Special session: utopia university - building a roadmap for educating the next millennium's engineers

Ailing multibillionaire P. Oscar Utopia wishes to endow a university in honor of Rose B. Utopia, his beloved wife and long-practicing engineer. He will be at FIE to draw upon the expertise of our community to design the master plan for a university of the next millennium, unburdened by the assumptions of the present and the past. Conference attendees who subscribe to Utopia's vision are encouraged to participate in this workshop, challenge the assumptions inherent to the current practice, and brainstorm a plan for educating the engineer of 3030. During this session, we will identify and challenge assumptions that are inherent to the current practice of how we educate engineers. Participants will engage in a series of rapid planning sessions based on the “what if” scenario of being able to establish a new engineering schoolunfettered by standard constraints of money, facilities,or current educational practice

An Approach for Performance Based Glove Mobility Requirements

The Space Suit Assembly (SSA) Development Team at NASA Johnson Space Center has invested heavily in the advancement of rearentry planetary exploration suit design but largely deferred development of extravehicular activity (EVA) glove designs, and accepted the risk of using the current flight gloves, Phase VI, for exploration missions. However, as design reference missions mature, the risks of using heritage hardware have highlighted the need for developing robust new glove technologies. To address the technology gap, the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate's GameChanging Development Program provided startup funding for the High Performance EVA Glove (HPEG) Element as part of the Next Generation Life Support (NGLS) Project in the fall of 2013. The overarching goal of the HPEG Element is to develop a robust glove design that increases human performance during EVA and creates pathway for implementation of emergent technologies, with specific aims of increasing pressurized mobility to 60% of barehanded capability, increasing the durability in onpristine environments, and decreasing the potential of gloves to cause injury during use. The HPEG Element focused initial efforts on developing quantifiable and repeatable methodologies for assessing glove performance with respect to mobility, injury potential, thermal conductivity, and abrasion resistance. The team used these methodologies to establish requirements against which emerging technologies and glove designs can be assessed at both the component and assembly levels. The mobility performance testing methodology was an early focus for the HPEG team as it stems from collaborations between the SSA Development team and the JSC Anthropometry and Biomechanics Facility (ABF) that began investigating new methods for suited mobility and fit early in the Constellation Program. The combined HPEG and ABF team used lessons learned from the previous efforts as well as additional reviews of methodologies in physical and occupational therapy arenas to develop a protocol that assesses gloved range of motion, strength, dexterity, tactility, and fit in comparative quantitative terms and also provides qualitative insight to direct hardware design iterations. The protocol was evaluated using five experienced test subjects wearing the EMU pressurized to 4.3psid with three different glove configurations. The results of the testing are presented to illustrate where the protocol is and is not valid for benchmark comparisons. The process for requirements development based upon the results is also presented along with suggested performance values for the High Performance EVA Gloves to be procured in fiscal year 2015

Immigration and Nationality Law: Problems and Strategies (2018)

Table of Contents only Immigration and Nationality Law: Problems and Strategies introduces the reader to the legal concepts and experience of practicing immigration law. This book is designed for both law students and attorneys as it covers not only statutory provisions and key immigration law cases, it also provides an understanding to the many government agencies involved in the immigration process and how to navigate the wide variety of adjudications that are central to the U.S. immigration system. The book includes problems that ask the reader, from a variety of legal roles, to learn how to solve common immigration problems. By working through these problems the user will observe the immigration process from initial sponsorship to the United States, to seeking admission at the border, to finding and maintaining status and securing permanent resident status within the United States. Immigration and Nationality Law: Problems and Strategies moves through the complex issues of determining whether a person is inadmissible or barred from securing status or entering the United States. It explores the removal process and which categories of people and what type of behavior can subject a noncitizen to expulsion. It then continues with an examination of the forms of relief from removal and asylum and other humanitarian protections. The text closes with the ultimate goal of many immigrants—naturalization, while other ways to acquire or derive U.S. citizenship are also explored.https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_books/1098/thumbnail.jp

Application of circadian biology to behavioural and physiological assessments in mice

Circadian rhythms are present in all living organisms; daily oscillations of biological process from the expression of a gene to the number of times that an animal displays a given behaviour. The light/dark cycle is the primary cue that entrains these rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nuclei, within the hypothalamus are the central pacemaker which synchronises peripheral body clocks. Mice are useful circadian biology models and two peripheral circadian outputs were studied, locomotor activity and the rhythm of body temperature in a common inbred strain, the C57BL/6 mouse. The use of individually ventilated cages to house mice increases biocontainment, enabling the maintenance of high health status colonies and reducing the risk of allergies for laboratory personnel. The effect of these sealed units on ambient light levels was examined, using locomotor activity as a marker of entrainment to the light/dark cycle. Mice housed closer to the overhead light source experienced greater levels of illumination than those at the lower levels, yet all entrained to the light/dark cycle. Mice housed lower on the rack showed more activity during light hours when they normally rest and the onset of activity was advanced in relation to the time the lights turned off. Individually ventilated cages do not therefore compromise circadian entrainment but cage position may alter the distribution of rest and activity in relation to the light cycle. Measuring the rhythm of body temperature of animals is often confounded by the stress associated with immobilisation and restraint. A novel non-invasive method, a thermal imaging camera was trialled against an indwelling intraperitoneal implant, to compare the relationship between peripheral and core body temperature under different light cycles. A stable relationship was found between the two methods (average R² value = 0.92) and this persisted in conditions of constant darkness, where lack of light cues resulted in free-running of the rhythm, assuming a shorter period length of oscillation. This novel method has potential for use in circadian phenotyping studies and to improve welfare, following experimental interventions where the mouse, a small, metabolically active animal is at risk of hypothermia

Exploring Multidisciplinary use of Unlicensed Medicines across Primary and Secondary Care (EMULSION)

