11 research outputs found
Improved cosmic microwave background (de-)lensing using general spherical harmonic transforms
Deep cosmic microwave background polarization experiments allow a very
precise internal reconstruction of the gravitational lensing signal in
pricinple. For this aim, likelihood-based or Bayesian methods are typically
necessary, where very large numbers of lensing and delensing remappings on the
sphere are sometimes required before satisfactory convergence. We discuss here
an optimized piece of numerical code in some detail that is able to efficiently
perform both the lensing operation and its adjoint (closely related to
delensing) to arbitrary accuracy, using nonuniform fast Fourier transform
technology. Where applicable, we find that the code outperforms current
widespread software by a very wide margin. It is able to produce
high-resolution maps that are accurate enough for next-generation cosmic
microwave background experiments on the timescale of seconds on a modern
laptop. The adjoint operation performs similarly well and removes the need for
the computation of inverse deflection fields. This publicly available code
enables de facto efficient spherical harmonic transforms on completely
arbitrary grids, and it might be applied in other areas as well.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, final A&
Treating asthma: is there a place for leukotriene receptor antagonists?
SummaryAsthma is a chronic disorder, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation and airway remodelling. Evidence has been provided for a relationship between pathophysiology, airway inflammation and remodelling. Moreover, these asthma features have been shown to respond to anti-inflammatory therapy. According to current guidelines, monitoring of asthma is predominantly based on symptoms and lung function data. However, these parameters appeared as poor indices for asthma control. Alternatively, asthma control relates well to exacerbations and (anamnestic) surrogate biomarkers of airway inflammation. Hence, appropriate treatment of asthma should primarily target the airway inflammation.According to current guidelines for asthma management, anti-inflammatory therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is the cornerstone in the treatment of persistent asthma. To further optimize asthma control, add-on therapy with long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) or leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) should be combined with low to high doses of ICS. While the first combination focuses on optimal control of symptoms and lung function, the second provides a more complete suppression of the airway inflammation.In this paper we discuss treatment of asthma according to current guidelines versus new insights, addressing practical issues
Foreground Separation and Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with the PICO Space Mission
PICO is a concept for a NASA probe-scale mission aiming to detect or
constrain the tensor to scalar ratio , a parameter that quantifies the
amplitude of inflationary gravity waves. We carry out map-based component
separation on simulations with five foreground models and input values
and . We forecast determinations using a
Gaussian likelihood assuming either no delensing or a residual lensing factor
= 27%. By implementing the first full-sky, post
component-separation, map-domain delensing, we show that PICO should be able to
achieve = 22% - 24%. For four of the five foreground models we
find that PICO would be able to set the constraints r < 1.3 \times 10^{-4}
\,\, \mbox{to} \,\, r <2.7 \times 10^{-4}\, (95\%) if , the
strongest constraints of any foreseeable instrument. For these models,
is recovered with confidence levels between and
. We find weaker, and in some cases significantly biased, upper
limits when removing few low or high frequency bands. The fifth model gives a
detection when and a bias with .
However, by correlating determinations from many small 2.5% sky areas with
the mission's 555 GHz data we identify and mitigate the bias. This analysis
underscores the importance of large sky coverage. We show that when only low
multipoles are used, the non-Gaussian shape of the true
likelihood gives uncertainties that are on average 30% larger than a Gaussian
approximation.Comment: 34 pages, 13 figures, published in JCA
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan
Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper
This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan