13 research outputs found

    The Government Deference Dimension of Judicial Decision Making: Evidence from the Supreme Court of Norway

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    Past research has revealed conflicting findings regarding the degree to which judges on European apex courts enact their policy preferences or instead disagree on the basis of divergent legal views. We investigate disagreement between judges on the Norwegian Supreme Court between 1996 and 2016. During this period, the court dealt with a greater volume of policy-relevant cases than previously. The method of appointment to the court was also changed to a judicial appointments commission. We analyse non-unanimous cases using item response theory models. We find that judges are not divided along left–right lines but instead disagree about the appropriate degree of deference to give to public authorities. There is no significant association between the appointing government and judges' ideal points either before or after the reform to appointments. Judges who were formerly academics are however much less deferential than career judges or judges who were previously lawyers in private practice.publishedVersio

    In the green? Perceptions of hydrogen production methods among the Norwegian public

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    This article presents findings from a representative survey, fielded through the Norwegian Citizen Panel, examining public perceptions of hydrogen fuel and its different production methods. Although several countries, including Norway, have strategies to increase the production of hydrogen fuel, our results indicate that hydrogen as an energy carrier, and its different production methods, are still unknown to a large part of the public. A common misunderstanding seems to be confusing ‘hydrogen fuel’ in general with environmentally friendly ‘green hydrogen’. Results from a survey experiment (N = 1906) show that production method is important for public acceptance. On a five-point acceptance scale, respondents score on average 3.9 for ‘green’ hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources. The level of acceptance is significantly lower for ‘blue’ (3.2) and ‘grey’ (2.3) hydrogen when respondents are informed that these are produced from coal, oil, or natural gas. Public support for hydrogen fuel in general, as well as the different production methods, is also related to their level of worry about climate change, gender, and political affiliation. Widespread misunderstandings regarding ‘green’ hydrogen production could potentially fuel public resistance as new ‘blue’ or ‘grey’ projects develop. Our results indicate a need for clearer communication from the government and developers regarding production methods to avoid distrust and potential public backfire.publishedVersio

    Hvordan gjennomfĂžre borgerpanel

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    Med denne hÄndboken Þnsker vi Ä Þke oppmerksomheten om borgerpaneler og vÊre til inspirasjon for lesere som vurderer Ä gjennomfÞre et borgerpanel selv. Den er ogsÄ sluttproduktet til forskningsprosjektet «Demokratisk innovasjon i praksis: Forskning pÄ medvirkning og legitimitet i kommunale beslutningsprosesser (DEMOVATE)». Prosjektet har blitt ledet av Bergen kommune, mens forskningsinstituttet NORCE har hatt den faglige ledelsen. HÄndboken baserer seg pÄ erfaringer gjort i DEMOVATE og i forskningsaktiviteter knyttet til demokratisk innovasjon ved Universitetet i Bergen, Stanford University og NORCE. HÄndbokens mÄlgruppe er alle som er interessert i det norske demokratiet. Vi hÄper den kan komme til nytte for politikere, byrÄkrater, personer som engasjerer seg i sivilsamfunnet, og alle andre som er nysgjerrige pÄ borgerpaneler, og som kanskje gÄr med tanker om Ä sette i stand et selv. Boken er strukturert i tre deler. Den fÞrste delen tar et overordnet blikk pÄ borgerpaneler, hva som definerer dem, og hvordan de blir brukt inn i den demokratiske beslutningsprosessen. Den andre delen lÞfter frem praktiske problemstillinger man mÄ ta hensyn til under planlegging av borgerpaneler. RÄdene baserer seg pÄ tre borgerpaneler som artikkelforfatterne selv har gjennomfÞrt. Den tredje og siste delen bringer inn flere erfaringer fra andre kommuner. Vi fÄr ogsÄ innblikk i hvordan borgerpaneler og medvirkning generelt oppfattes av en ansatt i kommuneadministrasjonen

    Dissent, Legitimacy, and Public Support for Court Decisions: Evidence from a Survey‐Based Experiment

