Adaptation du pois protéagineux au changement climatique : approche par simulation de combinaisons génotype x environnement x pratiques culturales dans des climats français contrastés

National audienc

Azodyn-Pea, a crop model to adapt pea crop to climate change

EABAPGEAPSIAGROSUPCT ?Azodyn-Pea, a crop model to adapt pea crop to climate change. 2. Agriculture and Climate Change Conferenc

Adaptation of Pea to contrasted French regions : simulation of pea varieties with the AZODYN-Pea crop

EAGEAPSIAGROSUPPea (Pisum sativum L.) is a particularly sensitive crop regarding abiotic stress throughout its cycle (Schneider and Huyghe 2015). Climate change results in the increase of the unpredictability of both the frequency and the intensity of these stresses (Stocker et al. 2013). To avoid abiotic stress, breeders have been developing, for the last fifteen years, winter pea varieties sown during autumn, more resistant to frost with an earlier flowering date than spring pea, as well as varieties called “Hr”, photoperiod-sensitive, that can be sown even earlier than regular winter types. However, despite the progress of winter type breeding, winter pea surfaces seldom reached more than 25000ha since 2000. Our aim was to study the performances of the different types of pea in contrasted French regions, for various climates, in order to adapt the choice of the pea type to the frequency and intensity of abiotic stress. For this purpose, the crop model Azodyn-Pea (Jeuffroy et al. 2012) was adapted to simulate various types of pea. The model was then used for the evaluation of the three types over the past ten years in different French regions in order to identify which type is most suited to each environment (climate, region). Here we show the potential of winter pea for various French climates. Azodyn-Pea will also allow, in a second phase, the exploration of novel combinations of plant traits in order to design ideotypes and contribute to the development of new varieties within each type

Prédictions of autogenous arteriovenous hemodialysis access thrombosis after renal transplantation

We conducted a monocentric retrospective review of prospective clinical records of 145 patients with a functional aAVF who had a RT between January 2004 and December 2009 in the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand. Our primary endpoint was the thrombosis of the aAVF. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated to aAVF thrombosis after RT.ResultsThere were 105 men (72 %) and 40 women (28 %), mean age 52 years (range: 18.4-74.7 years). The aAVF was created on average 40 months (range: 2-169) before the RT. The aAVF was distal, in 96 cases (66 %) and proximal in 49 cases (34%). Nineteen aAVF (13.1%) were complicated and required an endovascular or surgical repair before RT. Forty-nine patients (34%) required multiple aAVF (>2). Mean follow-up from RT was 58 months (0.03-123) and from aAVF creation 97 months (5-262). At the end of the follow-up, 81 aAVFs (59%) were patent, 42 (29%) were thrombosed and 22 (15%) were surgically closed. Patients that had multiple fistulas before RT and active smokers were significantly at risk to thrombose their aAVF after the RT in univariate (respectively, P=0.03 and P=0.02) and multiple logistic regression analyses (respectively, P=0.03 and P=0.047).ConclusionsThrombosis is a part of the natural history of the aAVF after RT. A history of multiple aAVF creations before RT and active smoking were associated to significant increased risk for fistula thrombosis. Because hemodialysis may be needed after RT, the aAVF patency should be preserved, excepted when the aAVF resulted in complications. Follow-up of the aAVF after RT is important to detect and treat complications before thrombosis occurs

Contribution of voriconazole N-oxide plasma concentration measurements to voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive fungal infection

