Les systemes d'information comme institutions

In this paper, we explore the idea that an IS could act as an institution in itself, if its legitimacy is well established, even the knowledge of the system is weak. This is in line with some theory of appropriation, and against the cognitive approach of the reason action theory. But we explore also one condition to gain legitimacy, which is that the system and proposed usage fit to the imaginary of the adopting population. Imaginary plays also a role along the appropriation process acting as a kind of pre-knowledge

Contrôle et production de connaissance - Le cas des entreprises mondialisées

Compte tenu de l'ampleur des investissements réalisés par les entreprises pour se développer à l'international, les modes de contrôle de ces opérations sont critiques. Toutefois, quels mécanismes utiliser pour ne pas annihiler tout effort d'adaptation aux marchés locaux ? Cette question n'est pas sans rappeler le dilemme intégration / différenciation mis en évidence par Lawrence et Lorsch. La grille de lecture des interactions contrôle / apprentissage organisationnel a été mobilisée pour répondre à cette question. Notre revue de la littérature nous conduira à proposer une grille d'analyse fondée sur deux critères : la phase du processus d'apprentissage (production et mobilisation de connaissances) et sa localisation (locale ou globale). Ainsi, quatre configurations sont distinguées : les systèmes de contrôle peuvent induire des apprentissages locaux ou globaux qui seront mobilisés localement ou globalement. Une proposition est formulée, c'est la combinaison de ces quatre types de mécanismes qui permet à l'entreprise mondialisée de dépasser le dilemme intégration / différenciation. La pertinence de cette grille sera testée au moyen d'études de cas de filiales d'entreprises mondialisées implantées en Indonésie.contrôle; apprentissage organisationnel; multinationales; local / global

LES INTERACTIONS STRATEGIE / CONTROLE : LE CAS D'UNE BANQUE DE DETAIL

Les rapides évolutions de l'environnement rendent de plus en plus délicates la formulation et la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie. Dans la banque de détail, les nouvelles technologies de l'information représentent une véritable révolution. Une étude de cas permet de confronter des concepts développés par les chercheurs en contrôle aux pratiques organisationnelles. Alors que traditionnellement le rôle du contrôle est limité à la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie, nous nous attarderons principalement sur sa place dans la formulation de la stratégie.stratégie; contrôle organisationnel; contrôle de gestion; banque de détail

CRM, apprentissage et controle organisationnel

Dans cet article sont explorés de manière théorique les déterminants de la performance des systèmes de gestion de la relation client (GRC) implantés progressivement dans l'ensemble des grandes entreprises. L'approche adoptée dans cette étude focalise l'attention sur deux hypothèses centrales : l'effet des systèmes de GRC se développerait d'une part au travers d'une stimulation de l'apprentissage organisationnel, et d'autre part au travers d'un meilleur contrôle organisationnel.In this article are explored in a theoretical way the determinants of performance of Customer Relationship Management information systems that are established gradually in most of large companies. The approach adopted in this study focuses attention upon two central assumptions: the effect of the systems of CRM is mediated first by an increasing capability of organizational learning, and secondly through better organisational control devices

Tropospheric and stratospheric smoke over Europe as observed within EARLINET/ACTRIS in summer 2017

For several weeks in summer 2017, strong smoke layers were observed over Europe at numerous EARLINET stations. EARLINET is the European research lidar network and part of ACTRIS and comprises more than 30 ground-based lidars. The smoke layers were observed in the troposphere as well as in the stratosphere up to 25 km from Northern Scandinavia over whole western and central Europe to the Mediterranean regions. Backward trajectory analysis among other tools revealed that these smoke layers originated from strong wild fires in western Canada in combination with pyrocumulus convection. An extraordinary fire event in the mid of August caused intense smoke layers that were observed across Europe for several weeks starting on 18 August 2017. Maximum aerosol optical depths up to 1.0 at 532 nm were observed at Leipzig, Germany, on 22 August 2017 during the peak of this event. The stratospheric smoke layers reached extinction coefficient values of more than 600 Mm−1 at 532 nm, a factor of 10 higher than observed for volcanic ash after the Pinatubo eruption in the 1990s. First analyses of the intensive optical properties revealed low particle depolarization values at 532 nm for the tropospheric smoke (spherical particles) and rather high values (up to 20%) in the stratosphere. However, a strong wavelength dependence of the depolarization ratio was measured for the stratospheric smoke. This indicates irregularly shaped stratospheric smoke particles in the size range of the accumulation mode. This unique depolarization feature makes it possible to distinguish clearly smoke aerosol from cirrus clouds or other aerosol types by polarization lidar measurements. Particle extinction-to-backscatter ratios were rather low in the order of 40 to 50 sr at 355 nm, while values between 70-90 sr were measured at higher wavelengths. In the western and central Mediterranean, stratospheric smoke layers were most prominent in the end of August at heights between 16 and 20 km. In contrast, stratospheric smoke started to occur in the eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus and Israel) in the beginning of September between 18 and 23 km. Stratospheric smoke was still visible in the beginning of October at certain locations (e.g. Evora, Portugal), while tropospheric smoke was mainly observed until the end of August within Europe. An overview of the smoke layers measured at several EARLINET sites will be given. The temporal development of these layers as well as their geometrical and optical properties will be presented

Élasticités-prix et structure concurrentielle

International audienceLa connaissance des élasticités-prix permet dans une certaine mesure de mieux comprendre la structure concurrentielle. Cet article rappelle des notions classiques telle que la notion d’élasticité croisée ou d’élasticités de réaction. Il en illustre l’utilisation par un cas, celui du marché du café

Les systemes d'information comme institutions

In this paper, we explore the idea that an IS could act as an institution in itself, if its legitimacy is well established, even the knowledge of the system is weak. This is in line with some theory of appropriation, and against the cognitive approach of the reason action theory. But we explore also one condition to gain legitimacy, which is that the system and proposed usage fit to the imaginary of the adopting population. Imaginary plays also a role along the appropriation process acting as a kind of pre-knowledge

Les sources de l'innovation en marketing

International audienc