12,147 research outputs found
Social Norms: Do We Love Norms Too Much?
Social norms are often cited as the cause of many social phenomena, especially as an explanation for prosocial family and relationship behaviors. And yet maybe we love the idea of social norms too much, as suggested by our failure to subject them to rigorous test. Compared to the detail in social norms theoretical orientations, there is very little detail in tests of normative theories. To provide guidance to researchers who invoke social norms as explanations, we catalog normative orientations that have been proposed to account for consistent patterns of action. We call on researchers to conduct tests of normative theories and the processes such theories assert
Distribution and Habitat of the Southern Two-Lined Salamander, Eurycea cirrigera, in Will County, Illinois: Implications For Population Management and Monitoring
The southern two-lined salamander (Eurycea cirrigera) was found to occur at numerous localities within the Kankakee River State Park in Will County, Illinois. The species is restricted to small drainages within the Kankakee River valley that have flow consisting of groundwater that discharges at seeps or springs at or within the valley bluff. Cooler water temperatures and possibly other conditions that are associated with water derived from seep or spring sources may be important factors in determining salamander abundance. This is particularly relevant to larval habitat. These observations suggest that the spring or seep-fed larval habitat may be the primary limiting factor that may explain why the distribution of E. cirrigera is restricted in northern Illinois. It is proposed, that from a conservation management perspective, individual drainages or spring runs may best be considered as subpopulations of a metapopulation that are vulnerable to both deterministic and stochastic extinction. Educational field trips conducted by faculty of Chicago State University in 1996 and 1997 have provided preliminary data of relative population size and environmental conditions at some sites. With further refinement and standardization, these census techniques may have high potential for long-term monitoring to assess population status or detect decline. The inventory and census strategies that were used may also be adapted for use with other streamside salamander species that have similar life history traits and habitat requirements
Determining the optimal locations for shock acceleration in magnetohydrodynamical jets
Observations of relativistic jets from black holes systems suggest that
particle acceleration often occurs at fixed locations within the flow. These
sites could be associated with critical points that allow the formation of
standing shock regions, such as the magnetosonic modified fast point. Using the
self-similar formulation of special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics by
Vlahakis & K\"onigl, we derive a new class of flow solutions that are both
relativistic and cross the modified fast point at a finite height. Our
solutions span a range of Lorentz factors up to at least 10, appropriate for
most jets in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, and a range in injected
particle internal energy. A broad range of solutions exists, which will allow
the eventual matching of these scale-free models to physical boundary
conditions in the analysis of observed sources.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
An annotated list of the species-group names applied to the lizard genus Sceloporus
An alphabetically-arranged list of all (196) species-group names ever proposed or used in the genus Sceloporus is presented, with citations of the original proposal, onomatophore, type locality, English standardnames, current status, combination priority, group assignment, and etymology. Twenty-three species groups, 91 species (66 monotypic) and 153 species- group names are recognized as valid.Se presenta una lista alfabĂ©tica de todos los nombres (196) de especies y subespecies aplicados o que han sido propuestos para las lagartijas del gĂ©nero Sceloporus. Esta lista incluye: la cita original, persona que propuso el nombre, localidad tipo, el nombre comĂșn en inglĂ©s, estado actual, prioridad de la combinaciĂłn, grupo al que se asigna y etimologĂa. Se han admitido como vĂĄlidos 23 grupos de especies, 91 especies (66 monotĂpicas) y 153 especies y subespecies
The Indo-U.S. Library of Coude Feed Stellar Spectra
We have obtained spectra for 1273 stars using the 0.9m Coud\'e Feed telescope
at Kitt Peak National Observatory. This telescope feeds the coud\'e
spectrograph of the 2.1m telescope. The spectra have been obtained with the #5
camera of the coud\'e spectrograph and a Loral 3K X 1K CCD. Two gratings have
been used to provide spectral coverage from 3460 \AA to 9464 \AA, at a
resolution of 1\AA FWHM and at an original dispersion of 0.44 \AA/pixel.
For 885 stars we have complete spectra over the entire 3460 \AA to 9464 \AA
wavelength region (neglecting small gaps of 50 \AA), and partial spectral
coverage for the remaining stars. The 1273 stars have been selected to provide
broad coverage of the atmospheric parameters T, log g, and [Fe/H], as
well as spectral type. The goal of the project is to provide a comprehensive
library of stellar spectra for use in the automated classification of stellar
and galaxy spectra and in galaxy population synthesis. In this paper we discuss
the characteristics of the spectral library, viz., details of the observations,
data reduction procedures, and selection of stars. We also present a few
illustrations of the quality and information available in the spectra. The
first version of the complete spectral library is now publicly available from
the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) via FTP and HTTP.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 4 table
Masculinity in Adolescent Malesâ Early Romantic and Sexual Heterosexual Relationships
There is a need to understand better the complex interrelationship between the adoption of masculinity during adolescence and the development of early romantic and sexual relationships. The purpose of this study was to describe features of adolescent masculinity and how it is expressed in the contexts of early to middle adolescent malesâ romantic and sexual relationships. Thirty-three 14- to 16-year-old males were recruited from an adolescent clinic serving a community with high sexually transmitted infection rates and were asked open-ended questions about their relationshipsâhow they developed, progressed, and ended. Participants described a high degree of relationally oriented beliefs and behaviors related to romantic and sexual relationships, such as a desire for intimacy and trust. The males also described a more limited degree of conventionally masculine beliefs and behaviors. These beliefs and behaviors often coexisted or overlapped. Implications for the clinical care of similar groups of adolescents are described
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