International audienceBACKGROUND: Voriconazole (VRC), a widely used triazole antifungal, exhibits significant inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability. The main metabolite voriconazole N-oxide (NOX) can provide information on the patient’s drug metabolism capacity. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to implement routine measurement of NOX concentrations and to describe the metabolic ratio (MR), and the contribution of the MR to VRC therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by proposing a suggested dosage-adjustment algorithm. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients treated with VRC were prospectively included in the study, and VRC and NOX levels were assayed by LC-MS/MS. A mixed logistic model on repeated measures was implemented to analyze risk factors for the patient’s concentration to be outside the therapeutic range. RESULTS: Based on 225 measurements, the median and interquartile range were 2.4 μg/mL (1.2; 4.2), 2.1 μg/mL (1.5; 3.0), and 1.0 (0.6; 1.9) for VRC, NOX, and the MR, respectively. VRC C(min) < 2 μg/mL were associated with a higher MR during the previous visit. MR values > 1.15 and < 0.48 were determined to be the best predictors for having a VRC C(min) lower than 2 μg/mL and above 5.5 μg/mL, respectively, at the next visit. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of NOX resulted useful for TDM of patients treated with VRC. The MR using NOX informed interpretation and clinical decision-making and is very interesting for complex patients. VRC phenotyping based on the MR is now performed routinely in our institution. A dosing algorithm has been suggested from these results

Sitting in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 treated with nusinersen

Aim: To determine factors associated with acquisition of a sitting position in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) treated with nusinersen. Method: Using data from the registry of patients with SMA1 treated with nusinersen, we compared the subgroups of sitters and non-sitters after 14 months of therapy as a function of baseline level, SMN2 copy number, age at treatment initiation, and improvement at 2 and 6 months post-treatment initiation. We used Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, Section 2 (HINE-2) and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders for motor evaluation. Results: Fifty children (22 females, 28 males), mean age 22 months (SD 20.7; range 2.5–102.8mo) were treated. Data on sitting position acquisition were collected for 47 patients at month 14. Fifteen patients were able to sit unassisted; 11 of 15 had a baseline HINE-2 score of at least 2 points and 11 of 14 had an improvement over baseline of at least 2 points at month 6. Patients who improved by 2 or more points at month 6 were three times more likely to be sitters at month 14 than those who did not. Interpretation: High baseline motor function and improvement in HINE-2 score after 6 months of treatment are associated with the probability of acquiring a sitting position in patients with SMA1 treated with nusinersen. What this paper adds: Fifteen of 47 patients with spinal muscular atrophy could sit unaided 14 months after treatment with nusinersen. The number of SMN2 copies were not predictive of acquisition of a sitting position. Baseline condition and clinical response after 6 months of treatment were most predictive of sitting position acquisition.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Documenting the Recovery of Vascular Services in European Centres Following the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic Peak: Results from a Multicentre Collaborative Study

ObjectiveTo document the recovery of vascular services in Europe following the first COVID-19 pandemic peak.MethodsAn online structured vascular service survey with repeated data entry between 23 March and 9 August 2020 was carried out. Unit level data were collected using repeated questionnaires addressing modifications to vascular services during the first peak (March - May 2020, "period 1"), and then again between May and June ("period 2") and June and July 2020 ("period 3"). The duration of each period was similar. From 2 June, as reductions in cases began to be reported, centres were first asked if they were in a region still affected by rising cases, or if they had passed the peak of the first wave. These centres were asked additional questions about adaptations made to their standard pathways to permit elective surgery to resume.ResultsThe impact of the pandemic continued to be felt well after countries' first peak was thought to have passed in 2020. Aneurysm screening had not returned to normal in 21.7% of centres. Carotid surgery was still offered on a case by case basis in 33.8% of centres, and only 52.9% of centres had returned to their normal aneurysm threshold for surgery. Half of centres (49.4%) believed their management of lower limb ischaemia continued to be negatively affected by the pandemic. Reduced operating theatre capacity continued in 45.5% of centres. Twenty per cent of responding centres documented a backlog of at least 20 aortic repairs. At least one negative swab and 14 days of isolation were the most common strategies used for permitting safe elective surgery to recommence.ConclusionCentres reported a broad return of services approaching pre-pandemic "normal" by July 2020. Many introduced protocols to manage peri-operative COVID-19 risk. Backlogs in cases were reported for all major vascular surgeries

Sotrovimab therapy elicits antiviral activities against Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in sera of immunocompromised patients [letter]

International audienc