The National Counterterrorism Center: Foreign and Domestic Intelligence Fusion and the Potential Threat to Privacy

Late last year, Americans woke, dressed, read the newspaper, and learned that the Federal Government had been spying on them for over three years. The White House had asked theNew York Times not to publish an article detailing President Bush’s authorization of National Security Agency (NSA) wiretapping of American citizens.1 The paper consequently delayed publication of the story for a year.2 When the news finally broke, it ignited a firestorm of public controversy

Physical Education And Its Function In The Secondary School With A Suggested Program For I. M. Terrell High School , Fort Worth, Texas

There is no institution in contemporary life which has greater opportunity than the school to strengthen and enrich the democratic tradition and the democratic way of living. The consistent faith of the American people in the values of public education places directly upon all education the obligation to assume this responsibility. The Secondary School is but one period in the educational life of the child. If it is to meet their needs, education for the pupils must be based upon recognition of this stage of growth as a developmental period in its own right, not solely as preparation for adult living. It is essential here, as at all other levels, that those who are concerned with the developing individual have an awareness of the problems confronting him and an understanding of the many new purposes that cause his ways of behaving. It is the function of the Secondary School, therefore, to give each individual as wide an appreciation of the meaning of his life as his native capacity will permit, guiding him in the learning not only of the skills necessary for work and play but in the acquiring of those attitudes and habits of action which show understanding of democratic living. Purpose Originally, there was no physical education in the high school. It went on in the vigorous play and the hard work at home and the community; that is, in tie stunts on the natural apparatus of the environment, in the chasing island fleeing games, in the swimming and the hunting, in activities stimulated by the activities of parents, in running about, in the arduous walking and riding getting place to place, in the work of the home, etc. These activities went on through most of the working Hours, during practically three hundred and sixty-five days in the year, and all through childhood and youth. The functions of the school were chiefly to teach the written language. This situation during the last years especially has changed radically. The school has made new demands on children\u27s time. Therefore the purpose of this thesis is to give the function and role of physical education in the Secondary School and to work out a suggested program for I. M. Terrell High School, Fort Worth , Texas

DNA double-strand break repair in Caenorhabditis elegans

Faithful repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is vital for animal development, as inappropriate repair can cause gross chromosomal alterations that result in cellular dysfunction, ultimately leading to cancer, or cell death. Correct processing of DSBs is not only essential for maintaining genomic integrity, but is also required in developmental programs, such as gametogenesis, in which DSBs are deliberately generated. Accordingly, DSB repair deficiencies are associated with various developmental disorders including cancer predisposition and infertility. To avoid this threat, cells are equipped with an elaborate and evolutionarily well-conserved network of DSB repair pathways. In recent years, Caenorhabditis elegans has become a successful model system in which to study DSB repair, leading to important insights in this process during animal development. This review will discuss the major contributions and recent progress in the C. elegans field to elucidate the complex networks involved in DSB repair, the impact of which extends well beyond the nematode phylum

Unsung heroes: Constituency election agents in British general elections

Despite their central role in the electoral process, constituency agents have been largely overlooked by political scientists and this article seeks to rectify the omission. It sketches the origins and development of the role of agent from the late 19th century and suggests that a serious rethink of the role took place in the 1990s. Survey-based evidence about the social characteristics of agents is presented confirming that they are largely middle-aged, middle-class, well-educated men. They are also becoming more experienced, offer realistic assessments of the impact of constituency campaigning and, arguably, many take a long-term view of how their party's support can be maximised

Predicting microscale shifts in the distribution of the butterfly Plebejus argus at the northern edge of its range

