Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas spp. isolated from industrial waste in Turkey

In this study, 26 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from a stream polluted by factory waste and from petroleum-contaminated soil. The surface tension (ST) of the cultures was used as a criterion for the primary isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Biosurfactant production was quantified by ST reduction, critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsification capacity (EC), and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Two of the isolates, P. aeruginosa 78 and 99, produced rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The strains started rhamnolipid production in the logarithmic phase. They decreased the ST of the culture from 73 dyne/cm2 to 29 and 33 dyne/cm2, and the CMC of produced rhamnolipids were 115 and 130 mg/L, respectively. P. aeruginosa 78 and 99 strains emulsified benzene and n-hexane at the highest rates, and the surfaces of these strains were 73% and 65% and 62% and 72% more hydrophobic for benzene and toluene, respectively.In this study, 26 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from a stream polluted by factory waste and from petroleum-contaminated soil. The surface tension (ST) of the cultures was used as a criterion for the primary isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Biosurfactant production was quantified by ST reduction, critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsification capacity (EC), and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Two of the isolates, P. aeruginosa 78 and 99, produced rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The strains started rhamnolipid production in the logarithmic phase. They decreased the ST of the culture from 73 dyne/cm2 to 29 and 33 dyne/cm2, and the CMC of produced rhamnolipids were 115 and 130 mg/L, respectively. P. aeruginosa 78 and 99 strains emulsified benzene and n-hexane at the highest rates, and the surfaces of these strains were 73% and 65% and 62% and 72% more hydrophobic for benzene and toluene, respectively

An in vitro assessment of the attachment two oral pathogens to denture base materials

In vitro attachment were determined on a acrylic resin (Meliodent, Heraeus Kulzer GmbH and Co., Germany) and a Co-Cr alloy (CoCr-Modellguß-legierung, Degussa Dental, Germany) denture-base materials using the type strain of two types C. albicans (ATCC 26555 and Serotype B Netherland CBS 5983) and S. mutans (NCTC 8177). The results of assays showed that there was more attachment of two C. albicans to acrylic resin base material than to Co-Cr alloy base material, while there was more attachment of S. mutans to Co-Cr alloy than to acrylic resin. Attachment was prevented or reduced considerably in the presence of Thymus oil. In spite of this, Thymus oil exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect against both C. albicans, but it did not show inhibitory effect against S. mutans. Also, we have observed that the greater hydrophobicity of cells result in the greater attachment to some denture-base material surfaces. Howewer, we haven’t determined this relationship between hydrophobicity and attachment in all applications. Additionally, Thymus oil effected the attachment of microorganisms mentioned above.In vitro attachment were determined on a acrylic resin (Meliodent, Heraeus Kulzer GmbH and Co., Germany) and a Co-Cr alloy (CoCr-Modellguß-legierung, Degussa Dental, Germany) denture-base materials using the type strain of two types C. albicans (ATCC 26555 and Serotype B Netherland CBS 5983) and S. mutans (NCTC 8177). The results of assays showed that there was more attachment of two C. albicans to acrylic resin base material than to Co-Cr alloy base material, while there was more attachment of S. mutans to Co-Cr alloy than to acrylic resin. Attachment was prevented or reduced considerably in the presence of Thymus oil. In spite of this, Thymus oil exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect against both C. albicans, but it did not show inhibitory effect against S. mutans. Also, we have observed that the greater hydrophobicity of cells result in the greater attachment to some denture-base material surfaces. Howewer, we haven’t determined this relationship between hydrophobicity and attachment in all applications. Additionally, Thymus oil effected the attachment of microorganisms mentioned above

Kongenital pulmoner havayolu malformasyonunda tedavi: Olgu sunumu ve literatür derlemesi

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare developmental abnormality of the lung that has been associated with the presence of rhabdomyosarcoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, and most commonly bronchioalveolar carcinoma of the lung. Here, we report the case of a 10-year-old boy complaining of only chest pain. Some authors advocate simple observation because of the lack of data on the incidence of long-term complications. However, there are very few described cases where CPAM have remained asymptomatic throughout life; complications eventually develop in virtually all patients. Most authors advocate elective resection of all CPAM because of the risk of complications, such as infection, hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and malignant transformation. Since resection will be required sooner or later for CPAM, it is best not to wait for complications to occur. In our opinion surgery can be delayed until the child is approximately 9 months old to allow for possible resolution without taking the risk of malignancy.Akciğerlerin nadir rastlanan gelişimsel anomalisi olan Kongenital Pulmoner Havayolu Malformasyonu (KPHM) akciğerde sıklıkla bronkoalveolar karsinom olmak üzere rhabdomyosarkom ve plöropulmoner blastom gelişimi ile ilişkilidir. Bu makalede sadece göğüs ağrısı şikayeti olan 10 yaşındaki erkek hasta sunulmuştur. Bazı uzmanlar uzun dönem komplikasyonlarının sıklığı konusunda net bilgi olmaması nedeniyle sadece gözlem önermişlerdir. Az sayıda KPHM’li vaka, hayat boyu asemptomatik kalmasına karşın, hemen hemen tüm vakalarda komplikasyonlar görülür. Uzmanların çoğu infeksiyon, kanama, pnömotoraks ve kansere dönüşüm gibi komplikasyon risklerinden dolayı elektif rezeksiyon önermektedirler. Kongenital pulmoner havayolu malformasyonu için yakın ya da ilerleyen zamanlarda rezeksiyon gerekeceğinden, en iyisi komplikasyonların gelişimini beklemeden yapmaktır. Bizim düşüncemize göre kanser gelişimi riskini almadan ve bazı vakaların düzelecek olması sebebiyle operasyon yaklaşık 9 aya kadar ertelenebilir

A case of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with aquaporin 2 gene mutation

WOS: 000437951900048

Oxidative Stress Parameters, Selenium Levels, DNA Damage, and Phthalate Levels in Plastic Workers.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used phthalate. DEHP is highly used in PVC floorings and PVC windows and carpeting. The objective of this study was to determine sex hormone levels, oxidative stress parameters, selenium levels, DNA damage, and phthalate levels in plastics workers (n = 24, age = 20-58 years) working in the production of rubber mechanical goods and exposed to DEHP in workplace. The control group (n = 29, age = 25-54, all male) was selected from age-matched healthy adults. Antioxidant parameters and DNA damage were determined by spectrophotometry. Selenium levels were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plasma hormone levels were measured by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Plasma phthalate levels were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Plastic workers had lower serum testosterone and free T4 levels and higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels vs. controls. Liver enzyme activities were markedly higher in workers vs. controls. There were also increases in plasma glutathione peroxidase levels and marked decreases in plasma selenium and erythrocyte total glutathione levels in plastics workers (P < 0.05 vs. control). Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were 14-fold higher in plastics workers than in controls. Plasma DEHP and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were also markedly higher in workers vs. controls. The results of this study show that occupational exposure to DEHP may lead to disturbances in sex hormones, increased liver problems, higher oxidative stress and DNA damage levels, and lower trace element concentrations in workers. More comprehensive and mechanistic studies with higher numbers of subjects are needed to show the unwanted effects of occupational exposure to DEHP