Symbolic content of the white medical coat

La comunicación simbólica es una característica importante de las especies. Como la gente viste puede proporcionar a los demás una representación simbólica de lo que ellos son, esto es, de su estatus y papel social que representan. En este artículo se realiza un análisis simbólico de la vestimenta utilizada por los médicos, la bata blanca. Se analiza el cómo y por qué del cambio de color de la bata, tanto a nivel del laboratorio, como del hospital y las relaciones medico-paciente que existían en tiempos anteriores y las actuales, así como la carga simbólica que ello representa para la medicina actual.The symbolic communication is an important characteristic of the human species. The way people dress can give us a symbolic representation of the way they are –that is, their status and social role. In this article, we analyse symbolically the clothing of doctors, the white coat. We examine how and why the colour of the coat changed, both in the laboratory and the hospital, and the relations between doctor and patient that existed in the past and at present, as well as the symbolic power that this represents for the present-day medicine.Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granad

Downregulation of IRF8 in Alveolar Macrophages by G-CSF Promotes Metastatic Tumor Progression

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are abundant immune cells within pre-metastatic sites, yet their functional contributions to metastasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that alveolar macrophages (AMs), the main TRMs of the lung, are susceptible to downregulation of the immune stimulatory transcription factor IRF8, impairing anti-metastatic activity in models of metastatic breast cancer. G-CSF is a key tumor-associated factor (TAF) that acts upon AMs to reduce IRF8 levels and facilitate metastasis. Translational relevance of IRF8 downregulation was observed among macrophage precursors in breast cancer and

Análise da população de condrictes (Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) de águas demersais e profundas do Caribe centro-americano, a partir de campanhas de prospecção pesqueira com redes de arrasto

The abundance, richness, diversity, and distribution are described for deep water chondrichthyan fauna collected during a survey of Oceanographic Vessel Miguel Oliver along the continental shelf on the Caribbean coast of Central America from January 3rd to February 3rd, 2011. A Lofoten net was used for bottom trawling for 30 minutes, in each of 96 different sampling points distributed along 25 equidistant transects. A total of 28 species was collected belonging to six orders and ten families. In addition, 8 species of rays, 5 species of chimaeras and 15 species of sharks are described.  The Squalidae family showed the highest abundance (n = 184), richness (7 species) and biomass (222.6kg, 58%). The dominant species was S. cubensis represented by 37% collected. The highest Shannon Diversity Index was obtained along the Nicaraguan coasts (2.051). The distribution of species by temperature and depth was between 4 and 16ºC and between 20 and 1,000 m. In addition, eight species were reported for the first time for this area H. mirabilis, R. atlantica, D. profundorum, C. tesselatus, E. gracilispinis, E. carteri, G. springeri and H. perlo.Se describen la abundancia, riqueza, diversidad y distribución de las especies de condrictios de profundidad, capturadas en campaña de prospección pesquera del B/O Miguel Oliver en la plataforma y  el talud continental de la costa Caribe de Centroamérica, entre el 3 de enero del 2011 y el 3 de febrero del 2011. Se utilizó una red tipo Lofoten para realizar arrastres de fondo de 30 minutos de duración cada uno, en 96 puntos de muestreo de los 25 transectos equidistantes. Se capturaron 28 especies, pertenecientes a 6 órdenes y 11 familias. Se describen 8 especies de rayas, 5 de quimeras y 15 de tiburones. La familia Squalidae mostró la mayor abundancia (n = 184),  mayor riqueza (7 especies) y biomasa (222.6 kg, 58%), donde la especie dominante fue S. cubensis representada por un 37% en las capturas. El valor más alto del índice de diversidad de Shannon se obtuvo frente a las costas de Nicaragua (2.051). La distribución de las especies por temperatura y profundidad las ubica entre los 4 y 16ºC y entre los 20 y 1 000 m, respectivamente. Se reporta por primera vez en esta área la presencia de ocho especies: H. mirabilis, R. atlantica, D. profundorum, C. tesselatus, E. gracilispinis, E. carteri, G.  springeri y H. perlo.Descrevem-se a abundância, riqueza, diversidade e distribuição das espécies de condrictes de profundidade, capturadas em campanha de prospecção pesqueira do B/O Miguel Oliver na plataforma e no talude continental da costa Caribe da América Central, entre o dia 3 de janeiro de 2011 e o dia 3 de fevereiro de 2011. Foi utilizada uma rede tipo Lofoten para realizar arrastos de fundo de 30 minutos de duração cada um, em 96 pontos de amostragem das 25 transeções equidistantes. Foram capturadas 28 espécies, pertencentes a 6 ordens e 10 famílias. Descrevem-se 8 espécies de raias, 5 de quimeras e 15 de tubarões. A família Squalidae mostrou a maior abundância (n = 184), maior riqueza (7 espécies) e biomassa (222.6 kg, 58%), onde a espécie dominante foi S. cubensis representada por 37% nas capturas. O valor mais alto do índice de diversidade de Shannon foi obtido em frente da costa da Nicarágua (2.051). A distribuição das espécies por temperatura e profundidade colocam-nas entre os 4 e 16ºC e entre os 20 e 1 000 m, respectivamente. Relata-se pela primeira vez nesta área a presença de oito espécies: H. mirabilis, R. atlântica, D. profundorum, C. tesselatus, E. gracilispinis, E. carteri, G.  springeri e H. perlo

