10,416 research outputs found
Charge Violation and Alice Behavior in Global and Textured Strings
Spontaneous breaking of global symmetries can produce ``Alice'' strings: line
defects which make unbroken symmetries multivalued, induce apparent charge
violation via Aharonov-Bohm interactions, and form point defects when twisted
into loops. We demonstrate this behavior for both divergent and textured global
Alice strings. Both adiabatically scatter charged particles via effective
Wilson lines. For textured Alice strings, such Wilson lines occur at all radii,
and are multivalued only inside the string. This produces measurable effects,
including path-dependent charge violation.Comment: 32 pages, 2 epsfigs, Revte
Mechanisms of fragmentation of Al-W granular composites under dynamic loading
Numerical simulations of Aluminum (Al) and Tungsten (W) granular composite
rings under various dynamic loading conditions caused by explosive loading were
examined. Three competing mechanisms of fragmentation were observed: a
continuum level mechanism generating large macrocracks described by the
Grady-Kipp fragmentation mechanism, a mesoscale mechanism generating voids and
microcracks near the initially unbonded Al/W interfaces due to tensile strains,
and a mesoscale jetting due to the development of large velocity gradients
between the W particles and adjacent Al. These mesoscale mechanisms can be used
to tailor the size of the fragments by selecting an appropriate initial
mesostructure for a given loading condition.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to AP
Observations of cosmic ray induced phosphenes
Phosphene observations by astronauts on flights near and far from earth atmosphere are discussed. It was concluded that phosphenes could be observed by the naked eye. Further investigation is proposed to determine realistic human tolerance levels for extended missions and to evaluate the need to provide special spacecraft shielding
The Conformal Anomaly in General Rank 1 Symmetric Spaces and Associated Operator Product
We compute the one-loop effective action and the conformal anomaly associated
with the product of the Laplace type operators , acting in irreducible rank 1 symmetric spaces of non-compact
type. The explicit form of the zeta functions and the conformal anomaly of the
stress-energy momentum tensor is derived.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
Silo Music and Silo Quake: Granular Flow Induced Vibration
Acceleration and sound measurements during granular discharge from silos are
used to show that silo music is a sound resonance produced by silo quake. The
latter is produced by stick-slip friction between the wall and the granular
material in tall narrow silos. For the discharge rates studied, the occurrence
and frequency of flow pulsations are determined primarily by the surface
properties of the granular material and the silo wall. The measurements show
that the pulsating motion of the granular material drives the oscillatory
motion of the silo and the occurrence of silo quake does not require a resonant
interaction between the silo and the granular material.Comment: 16 pages, submitted to Powder Technolog
Normal, Abby Normal, Prefix Normal
A prefix normal word is a binary word with the property that no substring has
more 1s than the prefix of the same length. This class of words is important in
the context of binary jumbled pattern matching. In this paper we present
results about the number of prefix normal words of length , showing
that for some and
. We introduce efficient
algorithms for testing the prefix normal property and a "mechanical algorithm"
for computing prefix normal forms. We also include games which can be played
with prefix normal words. In these games Alice wishes to stay normal but Bob
wants to drive her "abnormal" -- we discuss which parameter settings allow
Alice to succeed.Comment: Accepted at FUN '1
Parenting Strategies Used by Parents of Children with ASD: Differential Links with Child Problem Behaviour
Here, we explored the structure of the ‘Parenting Strategies Questionnaire’, a new scale designed to measure parenting strategies for problem behaviour in ASD. We then examined links between child behaviour and parenting in a sample of 222 predominantly-UK parents of ASD children exhibiting behaviour found difficult or challenging. Analysis revealed three parenting subscales: Accommodation, Reinforcement Approaches and Reducing Uncertainty. Both Accommodation and Reducing Uncertainty were linked to child problem behaviour. Child factors explained up to 29% of the variance in Accommodation, with Socially Inflexible Non-compliance the strongest predictor, and up to 24% of the variance in Reducing Uncertainty, with Intolerance of Uncertainty the strongest predictor. Child factors were not related to Reinforcement Approaches. Longitudinal studies investigating these relationships are needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental impairments characterised by difficulties with communication, socialisation, and rigid and repetitive behaviours (Americal Psychiatric Association 2013). Problem behaviour (also referred to as ‘behaviour that challenges’ or, in the past, ‘challenging behaviour’) often occurs in children with ASD, and is more severe in ASD than in other clinical populations (e.g., Brereton et al. 2006; Estes et al. 2009). Forms of problem behaviour include oppositionality, failures to comply, destructiveness and explosiveness (e.g., Gadow et al. 2004). These behaviours are thought to reflect a dysregulated emotional state, resulting in outbursts and prolonged emotional reactions (Mazefsky et al. 2018a, b). Problem behaviour may reflect attempts by the child to reduce anxiety or distress by escaping aversive activities, or reactivity reflecting frustration when things are not on their terms (Brewer et al. 2014; Larson 2006).
