Infâncias diversas: Construção coletiva de modos de acompanhamento e comunicação em tempos de COVID–19

Se sistematizan y socializan las estrategias de vinculación desplegadas durante la pandemia por COVID–19 entre el Colectivo de Infancias Diversas, niños, niñas, y sus redes de cuidado, en el marco del Proyecto de Extensión e Interés social: "Infancias Diversas: creación colectiva de cuentos accesibles para el juego y la comunicación" (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina). El diseño de estrategias, recursos y piezas comunicacionales compartidos a través de la virtualidad permitieron sostener lazos de proximidad con las infancias y sus referentes socioafectivos y habilitar diálogos e intercambios para co–construir modos de cuidado. El artículo se enfoca en la comunicación antes y durante la pandemia y reflexiona sobre ello con la participación ciudadana como eje y desde una perspectiva de cuidados colectivos.Social connection strategies during the COVID–19 pandemic among the group “Infancias Diversas” (Diverse children), kids and their care networks are systematized and socialized in the framework of a social extension project entitled “Diverse children: creating accesible books for play and communication”, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina. The design of strategies and communicational pieces allowed to mantain close relationships between children and their socio–affective environment enabling dialogue processes to co–design modes of care. The article focuses on communication before and during the pandemic, considering social participation and collective care.As estratégias de articulação implantadas durante a pandemia de Covid–19 entre o Coletivo de Infâncias Diversas; meninos, meninas e suas redes de cuidado, são sistematizadas e socializadas no marco do Projeto de Extensão e Interesse Social: Infâncias diversas: criação coletiva de histórias acessíveis para brincar e comunicar (Universidade Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fé, Argentina). A concepção de estratégias e recursos de comunicação compartilhados por meio da virtualidade possibilitou manter laços estreitos com as crianças e seus referentes socioafetivos, possibilitando diálogos para a construção conjunta de modos de cuidado. O artigo enfoca e reflete sobre a comunicação antes e durante a pandemia, com o alvo na participação cidadã e na perspectiva do cuidado coletivo.Fil: Dangelo Farto, Marcela Silvina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Benassi, Julia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Allevi, Magdalena. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Brasca, Romina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in blood samples of horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) by PCR

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Leishmania infantum parasite. The protozoan is able to infect several domestic and wild mammals. Since the first report on Leishmania spp. infection in horses in South America, leishmaniasis in equids has been highlighted in Brazil. A molecular epidemiological survey was carried out to verify the occurrence of Leishmania spp. DNA in horses and donkeys, in leishmaniases endemic areas in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To this end, blood samples were obtained from 107 horses and 36 donkeys and subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR targeting the ITS-1 region. Among the horses and donkeys, 1.87% (2/107) and 8.33% (3/36) were positive by PCR, respectively. The DNA sequencing of the ITS-1 amplification products confirmed L. infantum DNA in these animals. Our results suggest that horses and donkeys from non-VL and VL endemic areas of São Paulo State may be infected by the parasite

Una evaluación de la comprensión de estructuras sintácticas con alto costo de procesamiento en niños en edad escolar

An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.Se proporciona una evaluación de la habilidad para comprender oraciones de alto costo en niños hablantes del español, con el objetivo de identificar niños con riesgo de Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje/Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje. La investigación fue guiada por hipótesis lingüísticas/psicolingüísticas relacionadas con el costo de procesamiento oracional. Se empleó una batería de test que incluyó oraciones pasivas, cláusulas relativas e interrogativas con Quién y con Qué. La predicción fue que pasivas reversibles, relativas e interrogativas de objeto implicarían mayor demanda. Se testearon 390 niños (6 a 12 años) de dos escuelas primarias. Las escuelas se diferenciaron en función de factores socio-económicos. Los resultados fueron compatibles con las predicciones. Los factores socio-económicos demostraron influir sobre el desempeño general de los niños. Niños que puntuaron dos desvíos estándar por debajo de la media de respuestas correctas de su grupo etario (8.7%) fueron considerados en riesgo de déficit sintáctico

An assessment of the comprehension of highly costly syntactic structures by school age children

Se proporciona una evaluación de la habilidad para comprender oraciones de alto costo en niños hablantes del español, con el objetivo de identificar niños con riesgo de Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje/Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje. La investigación fue guiada por hipótesis lingüísticas/psicolingüísticas relacionadas con el costo de procesamiento oracional. Se empleó una batería de test que incluyó oraciones pasivas, cláusulas relativas e interrogativas con Quién y con Qué. La predicción fue que pasivas reversibles, relativas e interrogativas de objeto implicarían mayor demanda. Se testearon 390 niños (6 a 12 años) de dos escuelas primarias. Las escuelas se diferenciaron en función de factores socio-económicos. Los resultados fueron compatibles con las predicciones. Los factores socio-económicos demostraron influir sobre el desempeño general de los niños. Niños que puntuaron dos desvíos estándar por debajo de la media de respuestas correctas de su grupo etario (8.7%) fueron considerados en riesgo de déficit sintáctico.An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.Fil: Dotti, Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Leticia Maria Sicuro. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Rivera, Gabriela. Hospital de Niños Orlando Alassia; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Benassi, Julia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Formichelli, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Santa Fe; Argentin

Detection of Leishmania spp. by real-time PCR in conjunctival swab samples from dogs, cats and equines

O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar Leishmania spp. pela PCR em tempo real (qPCR) em amostras de DNA extraído de sangue e suabe conjuntival de cães, gatos e equinos. E também, verificar a positividade dessas amostras pela PCR convencional (cPCR), utilizando oligonucleotídeos específicos para L. infantum (inf.cPCR). Para isso, amostras de sangue e suabe conjuntival de 204 cães, 108 gatos e 54 equinos saudáveis foram testadas pela qPCR para Leishmania spp. e os resultados comparados pelo índice kappa a resultados de cPCR para Leishmania spp. (ssp.cPCR) previamente obtidos. A qPCR de sangue não detectou nenhum animal positivo. Já os resultados da qPCR de suabe conjuntival (qPCR-SC), revelaram 0,98% (2/204) de cães positivos. Ao comparar os resultados obtidos pela qPCR-SC com os resultados obtidos pela cPCR de suabe conjuntival (ssp.cPCR-SC), observou-se uma concordância baixa entre os métodos, k=0,32. Em relação aos gatos, 1,85% (2/108) desses animais foram detectados positivos para Leishmania spp. pela qPCR-SC, esse resultado corroborou com o resultado obtidos pela ssp.cPCR-SC o que resultou em uma excelente concordância entre os métodos comparados, k=1. Em relação aos equinos, 12,96% (7/54) dos animais foram detectados positivos para o parasito pela qPCR-SC. Esses resultados não possuem concordância com os resultados obtidos pela ssp.cPCR-SC, uma vez que por esse método, 66,66% (36/54) foram detectados infectados pela Leishmania spp. Ao realizar a inf.cPCR, 11,11% (6/54) dos equinos foram positivos. Submetidas ao sequenciamento, dois fragmentos apresentaram 99% de similaridade com sequencias de L. infantum disponíveis no GenBank. Enquanto a qPCR-SG não foi capaz de detectar Leishmania spp. em cães, gatos e equinos, a qPCR-SC foi capaz de detectar o parasito nas três espécies avaliadas. A associação entre a qPCR e o uso de um método prático, fácil e não invasivo, como o suabe conjuntival, representa um grande avanço no diagnóstico da doença em cães, gatos e equinos uma vez que, a qPCR-SC, foi capaz de detectar um maior número de animais infectados pela Leishmania spp. em relação a qPCR-SG. Além disso, a detecção de Leishmania spp. nas diferentes espécies avaliadas reforça a possível atuação desses animais como reservatórios de agentes da leishmaniose cutânea e a confirmação de L. infantum em equinos, associado à inexistência de sinais clínicos nestes animais revela a possibilidade de equinos serem reservatórios desse parasito.The aim of this study was to detect Leishmania spp. by real-time PCR (qPCR) on DNA extracted from blood samples and conjunctival swab dogs, cats and equines. Also, check the positivity of these samples by conventional PCR (cPCR) using specific oligonucleotídeos for L. infantum (inf.cPCR). For this, blood samples and conjunctival swab of 204 dogs, 108 cats and 54 horses healthy were tested by qPCR for Leishmania spp. and the results compared by kappa index to cPCR results for Leishmania spp (ssp.cPCR). previously obtained. The blood qPCR detected no positive animal. Already the qPCR results of conjunctival swab (CS-qPCR), revealed 0.98% (2/204) of positive dogs. Comparing the results obtained by CS-qPCR with the results obtained by conjunctival swab cPCR (ssp.CS-cPCR), there was a low correlation between the methods, k = 0.32. In relation to cats, 1.85% (2/108) of these animals were detected positive for Leishmania spp. by CS-qPCR, this results corroborated with the results obtained by ssp.CS-cPCR which resulted in excellent agreement between the methods compared, k = 1. Already in horses, 12.96% (7/54) of the animals were found positive for parasites by CS-qPCR. These results not have agreement with the results obtained by ssp.CS-cPCR, since by this method, 66.66% (36/54) were found to be infected by Leishmania spp. When performing inf.cPCR, 11.11% (6/54) of the horses were positive. Submitted to sequencing, two fragments showed 99% similarity to L. infantum sequences available in the GenBank. While blood qPCR was not able to detect Leishmania spp. in dogs, cats and horses, CS-qPCR was able to detect the parasite in the three species evaluated. The association between the use of qPCR and a practical, easy and non-invasive method, such as conjunctival swab, is a great advance in the diagnosis of disease in dogs, cats and horses since CS-qPCR was able to detect a greater number of animals infected with Leishmania spp. in respect of blood qPCR. Furthermore, the detection of Leishmania spp. the different species evaluated reinforces the possible role of these animals as reservoirs of cutaneous Leishmaniasis agents and confirmation of L. infantum in equines associated with the absence of clinical signs in these animals reveals the possibility of equines being reservoirs of this parasite

Las concepciones de signo en los estudios de detección y desarrollo temprano de los niños con trastornos del espectro autista : revisión teórica a la luz de una perspectiva semiótico pragmática

Se busca indagar sobre las concepciones de signo que recorren los estudios sobre el desarrollo temprano del niño con autismo (de 6 a 36 meses de edad), en relación con la detección de riesgo del trastorno. Escudriñar estas nociones, a la luz de una perspectiva semiótica del desarrollo temprano del niño con foco en la pragmática del objeto, permite una aproximación a la comprensión del desarrollo que subyace a los estudios realizados, el lugar que se ha otorgado a los signos y a los objetos en el desarrollo del niño y en ese sentido, la perspectiva desde la cual se han abordado los estudios de detección, respecto de uno de sus principales indicadores: las dificultades relativas a la comunicación. De esta manera se ha querido anticiparse, a partir de una profunda revisión teórica, a algunos principios a considerar en trabajos futuros, para la elaboración de una herramienta de estudio de los índices de riesgo de los trastornos del espectro autista

Una evaluación de la comprensión de estructuras sintácticas con alto costo de procesamiento en niños en edad escolar

An assessment of the comprehension of highly costly syntactic structures by school age children. An evaluation of Spanish-speaking schoolchildren’s ability to comprehend highly-costly sentences is provided, which aimed to identify children at risk of Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder. The investigation was guided by linguistic/psycholinguistic hypotheses concerning sentence processing cost. A battery of tests was used, which included passive sentences, relative clauses, WH/WH+N questions in different conditions. Reversible passives, and object relative and WH Questions were predicted to be more demanding. 390 children (6-12 years of age) from 2 elementary schools were tested. The schools were distinguished as a function of social/economical factors. The results are compatible with the predictions. Social-economical factors are shown to influence children’s overall performance. Children whose scores were 2SD below the mean of correct responses of the age group (8.7%) were considered to be at risk of syntactic impairment.Se proporciona una evaluación de la habilidad para comprender oraciones de alto costo en niños hablantes del español, con el objetivo de identificar niños con riesgo de Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje/Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje. La investigación fue guiada por hipótesis lingüísticas/psicolingüísticas relacionadas con el costo de procesamiento oracional. Se empleó una batería de test que incluyó oraciones pasivas, cláusulas relativas e interrogativas con Quién y con Qué. La predicción fue que pasivas reversibles, relativas e interrogativas de objeto implicarían mayor demanda. Se testearon 390 niños (6 a 12 años) de dos escuelas primarias. Las escuelas se diferenciaron en función de factores socio-económicos. Los resultados fueron compatibles con las predicciones. Los factores socio-económicos demostraron influir sobre el desempeño general de los niños. Niños que puntuaron dos desvíos estándar por debajo de la media de respuestas correctas de su grupo etario (8.7%) fueron considerados en riesgo de déficit sintáctico

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania spp. serology and Leishmania spp. PCR in dogs from Pirassununga, SP

Abstract We examined the presence of antibodies against the parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp., as well the presence of DNA from Leishmania spp., in dogs from Pirassununga - SP. The seropositivity rate was compared with the animals’ originating location. Three hundred seventy-three blood samples from the county’s kennel and local veterinary clinics were collected and analyzed. A total of 300 samples were tested for T. gondii and N. caninum using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT); 45% (135/300) were positive for T. gondii and 24.3% (73/300) were positive for N. caninum. Three hundred seventy-three samples were tested for Leishmania spp. using the IFAT. Of these, 4.6% (17/373) were positive. Additionally, 145 samples were tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR); of these samples, 0.7% (1/145) was positive. Considering the results, we conclude that these parasites are present in the city of Pirassununga - SP and that the animals have contact with the protozoan. It is therefore necessary to create methods for disease prevention to maintain both animal and human health in regard to leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis

Detecção de metapneumovirus aviário subtipo A em aves silvestres no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The present study investigated the circulation of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in wild birds in Brazil. To do so, 131 samples from 366 oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs collected from 18 species of birds were tested individually or in pools by RT-PCR. Samples detected by RT-PCR were selected for DNA sequencing. Thirteen (9.9%) samples were detected by the RT-PCR targeting the N gene and four out of 13 samples were sequenced. Sequencing results showed a high identity with the aMPV subtype A. Our results confirm the circulation of the aMPV subtype A in wild birds in Brazil even five years after its last detection393209213CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP443250/2014-6sem informação2015/11510-5O presente estudo investigou a circulação de metapneumovírus aviário em aves silvestres no Brasil. Para tanto, 131 amostras de 366 suabes orofaringeanos ou cloacais coletados de 18 espécies de aves foram testadas individualmente ou na forma de pools por RT-PCR. As amostras detectadas por RT-PCR foram selecionadas para sequenciamento. Treze (9,9%) das amostras foram detectadas por RT-PCR tendo o gene N como alvo; destas, quatro foram sequenciadas com sucesso. Resultados do sequenciamento mostraram alta identidade com o aMPV de subtipo A. Nossos resultados confirmam a circulação de aMPV subtipo A em aves silvestres no Brasil mesmo cinco anos após sua última detecçã