The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The process of Greek colonization of the central and western Mediterranean during the Archaic and Classical Eras has been understudied from the perspective of population genetics. To investigate the Y chromosomal demography of Greek colonization in the western Mediterranean, Y-chromosome data consisting of 29 YSNPs and 37 YSTRs were compared from 51 subjects from Provence, 58 subjects from Smyrna and 31 subjects whose paternal ancestry derives from Asia Minor Phokaia, the ancestral embarkation port to the 6^thcentury BCE Greek colonies of Massalia (Marseilles) and Alalie (Aleria, Corsica).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>19% of the Phokaian and 12% of the Smyrnian representatives were derived for haplogroup E-V13, characteristic of the Greek and Balkan mainland, while 4% of the Provencal, 4.6% of East Corsican and 1.6% of West Corsican samples were derived for E-V13. An admixture analysis estimated that 17% of the Y-chromosomes of Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization. Using the following putative Neolithic Anatolian lineages: J2a-DYS445 = 6, G2a-M406 and J2a1b1-M92, the data predict a 0% Neolithic contribution to Provence from Anatolia. Estimates of colonial Greek vs. indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10% Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Given the origin of viniculture in Provence is ascribed to Massalia, these results suggest that E-V13 may trace the demographic and socio-cultural impact of Greek colonization in Mediterranean Europe, a contribution that appears to be considerably larger than that of a Neolithic pioneer colonization.</p

A roupa nova do presidente: a politização da imagem pública de Jânio Quadros (1947-1961)

Jânio Quadros public image is often considered deprived of any political meaning either by historians or by collective memory. In most cases he is treated as a demagogue who promoted himself only through his personalism, which could be seen in his public appearances unkempt and with open-necked shirts. Such perspective is deeply related to the way his opponents and enemies represented him in the political debates, and its core has been successful in penetrating the historiography. However in this text I intend to suggest that Jânio's images conveyed an array of political senses during the 1950s and early 1960s, since the beginning of his career till when he disputed presidential elections and ruled Brazil as president. Through his gestures and clothes, among which his Indian slacks deserve more attention, he tried to express his project related to the Christian Democracy and the Independent Foreign Policy. To deal with such hypothesis, the main sources will be the magazines O Cruzeiro and Manchete and others photos and drawings that were considerably widespread at that time.A imagem pública de Jânio Quadros é frequentemente considerada como desprovida de quaisquer significados políticos, seja por historiadores ou pela memória coletiva. Na maioria dos casos, ele é tratado como um demagogo que se promovia apenas através de seu personalismo, exibindo-se em suas aparições públicas despenteado e com camisas abertas no colarinho. Tal perspectiva está profundamente relacionada com a forma pela qual seus oponentes e inimigos o representavam nos debates políticos, e em seu cerne foi bem-sucedida, tendo penetrado na historiografia. Neste texto, porém, pretendo sugerir que, perpassando a década de 1950 e o início da de 1960, desde o início de sua carreira até o momento em que disputou eleições presidenciais e foi o presidente do Brasil, as imagens de Jânio veiculavam um amplo leque de sentidos políticos. Por meio de gestos e roupas, destacando-se aí seus slacks indianos, ele procurou expressar seus projetos relacionados à Democracia Cristã e à Política Externa Independente. Para lidar com essa hipótese, as principais fontes fotográficas e textuais elencadas são as revistas O Cruzeiro e Manchete da época, e outras fotos e ilustrações que então foram bastante difundidas

Das Jahr des Archon Philippos

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