31 research outputs found

    Compacity of soils developed over Tertiary-Quanernary sediments in the Terra Cha area (Lugo)

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    [Abstract] Using a gamma probe, bulk density has been measured for nine profiles from 20 cm depth to depths ranging from 90 to 15Ocm. The intent ofthis work was to assesss total porosity variability withinand between sites at an area characterized by an abrupt textural change. Bulk density values obtained at both tertiary and quaternary subsoillayers are significantly higher and show less variability between sites and also more repeteability along the time than bulk density values obtained at the surface A and B soil horizons. In addition, Hg intrusion porosimetry demonstrated a decrease of the average pore diameter with depth and thus with age of the soil and sediement materials

    Design and operation of a rainfall simulator for field studies of runoff and soil erosion

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    [Abstract] The present paper describes the design, construction, calibration and operation of a spray rainfall simulator . The design of the plots used for the purpose of this study is also described in order to determine hydrological and erosion parameters. Selected rainfall intensity of 64 mm h- 1 are representative of heavy storm conditions in Galicia. Drop size distribution results in these conditions , a D5 0of 1.2 mm, were similar to those calculated for natural rainfall by BUBENZER (1979). Fall velocities reached were between 75 and 100% terminal velocity, depending on drop diameter and 13.05 Jm- 2m m- 1kinetic energy was obtained Surface area of the plots used was 1 m2, surronded by a metal structure connected to a V-shaped system to collect the surface runoff and sediment produced in the different experiments

    Sufficiency ranges (sr) and deviation from optimum percentage (dop) references for leaf blade and petiole analysis in ‘Red Grenache’ grapevines

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    [EN] [Aim] To obtain specific references for the nutritional diagnosis of ten essential nutrients for leaf blade and petiole of ‘red Grenache’ (Vitis vinifera L.).[Methods and results] Leaf blades and petioles from 36 vineyards of ‘red Grenache’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on Richter 110 were collected and analyzed at flowering and veraison between 1992 and 2008. Using the compiled data bank, nutritional references for ten elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were calculated. Optimal values were those around the central data (μ ± 0.25σ), while excessive and deficient values were those beyond the tails of the distribution (μ ± 0.84σ). Percentile calculation was performed when transformations to normal distributions became unlikely.[Conclusion] References for Sufficiency Ranges (SR) and Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) methods were obtained for those ten nutrients studied.[Significance and impact of the study] The proposed ‘red Grenache’ references for leaf blade and petiole contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine nutrient diagnosis based on tissue analysis. These references are a guide to assess the nutritional status of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine around the world in general and, with higher accuracy, for the Rioja region and areas with similar vineyard conditions.[FR] [Objectif] Obtenir des références spécifiques pour le diagnostic nutritionnel de dix éléments nutritifs essentiels au limbe et pétiole de ‘Grenache noir’ (Vitis vinifera L.).[Méthodes et résultats] Les limbes et pétioles des feuilles provenant de 36 vignobles de ‘Grenache noir’ (Vitis vinifera L.) greffés sur Richter 110 ont été recueillis et analysés à la floraison et à la véraison entre 1992 et 2008. À partir de la banque de données, des références nutritionnelles pour dix éléments (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu et B) ont été calculées. Les valeurs optimales étaient celles autour de la valeur centrale de données (μ ± 0.25σ), tandis que les valeurs excessives et déficientes étaient celles au-delà des extrémités de la distribution (μ ± 0.84σ). Lorsque les valeurs n’étaient pas conformes à une distribution normale et que la transformation logarithmique n’était pas efficace, les percentiles correspondants ont été calculés.[Conclusion] Les références pour les méthodes Gammes de Suffisance et Déviation du Pourcentage Optimal ont été obtenues pour les dix nutriments étudiés.[Signification et impact de l’étude] Les références pour le limbe et le pétiole de ‘Grenache noir’ contribuent à l’amélioration du diagnostic de nutriments. Ces références sont un guide pour évaluer l’état nutritionnel des vignes de ‘Grenache noir’ dans le monde et, avec une plus grande précision, dans la région de Rioja et dans d’autres régions similaires.This study was supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Research (Spain) and the Regional Government of La Rioja (Spain) with Projects INIA-SC00-016, PR-01-03, PR-01-04 and PR-03-05, among others. We also thank Mrs. M. Carmen Arroyo, the staff at the Regional Laboratory of La Grajera (La Rioja), the staff at the Viticulture and Oenology Section (SIDTA-ICVV), and the vine growers who helped develop the database.Peer Reviewe