An unlicensed medicine (ULM) is a product which does not have a marketing authorisation from the MHRA. ULMs include Specials, food supplements and imported medicines. They have not undergone the same regulatory processes as licensed medicines, including rigorous assessment of safety and efficacy. How and why prescribers choose to initiate these medicines, pharmacists source them and patients use them has never been explored. Aim and objectives • To explore the use of unlicensed medicines across primary and secondary care from the perspectives of prescribers, pharmacists and patients – To conduct an analysis of guidance documentation designed to support the use of unlicensed medicines – To describe experiences of prescribing, dispensing and taking ULMs – To explore perceptions of risks and benefits associated with ULMs – To identify concerns around use of ULMs – To discover any perceived improvements to ULM use in the NH

The growing gap between demand and availability of clinical psychology in Paediatric Gastroenterology: a retrospective analysis of clinical routine care.

Funder: University of CambridgeClinical psychology intervention in paediatric gastroenterology is vital given the biopsychosocial aetiology of paediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders, and the psychological impact of chronic conditions. The aim was to assess the availability and benefit of clinical psychology in paediatric gastroenterology across the UK and Germany. A retrospective assessment of referrals (n = 936 referrals) to clinical psychology was performed at our tertiary paediatric gastroenterology centre between 2010 and 2018. The availability of clinical psychologists and outcome of psychology intervention for children with functional abdominal pain were also assessed. Access to clinical psychology across the UK and Germany was assessed using an online questionnaire. We observed a substantial rise in the number of clinical psychology referrals between 2010 and 2018. Increasing demand was not matched by sufficient increase in availability of clinical psychology, leading to longer waiting times. A major benefit of clinical psychology intervention was highlighted with 95% of patients (n = 20) reporting a significant reduction in symptoms. Of the 12 centres who responded, 11 centres have direct access to clinical psychology with a mean of 13% of patients requiring psychology referrals annually.Conclusion: Despite evidence of its benefit and increasing demand, there is insufficient access to clinical psychological services, highlighting the urgent need to address this important issue. What is known: • The biopsychosocial pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders involves a disordered brain-gut interaction, which emphasizes the close link between psychological factors and altered gut function. • Psychological intervention, as an adjunct to medical treatment, improves outcomes in paediatric patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disease such as functional gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases What is new: • There is a rising number of referrals from paediatric gastroenterology to clinical psychology in our centre which is not met by a sufficient increase in the availability of clinical psychologists. Similarly, access to clinical psychological services is lacking in several paediatric gastroenterology centres in the UK and Germany. • Strategic action is required to address this important gap in the care of children suffering from GI diseases

Allelic segregation and independent assortment in <i>T. brucei</i> crosses: proof that the genetic system is Mendelian and involves meiosis

The genetic system on Trypanosoma brucei has been analysed by generating large numbers of independent progeny clones from two crosses, one between two cloned isolates of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and one between cloned isolates of T. b. brucei and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Type 2. Micro and minisatellite markers (located on each of the 11 megabase housekeeping chromosomes) were identified, that are heterozygous in one or more of the parental strains and the segregation of alleles at each locus was then determined in each of the progeny clones. The results unequivocally show that alleles segregate in the predicted ratios and that alleles at loci on different chromosomes segregate independently. These data provide statistically robust proof that the genetic system is Mendelian and that meiosis occurs. Segregation distortion is observed with the minisatellite locus located on chromosome I of T. b. gambiense Type 2 and neighboring markers, but analysis of markers further along this chromosome did not show distortion leading to the conclusion that this is due to selection acting on one part of this chromosome. The results obtained are discussed in relation to previously proposed models of mating and support the occurrence of meiosis to form haploid gametes that then fuse to form the diploid progeny in a single round of mating

An evaluation of the EQUIP treatment programme with men who have intellectual and developmental disabilities

Background: The Equipping Youth to Help One Another Programme (EQUIP) was designed for young offenders to address a developmental delay in moral reasoning, distorted cognitions and social skills. Methods: The present authors undertook a single case series study and piloted an adapted version of the EQUIP programme with three men with intellectual disabilities and four men with a diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome, all of whom were detained in a medium‐secure forensic unit for people with intellectual disabilities. Treatment was delivered over a 12‐week period, and participants took part in four‐one‐hour sessions per week. Results: The results suggested that treatment was successful at increasing moral reasoning ability, reducing distorted cognitions and improving ability to choose effective solutions to problems. However, treatment did not have a significant effect upon anger. Conclusions: The EQUIP programme is a promising treatment, but further research is needed to investigate its effectiveness with men with intellectual or other developmental disabilities

Type 2 MI induced by a single high dose of isoproterenol in C57BL/6J mice triggers a persistent adaptive immune response against the heart.

Heart failure is the common final pathway of several cardiovascular conditions and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aberrant activation of the adaptive immune system in response to myocardial necrosis has recently been implicated in the development of heart failure. The ß-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol hydrochloride is used for its cardiac effects in a variety of different dosing regimens with high doses causing acute cardiomyocyte necrosis. To assess whether isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis triggers an adaptive immune response against the heart, we treated C57BL/6J mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol. We confirmed tissue damage reminiscent of human type 2 myocardial infarction. This is followed by an adaptive immune response targeting the heart as demonstrated by the activation of T cells, the presence of anti-heart auto-antibodies in the serum as late as 12 weeks after initial challenge and IgG deposition in the myocardium. All of these are hallmark signs of an established autoimmune response. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from isoproterenol-treated mice induces left ventricular dilation and impairs cardiac function in healthy recipients. In summary, a single administration of a high dose of isoproterenol is a suitable high-throughput model for future studies of the pathological mechanisms of anti-heart autoimmunity and to test potential immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches