Desempleados y mayores de 45: ¿y ahora qué? Discursos, experiencias y estrategias ante el paro de larga duración

Treballs Finals del Grau de Sociologia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2016-2017 , Tutor: Alberto Martin Pérez(spa) El propósito de este proyecto es exponer el impacto psicológico y social de la situación de paro en persones mayores de 45. Para ello, se ha apostado por un enfoque mixto: un estado de la cuestión basado en análisis cuantitativos extraídos del INE y el SEPE, y un análisis cualitativo del discurso recogido en diez entrevistas realizadas en base a dos dimensiones principales: la vida profesional y la identidad personal. A través de un análisis exhaustivo, los resultados muestran discursos distintos (en tanto que más positivos o menos) según variables como el nivel de formación, la trayectoria vivencial personal y el tiempo en desempleo. Aquellas personas que presentan una visión del desempleo como oportunidad de cambio, tienen mayor probabilidad de reinserción. El estudio concluye con un conjunto de reflexiones críticas de mejoras y nuevas líneas de investigación futuras.(eng) The aim of this project is to expose the psychological and social impact of the unemployment situation on people over 45. To this end, it has opted for a mixed approach: a state of the issue based on quantitative analyses drawn from INE and SEPE, and a qualitative analysis of the discourse gathered in ten interviews based on two main dimensions: professional life and personal identity. Through a comprehensive analysis, the results show different discourses (more positive or less) according to variables such as the level of training, the personal experience and the time in unemployment. Those who present a vision of unemployment as an opportunity for change are more likely to be reinserted. The study concludes with a set of critical reflections on improvements and new lines of future research

Aplicación de la ciencia de datos y de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) en la demolingüística

Cada vegada més les diverses àrees de coneixement recorren a eines desenvolupades en altres disciplines. Aquesta interdisciplinarietat és un motor d’innovació i generació de nou coneixement, permetent afrontar problemes des d’altres perspectives i facilitar-ne la solució. Presentem dos camps que poden ser d’utilitat a la demolingüística. Els Sistemes d’Informació Geografica (SIG), que s’apliquen des de fa dècades en altres disciplines, permeten tractar i analitzar dades amb un component geogràfic. La Ciència de Dades, una disciplina molt recent, ens proporciona eines per treballar amb un gran volum de dades, dotant-nos d’unes habilitats notablement superiors a les que ens proporcionen les eines tradicionals. Mots claus: dades, sistemes d’informació geogràfica, demolingüísticaAreas of academic research are increasingly turning to tools developed by other disciplines. This interdisciplinarity is a driving force of innovation and knowledge generation, allowing researchers to confront problems from other perspectives and facilitate reaching solutions. Here, we present two fields that can be useful for demolinguistics. Firstly, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which have been applied for decades in other disciplines, allow the processing and analysis of data with a geographic component. Secondly, data science, a very recent discipline, gives us the tools to work with a large volume of data, providing us with capabilities that are significantly superior to those provided by traditional tools.Cada vez más las diferentes áreas de conocimiento recurren a herramientas desarrolladas por otras disciplinas. Esta interdisciplinariedad es un motor de innovación i de generación de nuevo conocimiento que permite afrontar problemas des de otras perspectivas y facilitar así su solución. Presentamos dos campos que pueden ser de utilidad para la demolingüística. Los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), que se aplican desde hace décadas en otras disciplinas, permiten tratar i analizar datos con componente geográfico. La Ciencia de Datos, una disciplina muy reciente, nos proporciona herramientas para trabajar con un gran volumen de datos, dotándonos de unas habilidades notablemente superiores a las que nos proporcionan las herramientas tradicionales

Softcatalà, una organització sense ànim de lucre que fomenta l'ús del català a les noves tecnologies

About SoftCatalà, its objectives and how it works

Softcatalà, una organització sense ànim de lucre que fomenta l'ús del català a les noves tecnologies