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    Scholars often argue that whereas unanimous rulings should boost public support for court decisions, dissents should fuel public opposition. Previous studies on public responses to U.S. Supreme Court decisions suggest that unanimity does in fact bolster support. However, a recent study has also found that dissents may increase support among opponents of a court decision by suggesting evidence of procedural justice. By examining how individuals react to dissents from the Supreme Court of Norway, this article is the first study outside the U.S. context of the public's reaction to unanimity and dissent. Breaking with the common notion of the negative effects of dissent on public support, the article shows that when the Supreme Court handles cases of higher political salience, the formulation of dissenting opinions can be a meaningful way of securing greater support for its policy outputs by suggesting evidence of procedural justice. Contrary to recent studies, however, this positive influence of dissent is irrespective of individuals' ex ante policy views

    Sivilsamfunnsdeltaking blant innvandrarar i Noreg

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    I denne rapporten fĂžlgjer vi opp rapporten Organisasjonsengasjement blant innvandrarar (Eimhjellen og Arnesen, 2018) gjennom Ă„ analysere det same datagrunnlaget frĂ„ SSB vidare. Vi undersĂžker her samanhengar mellom frivillig arbeid og tillit, mellom frivillig arbeid og politisk deltaking og mellom frivillig arbeid og uformelt omsorgsarbeid blant innvandrarar i Noreg. For Ă„ fĂžlgje opp funn frĂ„ 2018-rapporten om eit sĂŠrdeles lĂ„gt engasjementsnivĂ„ blant polakkar diskuterer vi ĂČg Ă„rsakene til og bakgrunnen for dette basert pĂ„ eksisterande litteratur og intervju med representantar for polske frivillige organisasjonar i Noreg. Analysane av SSB-data viser at det er ein samanheng mellom frivillig arbeid og tillit blant innvandrarar, og at sĂŠrleg deltaking i sĂ„kalla overskridande organisasjonar, det vil seie organisasjonar som samlar personar pĂ„ tvers av ulike kjenneteikn, har ein positiv samanheng med tillit. Frivillig arbeid er likevel ikkje den viktigaste eller einaste faktoren som verkar inn pĂ„ tillitsnivĂ„et. Her er landbakgrunn, sprĂ„kkunnskap, Ă„rsak til innvandring, opplevd diskriminering, alder og status viktigare som forklaringar pĂ„ tillitsnivĂ„.publishedVersio

    Sivilsamfunnsdeltaking blant innvandrarar i Noreg

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    I denne rapporten fĂžlgjer vi opp rapporten Organisasjonsengasjement blant innvandrarar (Eimhjellen og Arnesen, 2018) gjennom Ă„ analysere det same datagrunnlaget frĂ„ SSB vidare. Vi undersĂžker her samanhengar mellom frivillig arbeid og tillit, mellom frivillig arbeid og politisk deltaking og mellom frivillig arbeid og uformelt omsorgsarbeid blant innvandrarar i Noreg. For Ă„ fĂžlgje opp funn frĂ„ 2018-rapporten om eit sĂŠrdeles lĂ„gt engasjementsnivĂ„ blant polakkar diskuterer vi ĂČg Ă„rsakene til og bakgrunnen for dette basert pĂ„ eksisterande litteratur og intervju med representantar for polske frivillige organisasjonar i Noreg. Analysane av SSB-data viser at det er ein samanheng mellom frivillig arbeid og tillit blant innvandrarar, og at sĂŠrleg deltaking i sĂ„kalla overskridande organisasjonar, det vil seie organisasjonar som samlar personar pĂ„ tvers av ulike kjenneteikn, har ein positiv samanheng med tillit. Frivillig arbeid er likevel ikkje den viktigaste eller einaste faktoren som verkar inn pĂ„ tillitsnivĂ„et. Her er landbakgrunn, sprĂ„kkunnskap, Ă„rsak til innvandring, opplevd diskriminering, alder og status viktigare som forklaringar pĂ„ tillitsnivĂ„.publishedVersio