    Leaf blade and petiole nutritional diagnosis for Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Tempranillo' by deviation from optimum percentage method

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    Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) is a diagnosis methodology for leaf analyses which expresses the deviation for each element with respect to its optimal concentration. This deviation is an individual index for each nutrient and allows the sorting of all the analyzed nutrients according to their limitations. A nutritional survey was undertaken over eleven years in La Rioja (Spain), to establish reference concentrations for the nutritional diagnosis of Vitis vinifera L., cv. 'Tempranillo' grafted on Richter-110. Reference concentrations for DOP methodology are proposed, and sensibility for the nutritional diagnosis was evaluated for blade and petiole analysis of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B at flowering and veraison phenological stages by comparison between DOP and sufficiency ranges (SR) methods. Results suggest that petiole has lower sensibility than blade to detect deficiencies or excesses of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn at veraison. In addition, petiole is a better tissue than blade to detect Fe and B deficiencies or excesses. Therefore, our results make possible the right choice between tissues, leaf blade or petiole, for a general nutritional diagnosis of 'Tempranillo' grapevines. On the other hand, it is possible to evaluate the status of each nutrient in each phonological stage analyzing both tissues and comparing the nutrient status to its references, DOP or SR, in the most adequate tissue.This study was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, Spain), the European Social Fund and the Regional Government of La Rioja (Spain): Projects INIA-SC00-016, PR-01-03, PR-01-04, and PR-03-05, among others.Peer Reviewe

    Leaf blade and petiole nutritional evolution and variability throughout the crop season for Vitis Vinifera L. cv. graciano

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    © 2015 INIA. An adequate nutritional state of a crop can be kept by means of a well-designed fertilization plan based on the assessment of the nutrient availability throughout the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of leaf blade and petiole diagnosis and the period of validity of their references at both flowering and veraison by means of systematic monitoring throughout the complete growing season. The study was carried out in two plots planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Graciano within the AOC Rioja (Spain). Blades and petioles were collected throughout a growing season (2006) and total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentrations were analyzed in both tissues. Results suggest, in general, that petioles have higher variability and lower analysis reproducibility than blades. Therefore, blade could be a more appropriate tissue to evaluate N, P, K, Ca, and Mg at both flowering and veraison in this variety. Micronutrients in blade and petiole showed different variability behaviour in each of the vineyards studied, therefore, based on our results, it was difficult to determine which one could be the best tissue for the nutritional diagnosis of the ‘Graciano’ variety. Seasonal changes of nutrient concentration in both tissues also confirmed the need for reference values for each tissue and each phenological stage.Peer Reviewe

    Linking Employee Stakeholders to Environmental Performance: The Role of Proactive Environmental Strategies and Shared Vision

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    Drawing on the natural-resource-based view (NRBV), we propose that employee stakeholder integration is linked to environmental performance through firms’ proactive environmental strategies, and that this link is contingent on shared vision. We tested our model with a cross-country and multi-industry sample. In support of our theory, results revealed that firms’ proactive environmental strategies translated employee stakeholder integration into environmental performance. This relationship was pronounced for high levels of shared vision. Our findings demonstrate that shared vision represents a key condition for advancing the corporate greening agenda through proactive environmental strategies. We discuss implications for the CSR and the environmental management literatures, with a particular focus on the NRBV and stakeholder integration debates

    References pour diagnostic nutritionnel des limbes et des petioles de la vigne CV. Grenache noir