About SoftCatalà, its objectives and how it works

Atomic-scale study of pesticide interaction with soil mineral matter

Les pesticides sont des molécules utilisées en grandes quantités en France et dans le monde entier pour la protection des cultures. Lorsque ces substances sont répandues une grande quantit é rejoint les sols. Dans cette thèse, le devenir de pesticides dans le sol est étudié. Pour cela, trois pesticides ont été sélectionnés : l'atrazine, la métamitrone et le fenhexamide ; et une argile de type montmorillonite a été choisie. Les simulations menées lors de cette thèse emploient le formalisme de la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité (DFT). La première partie de cette thèse porte sur l'étude statique de l'interaction de l'atrazine avec la pyrophyllite et la montmorillonite. Dans les chapitres suivants, la Dynamique Moléculaire Car-Parrinello en DFT est utilisée. L'étude débute par les pesticides seuls, métamitrone et fenhexamide, puis leurs complexes avec un ou deux cations Na+ et Ca2+. Ensuite, l'adsorption de ces entités, en présence ou non d'eau, sur une surface de montmorillonite, est envisagée à l'aide de calculs périodiques. Dans le second chapitre de ce travail, des résultats issus d'optimisations de géométries en phase gazeuse sont présentés. La troisième partie développe les résultats obtenus pour l'adsorption de la métamitrone et du fenhexamide sur le modèle d'argile choisi. Dans le dernier chapitre, certaines des structures les plus stables de chaque pesticide adsorbé sur la surface ont été solvatées et une étude de la désorption du fenhexamide de la surface de montmorillonite a été réalisée à l'aide de la méthode Umbrella Sampling. Ce travail a permis de quantifier théoriquement la barrière d'énergie libre à franchir pour désorber le fenhexamide de la montmorillonite hydratée.Pesticides are widely employed molecules for crop protection in France and all over the world. When these substances are spread an important quantity reaches soils. In the present thesis, pesticide fate is under study. For this purpose, three pesticides have been selected: atrazine, metamitron and fenhexamid ; and the most abundant smectite clay type, montmorillonite, has been chosen. The computational simulations conducted in this thesis use the Density Functional Theory (DFT) formalism. The first part of this thesis treats a static study of atrazine interaction with pyrophyllite and montmorillonite. In the following chapters, Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics through DFT is used. This study begins with isolated pesticides, metamitron and fenhexamid, then their complexes with one or two Na+ and Ca2+. Finally, the adsorption of these entities, in the presence of water or not, onto a montmorillonite surface, is considered using periodic calculations. Within the second chapter of the present work, results from geometry optimisations in gas phase are presented. The third part develops the obtained results on the adsorption of metamitron and fenhexamid over the chosen clay model. In the last chapter of this thesis, some of the most stable structures of each adsorbed pesticide onto the surface have been solvated and a study of fenhexamid desorption from the montmorillonite surface using Umbrella Sampling has been done. This work allowed to quantify theoretically the free energy barrier to overcome to desorb fenhexamid from the hydrated montmorillonite

Landowners

Crear un videojoc que sigui alhora simple i atractiu en un límit de temps curt pot semblar una tasca impossible, sobretot tenint en compte les tendències actuals. No obstant, l'aparició de motors de jocs genèrics de gran potència ha permès reduir els temps i també centrar-se més en allò que es vol crear i no tant en com es crearà. Si, a més, eliminem la interdependència entre els components al màxim, no intentem reinventar la roda i abstraiem una sèrie de conceptes podem obtenir el producte buscat sense gaires escarafalls. Si mirem una mica més enllà i ens fixem en els recursos més limitats d'altres móns (com el dels jocs de taula) trobarem formes simples de representar idees complexes sense atabalar al jugador. Aquest projecte intenta recrear un joc de construcció de ciutat clàssic com els de la sèrie City Building d'Impressions o SimCity. Però fent-ho en la seva forma més simple, un retorn a les arrels del gènere. Per emfatitzar aquesta simplicitat, construirem una interfície directa però intuitiva. L'ingredient final serà afegir un petit gir a la mescla amb un component sandbox: farà les sessions prou flexibles com per a evitar mecàniques complexes i micro-gestió. Per a tot això farem servir Unity, un popular i ben conegut motor de jocs genèric.Creating a videogame both simple and appealing within a short time limit may seem an impossible task, especially if one takes into account current trends. However, the emergence of powerful generic game engines has allowed time reduction and also focusing in what one wants to create and not so much in how it will be created. If, in addition, we dispose component interdependence as much as possible and abstract some of the components we can obtain the product wanted without trouble. Furthermore, we can rely on worlds on resources are more limited (like on boardgames) and will found simpler ways for complex ideas to be represented without overwhelming the player. This project aims to recreate a classic city-building videogame like the ones in Impressions City Building series or SimCity. But doing it in its simplest form, a return to the roots of the genre. To emphasize this simplicity, we¿ll build a very straightforward but intuitive user interface. The final ingredient will be adding a little twist to the mix with a sandbox component: making its sessions flexible enough to avoid complex mechanics and micro-management. For all this we will use Unity, a popular well known generic game engine.Crear un videojuego que sea a la vez simple y atractivo en un límite de tiempo corto puede parecer una tarea imposible, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta las tendencias actuales. No obstante, la aparición de motores de juegos genéricos de gran potencia ha permitido reducir los tiempos y también centrarse más en aquello que se quiere crear y no tanto en como se creará. Si, además, eliminamos la interdependencia entre los componentes al máximo, no intentamos reinventar la rueda y abstraemos una serie de conceptos podemos obtener el producto buscado sin muchos aspavientos. Si miramos algo más allá y nos fijamos en los recursos más limitados otros móns (como lo de los juegos de mesa) encontraremos formas simples de representar ideas complejas sin agobiar al jugador. Este proyecto intenta recrear un juego de construcción de ciudad clásico como los de la serie City Building de Impresiones o SimCity. Pero haciéndolo en su forma más simple, un retorno a las raíces del género. Para enfatizar esta simplicidad, construiremos una interfaz directa pero intuitiva. El ingrediente final será añadir un pequeño giro a la mezcla con un componente sandbox: hará las sesiones basta flexibles como para evitar mecánicas complejas y micro-gestión. Para todo esto usaremos Unity, un popular y bien conocido motor de juegos genérico