Análise da população de condrictes (Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) de águas demersais e profundas do Caribe centro-americano, a partir de campanhas de prospecção pesqueira com redes de arrasto

Se describen la abundancia, riqueza, diversidad y distribución de las especies de condrictios de profundidad, capturadas en campaña de prospección pesquera del B/O Miguel Oliver en la plataforma y  el talud continental de la costa Caribe de Centroamérica, entre el 3 de enero del 2011 y el 3 de febrero del 2011. Se utilizó una red tipo Lofoten para realizar arrastres de fondo de 30 minutos de duración cada uno, en 96 puntos de muestreo de los 25 transectos equidistantes. Se capturaron 28 especies, pertenecientes a 6 órdenes y 11 familias. Se describen 8 especies de rayas, 5 de quimeras y 15 de tiburones. La familia Squalidae mostró la mayor abundancia (n = 184),  mayor riqueza (7 especies) y biomasa (222.6 kg, 58%), donde la especie dominante fue S. cubensis representada por un 37% en las capturas. El valor más alto del índice de diversidad de Shannon se obtuvo frente a las costas de Nicaragua (2.051). La distribución de las especies por temperatura y profundidad las ubica entre los 4 y 16ºC y entre los 20 y 1 000 m, respectivamente. Se reporta por primera vez en esta área la presencia de ocho especies: H. mirabilis, R. atlantica, D. profundorum, C. tesselatus, E. gracilispinis, E. carteri, G.  springeri y H. perlo.The abundance, richness, diversity, and distribution are described for deep water chondrichthyan fauna collected during a survey of Oceanographic Vessel Miguel Oliver along the continental shelf on the Caribbean coast of Central America from January 3rd to February 3rd, 2011. A Lofoten net was used for bottom trawling for 30 minutes, in each of 96 different sampling points distributed along 25 equidistant transects. A total of 28 species was collected belonging to six orders and ten families. In addition, 8 species of rays, 5 species of chimaeras and 15 species of sharks are described.  The Squalidae family showed the highest abundance (n = 184), richness (7 species) and biomass (222.6kg, 58%). The dominant species was S. cubensis represented by 37% collected. The highest Shannon Diversity Index was obtained along the Nicaraguan coasts (2.051). The distribution of species by temperature and depth was between 4 and 16ºC and between 20 and 1,000 m. In addition, eight species were reported for the first time for this area H. mirabilis, R. atlantica, D. profundorum, C. tesselatus, E. gracilispinis, E. carteri, G. springeri and H. perlo.Descrevem-se a abundância, riqueza, diversidade e distribuição das espécies de condrictes de profundidade, capturadas em campanha de prospecção pesqueira do B/O Miguel Oliver na plataforma e no talude continental da costa Caribe da América Central, entre o dia 3 de janeiro de 2011 e o dia 3 de fevereiro de 2011. Foi utilizada uma rede tipo Lofoten para realizar arrastos de fundo de 30 minutos de duração cada um, em 96 pontos de amostragem das 25 transeções equidistantes. Foram capturadas 28 espécies, pertencentes a 6 ordens e 10 famílias. Descrevem-se 8 espécies de raias, 5 de quimeras e 15 de tubarões. A família Squalidae mostrou a maior abundância (n = 184), maior riqueza (7 espécies) e biomassa (222.6 kg, 58%), onde a espécie dominante foi S. cubensis representada por 37% nas capturas. O valor mais alto do índice de diversidade de Shannon foi obtido em frente da costa da Nicarágua (2.051). A distribuição das espécies por temperatura e profundidade colocam-nas entre os 4 e 16ºC e entre os 20 e 1 000 m, respectivamente. Relata-se pela primeira vez nesta área a presença de oito espécies: H. mirabilis, R. atlântica, D. profundorum, C. tesselatus, E. gracilispinis, E. carteri, G.  springeri e H. perlo

