells. These aberrations correspond to Telomere Free Ends (TFE) and Multi-Telomeric signals (MTS) which implicate INT6 in DDR. By means of Microccocal Nuclease (MNase) mapping assay, we found a rapid accumulation of telomeric mono-nucleosomes in INT6-depleted cells, suggesting a role in telomeric chromatin structure. These findings evidenced that INT6 is a novel key player in telomere stability

    Impaired telomere integrity and rRNA biogenesis in PARN-deficient patients and knock-out models

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    PARN, poly(A)-specific ribonuclease, regulates the turnover of mRNAs and the maturation and stabilization of the hTR RNA component of telomerase. Biallelic PARN mutations were associated with Hþyeraal–Hreidarsson (HH) syndrome, a rare telomere biology disorder that, because of its severity, is likely not exclusively due to hTR down-regulation. Whether PARN deficiency was affecting the expression of telomere-related genes was still unclear. Using cells from two unrelated HH individuals carrying novel PARN mutations and a human PARN knock-out (KO) cell line with inducible PARN complementation, we found that PARN deficiency affects both telomere length and stability and down-regulates the expression of TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, RAP1, and POT1 shelterin transcripts. Down-regulation of dyskerin-encoding DKC1 mRNA was also observed and found to result from p53 activation in PARN-deficient cells. We further showed that PARN deficiency compromises ribosomal RNA biogenesis in patients’ fibroblasts and cells from heterozygous Parn KO mice. Homozygous Parn KO however resulted in early embryonic lethality that was not overcome by p53 KO. Our results refine our knowledge on the pleiotropic cellular consequences of PARN deficienc

    NHP2 deficiency impairs rRNA biogenesis and causes pulmonary fibrosis and HĂžyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome

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    International audienceTelomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes. The telomerase complex, constituted of the catalytic subunit TERT, the RNA matrix hTR, and several cofactors including the H/ACA box ribonucleoproteins (RNP) Dyskerin, NOP10, GAR1, NAF1, and NHP2, regulates telomere length. In humans, inherited defects in telomere length maintenance are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical premature aging manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), bone marrow failure (BMF), and predisposition to cancer. NHP2 mutations have been so far reported only in two patients with DC. Here, we report the first case of HĂžyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HH), the severe form of DC, caused by biallelic missense mutations in NHP2. Additionally, we identified three unrelated patients with PF carrying NHP2 heterozygous mutations. Strikingly, one of these patients acquired a somatic mutation in the promoter of TERT that likely conferred a selective advantage in a subset of blood cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that a functional deficit of human NHP2 affects ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Together, our results broaden the functional consequences and clinical spectrum of NHP2 deficiency
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