Counterfactual reasoning deficits in schizophrenia patients

Background Counterfactual thinking is a specific type of conditional reasoning that enables the generation of mental simulations of alternatives to past factual events. Although it has been broadly studied in the general population, research on schizophrenia is still scarce. The aim of the current study was to further examine counterfactual reasoning in this illness. Methods Forty schizophrenia patients and 40 controls completed a series of tests that assessed the influence of the "causal order effect" on counterfactual thinking, and the ability to generate counterfactual thoughts and counterfactually derive inferences from a hypothetical situation. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as neurocognitive variables, were also examined. Results Compared to controls, the schizophrenia patients generated fewer counterfactual thoughts when faced with a simulated scenario. The pattern of response when assessing the causality effect of the order was also different between the groups, with the patients being more frequently unable to attribute any ordering of events than the control subjects. Additionally, the schizophrenia patients showed more difficulties when deriving normative counterfactual inferences from hypothetical social situations. None of the counterfactual reasoning measures was associated to any of the cognitive functions or clinical and socio-demographic variables assessed. Conclusions A global impairment in counterfactual thinking characterizes schizophrenia patients. Because of the potential impact of such deficits on psychosocial functioning, targeting counterfactual reasoning for improvement might be considered in future treatment approaches

Symptomatic remission and counterfactual reasoning in schizophrenia

Counterfactual thinking (CFT) is a type of conditional reasoning involving mental representations of alternatives to past factual events that previous preliminary research has suggested to be impaired in schizophrenia. However, despite the potential impact of these deficits on the functional outcome of these patients, studies examining the role of CFT in this disorder are still few in number. The present study aimed to extent previous results by evaluating CFT in the largest sample to date of schizophrenia patients in symptomatic remission and healthy controls. The relationship with symptomatology, illness duration, and sociodemographic characteristics was also explored. Methods: Seventy-eight schizophrenia patients and 84 healthy controls completed a series of tests that examined the generation of counterfactual thoughts, the influence of the 'causal order effect,' and the ability to counterfactually derive inferences by using de Counterfactual Inference Test. Results: Compared with controls, patients generated fewer counterfactual thoughts when faced with a simulated scenario. This deficit was negatively related to scores on all dimensions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-PANNS, as well as to longer illness duration. The results also showed that schizophrenia patients deviated significantly from the normative pattern when generating inferences from CFT. Conclusions: These findings reveal CFT impairment to be present in schizophrenia even when patients are in symptomatic remission. However, symptomatology and illness duration may have a negative influence on these patients' ability to generate counterfactual thoughts. The results might support the relevance of targeting CFT in future treatment approaches, although further research is needed to better describe the relationship between CFT and both symptomatology and functional outcome