Contenido simbólico de la bata blanca de los médicos

La comunicación simbólica es una característica importante de las especies. Como la gente viste puede proporcionar a los demás una representación simbólica de lo que ellos son, esto es, de su estatus y papel social que representan. En este artículo se realiza un análisis simbólico de la vestimenta utilizada por los médicos, la bata blanca. Se analiza el cómo y por qué del cambio de color de la bata, tanto a nivel del laboratorio, como del hospital y las relaciones medico-paciente que existían en tiempos anteriores y las actuales, así como la carga simbólica que ello representa para la medicina actual

Construcción de una prueba de inteligencia emocional

Under the theoretical framework of Salovey and Moyer a psychometric test has been created to measure Emotional Intelligence. Five domains have been considered for items elaboration: a) Emotional Self-knowledge; b) Emotional Control; c) Self motivation; d) Empathy and e) Interpersonal relations. A randomly sample of 489 first level students was selected from 19 different University Programs which belong to five Academic Areas. The psychometric item analysis permited to take not statistically significant items out. The Test reported internal consistency reliability through Alfa Cronbach Coeficient. It has been reported for each domain evaluated and for the general test. It has been also confirmed content and construct validity for the test.Se ha construido una prueba para medir la Inteligencia emocional tomando como base la propuesta de Salovey y Mayer. Se construyeron items pertenecientes a los siguientes cinco dominios: a) Autoconocimiento emocional, b) Control Emocional, c) Automotivación, d) Empatía y e) Habilidad paro las relaciones Interpersonales. La prueba se aplicó a una muestra de estudiantes del primer semestre de las diversas especialidades de la U.N.M.S.M. Los cuales corresponden a una muestra aleatoria de 489 alumnos, pertenecientes de manera representativa a las 19 Facultades de las 5 áreas de especialización. El análisis Psicométrico de los ítems permitió eliminar aquellos que no eran significativos, la prueba presentó Confiabilidad por consistencia interna, a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach tanto en general como en los dominios evaluados. También se observó que el instrumento presentó Validez de Contenido y Validez de Constructo.

Downregulation of IRF8 in alveolar macrophages by G-CSF promotes metastatic tumor progression

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are abundant immune cells within pre-metastatic sites, yet their functional contributions to metastasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that alveolar macrophages (AMs), the main TRMs of the lung, are susceptible to downregulation of the immune stimulatory transcription factor IRF8, impairing anti-metastatic activity in models of metastatic breast cancer. G-CSF is a key tumor-associated factor (TAF) that acts upon AMs to reduce IRF8 levels and facilitate metastasis. Translational relevance of IRF8 downregulation was observed among macrophage precursors in breast cancer and a CD68hiIRF8loG-CSFhi gene signature suggests poorer prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a G-CSF-expressing subtype. Our data highlight the underappreciated, pro-metastatic roles of AMs in response to G-CSF and identify the contribution of IRF8-deficient AMs to metastatic burden. AMs are an attractive target of local neoadjuvant G-CSF blockade to recover anti-metastatic activity

Downregulation of IRF8 in alveolar macrophages by G-CSF promotes metastatic tumor progression

Summary: Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are abundant immune cells within pre-metastatic sites, yet their functional contributions to metastasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that alveolar macrophages (AMs), the main TRMs of the lung, are susceptible to downregulation of the immune stimulatory transcription factor IRF8, impairing anti-metastatic activity in models of metastatic breast cancer. G-CSF is a key tumor-associated factor (TAF) that acts upon AMs to reduce IRF8 levels and facilitate metastasis. Translational relevance of IRF8 downregulation was observed among macrophage precursors in breast cancer and a CD68hiIRF8loG-CSFhi gene signature suggests poorer prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a G-CSF-expressing subtype. Our data highlight the underappreciated, pro-metastatic roles of AMs in response to G-CSF and identify the contribution of IRF8-deficient AMs to metastatic burden. AMs are an attractive target of local neoadjuvant G-CSF blockade to recover anti-metastatic activity