Demands to comply have been identified as a key trigger of reactivity in ASD (Chowdhury et al. 2016). Some individuals appear more reactive to routine demands (e.g., to wash or get dressed), and others to demands in socially challenging or novel situations (e.g., when visiting friends) (Chowdhury et al. 2016). The former ‘demand-specific’ profile resembles accounts of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance (‘PDA’), which describe avoidance of and reactivity to routine demands in children with ASD (Newson et al. 2003). Some accounts of PDA explicitly attribute these behaviours to elevated anxiety and distress in the context of demands (Newson et al. 2003). In contrast, the latter ‘socially inflexible’ profile, may particularly reflect intolerance of uncertainty: the tendency to “react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level to uncertain situations and events” (Buhr and Dugas 2009, p. 216), which characterizes some children with ASD (Boulter et al. 2014; Larson 2006)
Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Detects Mammal use of Stock Tanks and Natural Springs on the Prescott National Forest
Recent research has shown the viability of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis as a tool for identifying species presence in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is limited research indicating the feasibility of eDNA as a survey tool in water sources such as springs and stock tanks. Because of the scarcity of water in the high desert landscape of Arizona, natural springs and stock tanks are an important water resource. In this study, we examined whether 16S rRNA metabarcoding could detect mammal eDNA in springs and stock tanks in the Prescott National Forest. During summer 2019, we collected and analyzed water samples at eight sites, including five natural springs and three stock tanks. Across all sites, samples resulted in the detection of eight vertebrate species, including one amphibian, the American Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeiana, one bird, the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and seven mammal species, including the American Black Bear Ursus americanus, Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus, and two squirrel species from the Genus Sciurus. However, of the 1.9 million sequences generated during sequencing, 1.85 million sequences belonged to invertebrate species. This suggests amplification of invertebrate eDNA associated with the 16S primers, which may interfere with the detection of vertebrate eDNA sequences in these systems. POSTER PRESENTATION ARIZONA SPACE GRANT AWARD IGNITE AWAR
Role of material properties and mesostructure on dynamic deformation and shear instability in Al-W granular composites
Dynamic experiments with Al-W granular/porous composites revealed
qualitatively different behavior with respect to shear localization depending
on bonding between Al particles. Two-dimensional numerical modeling was used to
explore the mesomechanics of the large strain dynamic deformation in Al-W
granular/porous composites and explain the experimentally observed differences
in shear localization between composites with various mesostructures.
Specifically, the bonding between the Al particles, the porosity, the roles of
the relative particle sizes of Al and W, the arrangements of the W particles,
and the material properties of Al were investigated using numerical
calculations. It was demonstrated in simulations that the bonding between the
"soft" Al particles facilitated shear localization as seen in the experiments.
Numerical calculations and experiments revealed that the mechanism of the shear
localization in granular composites is mainly due to the local high strain flow
of "soft" Al around the "rigid" W particles causing localized damage
accumulation and subsequent growth of the meso/macro shear bands/cracks. The
"rigid" W particles were the major geometrical factor determining the
initiation and propagation of "kinked" shear bands in the matrix of "soft" Al
particles, leaving some areas free of extensive plastic deformation as observed
in experiments and numerical calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied Physic
Optimising a nonlinear utility function in multi-objective integer programming
In this paper we develop an algorithm to optimise a nonlinear utility
function of multiple objectives over the integer efficient set. Our approach is
based on identifying and updating bounds on the individual objectives as well
as the optimal utility value. This is done using already known solutions,
linear programming relaxations, utility function inversion, and integer
programming. We develop a general optimisation algorithm for use with k
objectives, and we illustrate our approach using a tri-objective integer
programming problem.Comment: 11 pages, 2 tables; v3: minor revisions, to appear in Journal of
Global Optimizatio
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