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordSpecies are often observed to occur in restricted patches of particularly warm microclimate at their high latitude/altitude geographic range margin. In these areas, global warming is expected to cause small-scale expansion of the occupied area, but most previous studies of range expansion have used very coarse scale data. Using high resolution microclimate models together with detailed field surveys, we tested whether the butterfly Plebejus argus, occurring on limestone grassland in north Wales, was responding as might be expected due to climate change in the last 30-40 yr. The abundance of adult Plebejus argus at 100 m resolution in 2011 was strongly affected by elevation and near-ground temperatures in May. A statistical model including microclimate, fitted to 2011 data, was successful (67% correct) at hindcasting the occurrence of Plebejus argus in 1983 when the average May air temperature was 1.4°C cooler. However, the model was less accurate at hindcasting occurrences in 1972 (50% correct). Given the distribution of micro-sites in this landscape, we predict that further warming of approximately 1°C would make the majority of sites highly microclimatically suitable for this species. There are a growing number of long-term studies of range change, and investigations into the mechanisms driving them, but still surprisingly few that explicitly make and test predictions with independent data. Our tests are a valuable example of how accurate predictions of distribution change can be, but also of the inevitable uncertainties. Improved understanding of how well models predict will be very important to plan robust climate change adaptation measures.JAH, JJB, RJW and CDT were supported by NERC grant NE/G006377/1 (). Fieldwork by JAH and NL was supported by a pump-priming grant from the Dept of Biology, Univ. of York

Population turnover, habitat use and microclimate at the contracting range margin of a butterfly

Copyright © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014This is a post print version. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10841-014-9710-0There is another ORE record for this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31357Climate change is expected to drive patterns of extinction and colonisation that are correlated with geographic gradients in the climate, such as latitude and elevation. However, local population dynamics also depend on the fine-scale effects of vegetation and topography on resource availability and microclimate. Understanding how this fine-scale variation influences population survival in the face of changing climatic favourability could provide clues for adapting conservation to climate change. Here, we document a long-term decline of the butterfly Parnassius apollo in the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range in central Spain, and examine recent population turnover and habitat use by the species to make inferences about its ecology and conservation. A decline since the 1960s throughout the elevation range suggests a regional deterioration in favourability for the species. Since 2006, local habitat quality has been the main correlate of population persistence, with populations that persisted from 2006 to 2012 associated with high availability of larval host plants. At a finer resolution, the larval distribution in a network of suitable habitat in 2011 and 2012 was most closely related to bare ground cover. Thus, although slope, aspect and elevation lead to considerable variation in microhabitat temperatures during the period of P. apollo larval development, vegetation structure appears to have been the most critical factor for local habitat use and population persistence. The results show that site selection and management retain key roles in conservation despite the broad-scale effects of environmental change.Universidad Rey Juan Carlos/Comunidad de MadridSpanish Ministry of Education and ScienceRoyal Society of Londo

Population turnover, habitat use and microclimate at the contracting range margin of a butterfly

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this recordThere is another ORE record for this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16890Climate change is expected to drive patterns of extinction and colonisation that are correlated with geographic gradients in the climate, such as latitude and elevation. However, local population dynamics also depend on the fine-scale effects of vegetation and topography on resource availability and microclimate. Understanding how this fine-scale variation influences population survival in the face of changing climatic favourability could provide clues for adapting conservation to climate change. Here, we document a long-term decline of the butterfly Parnassius apollo in the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range in central Spain, and examine recent population turnover and habitat use by the species to make inferences about its ecology and conservation. A decline since the 1960s throughout the elevation range suggests a regional deterioration in favourability for the species. Since 2006, local habitat quality has been the main correlate of population persistence, with populations that persisted from 2006 to 2012 associated with high availability of larval host plants. At a finer resolution, the larval distribution in a network of suitable habitat in 2011 and 2012 was most closely related to bare ground cover. Thus, although slope, aspect and elevation lead to considerable variation in microhabitat temperatures during the period of P. apollo larval development, vegetation structure appears to have been the most critical factor for local habitat use and population persistence. The results show that site sele ction and management retain key roles in conservation despite the broad-scale effects of environmental change.Research was funded by Universidad Rey Juan Carlos/Comunidad de Madrid (URJC-CM-2006-CET-0592), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science with an F.P.U. Scholarship and Research Projects (REN2002-12853-E/GLO, CGL2005-06820/BOS, CGL2008-04950/BOS and CGL2011-30259), and the Royal Society of London (International Joint Project “Climate change and metapopulation dynamics at a contracting range margin”)