    Sivilsamfunnsdeltaking blant innvandrarar i Noreg

    Get PDF
    I denne rapporten fĂžlgjer vi opp rapporten Organisasjonsengasjement blant innvandrarar (Eimhjellen og Arnesen, 2018) gjennom Ă„ analysere det same datagrunnlaget frĂ„ SSB vidare. Vi undersĂžker her samanhengar mellom frivillig arbeid og tillit, mellom frivillig arbeid og politisk deltaking og mellom frivillig arbeid og uformelt omsorgsarbeid blant innvandrarar i Noreg. For Ă„ fĂžlgje opp funn frĂ„ 2018-rapporten om eit sĂŠrdeles lĂ„gt engasjementsnivĂ„ blant polakkar diskuterer vi ĂČg Ă„rsakene til og bakgrunnen for dette basert pĂ„ eksisterande litteratur og intervju med representantar for polske frivillige organisasjonar i Noreg. Analysane av SSB-data viser at det er ein samanheng mellom frivillig arbeid og tillit blant innvandrarar, og at sĂŠrleg deltaking i sĂ„kalla overskridande organisasjonar, det vil seie organisasjonar som samlar personar pĂ„ tvers av ulike kjenneteikn, har ein positiv samanheng med tillit. Frivillig arbeid er likevel ikkje den viktigaste eller einaste faktoren som verkar inn pĂ„ tillitsnivĂ„et. Her er landbakgrunn, sprĂ„kkunnskap, Ă„rsak til innvandring, opplevd diskriminering, alder og status viktigare som forklaringar pĂ„ tillitsnivĂ„.publishedVersio

    The Government Deference Dimension of Judicial Decision Making: Evidence from the Supreme Court of Norway

    No full text
    Past research has revealed conflicting findings regarding the degree to which judges on European apex courts enact their policy preferences or instead disagree on the basis of divergent legal views. We investigate disagreement between judges on the Norwegian Supreme Court between 1996 and 2016. During this period, the court dealt with a greater volume of policy-relevant cases than previously. The method of appointment to the court was also changed to a judicial appointments commission. We analyse non-unanimous cases using item response theory models. We find that judges are not divided along left–right lines but instead disagree about the appropriate degree of deference to give to public authorities. There is no significant association between the appointing government and judges' ideal points either before or after the reform to appointments. Judges who were formerly academics are however much less deferential than career judges or judges who were previously lawyers in private practice

    A High Court Plays the Accordion: Validating Ex Ante Case Complexity on Oral Arguments

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    While high courts with fixed time for oral arguments deprive researchers of the opportunity to extract temporal variance, courts that apply the “accordion model” institutional design and adjust the time for oral arguments according to the perceived complexity of a case are a boon for research that seeks to validate case complexity well ahead of the courts’ opinion writing. We analyze an original data set of all 1,402 merits decisions of the Norwegian Supreme Court from 2008 to 2018 where the justices set time for oral arguments to accommodate the anticipated difficulty of the case. Our validation model empirically tests whether and how attributes of a case associated with ex ante complexity are linked with time allocated for oral arguments. Cases that deal with international law and civil law, have several legal players, are cross-appeals from lower courts are indicative of greater case complexity. We argue that these results speak powerfully to the use of case attributes and/or the time reserved for oral arguments as ex ante measures of case complexity. To enhance the external validity of our findings, future studies should examine whether these results are confirmed in high courts with similar institutional design for oral arguments. Subsequent analyses should also test the degree to which complex cases and/or time for oral arguments have predictive validity on more divergent opinions among the justices and on the time courts and justices need to render a final opinion

    Beyond the Myth of Legality? Framing Effects and Public Reactions to High Court Decisions in Europe

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    How do people respond to different decision-making processes in high courts? One long-standing view suggests that citizens expect courts to be neutral arbiters of legal controversies. Although the relevance of such “myth of legality” has been challenged, we know very little about the relationship between the portrayals of the motives of courts and justices and public attitudes in civil law countries. We explore this question in a pair of experiments in Norway and Portugal where we isolate the effects of different institutional frames from outcome favorability. We find that while partisan frames are detrimental to fairness perceptions and acceptance of decisions, depictions of judicial decision-making that emphasize policy goals do not adversely affect citizens’ responses in comparison with legalistic frames. The results suggest that, even in civil law systems, preserving the myth of legality may not be a necessary condition to elicit public support for judicial decisions.publishedVersio
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