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    Póster presentado en el 37th World Congress of Vine and Wine, celebrado en Mendoza (Argentina) del 9 al 14 de noviembre de 2014.[EN] The aim was to obtain specific references for the nutritional diagnosis of ten essential nutrients for leaf blade and petiole of Red Grenache (Vitis vinifera L.). Leaf blades and petioles from 36 vineyards of Red Grenache (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on Richer 110 were collected and analyzed at flowering and veraison between 1992 and 2008. Using the compiled data bank nutritional references for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were calculated. Optimal values were those around the central data (μ±0.25σ), while excessive and deficient values were those beyond the tails of the distribution (μ±0.84σ). Percentile calculation was performed when transformations to Normal distributions became unlikely. After the statistical study, references for Sufficiency Ranges (SR) and Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) methods were obtained for those ten nutrients studied. The proposed Red Grenache references for leaf blade and petiole contribute to the improvement in the accuracy of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine nutrient diagnosis based on tissue analysis. These references are a guide to assess the nutritional status of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine in general and, with higher accuracy, for the Rioja region and areas were the vineyard conditions are similar.[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido obtener referencias específicas para el diagnóstico nutricional de diez elementos esenciales en limbo y pecíolo de la variedad Garnacha tinta (Vitis vinifera L.). Entre los años 1992 y 2008, se muestrearon limbos y pecíolos de 36 viñedos de Garnacha tinta (Vitis vinifera L.) injertada sobre Ritcher 110 en los momentos fenológicos de floración y envero. A partir de la base de datos recopilada, se calcularon referencias nutricionales para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu y B. Se consideraron como valores óptimos aquellos que se situaban, respecto al valor central, dentro del rango dado por μ±0.25σ, mientras que se consideraron valores excesivos o deficitarios aquellos situados en las colas de la distribución normal dada por μ±0.84σ. Se calcularon los percentiles correspondientes cuando el ajuste a la distribución normal no era satisfactorio. Tras el estudio estadístico, se proponen referencias para diez nutrientes mediante los métodos de Rangos de Suficiencia (SR) y Desviación del Óptimo Porcentual (DOP). Las referencias propuestas para limbo y pecíolo de Garnacha tinta contribuirán a mejorar la exactitud de la diagnosis nutricional basada en el análisis de material vegetal de dicha variedad. Estas referencias serán una ayuda para el diagnóstico de Garnacha tinta en general, teniendo en cuenta que su exactitud aumentará en tanto las condiciones del viñedo sean lo más similares posibles a aquellas de la DOCa Rioja, donde han sido obtenidas.[FR] Le objectif était obtenir des références spécifiques pour le diagnostic nutritionnel de dix éléments nutritifs essentiels au limbe et pétiole de Grenache noir (Vitis vinifera L.) Les limbes et pétioles des feuilles de 36 vignobles de Grenache noir (Vitis vinifera L.) greffé sur Richer 110 ont été recueillis et analysés à la floraison et à la véraison entre 1992 et 2008. À partir de la banque de données, des références nutritionnelles pour dix éléments ont été calculés. Les valeurs optimales sont celles autour de la valeur centrale de données (μ± 0.25σ), tandis que les valeurs excessives et déficientes sont ceux au-delà des extrémités de la distribution (μ± 0.84σ). Lorsque les valeurs ne sont pas conformes à une distribution normale et la transformation logarithmique n'était pas efficace, les percentiles correspondants ont été calculés. Les Références pour les méthodes Ranges de Suffisance et Déviation du Pourcentage Optimal ont été obtenus pour les dix nutriments étudiés. Les références pour limbe et pétiole de Grenache noir contribuent à l'amélioration du diagnostic de nutriments. Ces références sont un guide pour évaluer l'état nutritionnel des vignes de Grenache noir, et avec une plus grande précision, dans la région de Rioja et autres régions similaires.Peer Reviewe

    Leaf blade and petiole analysis for nutrient diagnosis in Vitis viniferaL. cv. Garnacha tinta

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    [Backgrounds and Aims] Leaf blade and petiole of the grapevine at different sampling times are normally employed for nutritional diagnosis. Both tissues were studied to determine their reliability for diagnosis at different stages of development and, also, the period of time, around the phenological stage of a reference, in which an analysis could be compared with this reference.[Methods and Results] Blades and petioles of Garnacha tinta grapevine were collected throughout the growing season for analysis of ten essential elements. In general, petioles showed greater variability between replicates for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese and zinc, while iron, copper and boron presented greater variability in blades. Differences between consecutive sampling times suggested that references for complete cap-fall will be valid only until fruitset. Furthermore, petiole references at any time within veraison are valid at least until the beginning of ripening, while blade references for veraison are valid from the end of berry development until the advanced ripening stage for most nutrients.[Conclusions] Diagnosis of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese and zinc is preferable in the blade at complete cap-fall, fruitset and veraison, while the petiole is a better choice for iron and boron at both complete cap-fall and fruitset, and for boron at veraison. Calcium and magnesium at flowering or veraison, and iron at veraison, showed similar reliability for both tissues. Significance of the Study: This study contributes to identification of improved sampling strategies that improve the accuracy of grapevine nutrient diagnosis based on tissue analysis. © 2013 Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology Inc.This study was supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Research (Spain), and by the Regional Government of La Rioja (Spain). Projects SC00-016, PR-01-03, PR-01-04, PR-03-05 and PR-04-06.Peer Reviewe
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