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New catalog of neutron capture gamma rays for prompt gamma activation analysis
Recommended from our members
New catalog of neutron capture gamma rays for prompt gamma activation analysis
Determination of the 209Bi(n,gamma) Capture Cross Section at a Cold Neutron Beam
The total capture cross section of 209Bi was determined at the cold neutron beam PGAA-NIPS facilities at the Budapest Neutron Centre. The measurements were performed using a coaxial HPGe detector with Compton suppression. The total and partial gamma ray production cross sections were deduced relative to the 14N(n,gamma) partial gamma ray production cross section. By using a bismuth nitrate stoichiometric compound as the sample, we excluded various systematic uncertainties. The total capture cross section is in very good agreement with the compilation of Mughaghab, but is slightly lower than the most recent value determined at the high flux reactor of the ILL in Grenoble, France. We also performed measurements using a 0.5 mm thin Bi metal disc. The relative intensitites determined from the Bi disc and the compound samples are in good agreement.JRC.D.5-Neutron physic
The 209Bi(nth, )210Bi and 209Bi(nth, )210m,gBi Cross Sections Determined at the Budapest Neutron Centre
The neutron total capture cross section of 209Bi together with the cross sections to the ground state and the isomeric state were determined at the cold neutron beam PGAA-NIPS facilities at the Budapest Neutron Centre. For the measurements we used a coaxial HPGe detector with Compton suppression. The partial gamma-ray production cross sections were deduced relative to the partial capture cross section for the 4055 keV transition following 209Bi(n, gamma). This partial cross section was measured with a bismuth nitrate sample with respect to nitrogen as a comparator. The total capture cross section resulting from the primary transitions is lower than the one deduced from the transitions feeding the isomeric and the ground state. Since the multipolarity of the main transition feeding the ground state is not known, the uncertainty on the capture cross section to the ground state is rather large. We also compare the total capture thermal cross section with the value deduced from resonance parameters and discuss the impact of the branching ratio on the analysis of prompt capture cross section measurements using the total energy detection principle.JRC.D.5-Neutron physic
In Situ Determination of Hydrogen Inside a Catalytic Reactor Using Prompt Ξ³ [Gamma] Activation Analysis
Prompt Ξ³ activation analysis (PGAA) has been further developed to analyze reacting components inside a chemical reactor. The new method, in situ PGAA, was used to determine the hydrogen-to-palladium molar ratio under various conditions of palladium-catalyzed alkyne hydrogenation. The H/Pd molar ratio was successfully measured in the range of 0.1β1.0 in an ~2g catalytic reactor containing a few milligrams of palladium catalyst. The amount of hydrogen was only a few tens of micrograms, and the detection limit was ~5 ΞΌg, i.e., at ppm level compared to the whole reactor. The description of the device, methodological developments, a feasibility study, and results of a series of catalytic measurements are presented
Analysis of the Younger Dryas Impact Layer
We have uncovered a thin layer of magnetic grains and microspherules, carbon spherules, and
glass-like carbon at nine sites across North America, a site in Belgium, and throughout the rims of 16 Carolina Bays. It is consistent with the ejecta layer from an impact event and has been dated to 12.9 ka BP coinciding with the onset of Younger Dryas (YD) cooling and widespread megafaunal extinctions in North America. At many locations the impact layer is directly below a black mat marking the sudden disappearance of the megafauna and Clovis people. The distribution pattern of the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) ejecta layer is consistent with an impact near the Great
Lakes that deposited terrestrial-like ejecta near the impact site and unusual, titanium-rich
projectile-like ejecta further away. High water content associated with the ejecta, up to 28 at. %
hydrogen (H), suggests the impact occurred over the Laurentide Ice Sheet. YDB microspherules
and magnetic grains are highly enriched in TiO2. Magnetic grains from several sites are enriched
in iridium (Ir), up to 117 ppb. The TiO2/FeO, K/Th, TiO2/Zr, Al2O3/FeO+MgO, CaO/Al2O3, REE/
chondrite, FeO/MnO ratios and SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, Ni, Co, U, Th and other trace element
abundances are inconsistent with all terrestrial and extraterrestrial (ET) sources except for
KREEP, a lunar igneous rock rich in potassium (K), rare-earth elements (REE), phosphorus
(P), and other incompatible elements including U and Th. Normal Fe, Ti, and 238U/235U isotopic
abundances were found in the magnetic grains, but 234U was enriched over equilibrium values
by 50 % in Murray Springs and by 130 % in Belgium. 40K abundance is enriched by up to 100 %
in YDB sediments and Clovis chert artifacts. Highly vesicular carbon spherules containing
nanodiamonds, glass-like carbon, charcoal and soot found in large quantities in the YDB layer
are consistent with an impact followed by intense burning. Four holes in the Great Lakes, some
deeper than Death Valley, are proposed as possible craters produced by the airburst breakup of
a loosely aggregated projectile.ΠΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ», ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
16 Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ 12,9
ΡΡΡ. Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° (YD). ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° (YDB)
ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ,
Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (Π΄ΠΎ
28 % Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°) ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ YDB Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ TiO2. ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°
ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (Ir), Π΄ΠΎ 117 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ TiO2/FeO, K/Th, TiO2/Zr, Al2O3/FeO+MgO, CaO/Al2O3, REE / Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΡ, FeO / MnO, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, Ni, Co, U, Th ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ
Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ KREEP - Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (K), ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (Π ΠΠ), ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ (P) ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Fe, Ti ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡ 238U/235U Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ
Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
, Π½ΠΎ 234U ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° 50 % Π²
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π‘ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π° 130 % Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. 40K ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎ 100 % ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· YDB ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ YDB ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅
Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Analysis of the Younger Dryas Impact Layer
We have uncovered a thin layer of magnetic grains and microspherules, carbon spherules, and
glass-like carbon at nine sites across North America, a site in Belgium, and throughout the rims of 16 Carolina Bays. It is consistent with the ejecta layer from an impact event and has been dated to 12.9 ka BP coinciding with the onset of Younger Dryas (YD) cooling and widespread megafaunal extinctions in North America. At many locations the impact layer is directly below a black mat marking the sudden disappearance of the megafauna and Clovis people. The distribution pattern of the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) ejecta layer is consistent with an impact near the Great
Lakes that deposited terrestrial-like ejecta near the impact site and unusual, titanium-rich
projectile-like ejecta further away. High water content associated with the ejecta, up to 28 at. %
hydrogen (H), suggests the impact occurred over the Laurentide Ice Sheet. YDB microspherules
and magnetic grains are highly enriched in TiO2. Magnetic grains from several sites are enriched
in iridium (Ir), up to 117 ppb. The TiO2/FeO, K/Th, TiO2/Zr, Al2O3/FeO+MgO, CaO/Al2O3, REE/
chondrite, FeO/MnO ratios and SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, Ni, Co, U, Th and other trace element
abundances are inconsistent with all terrestrial and extraterrestrial (ET) sources except for
KREEP, a lunar igneous rock rich in potassium (K), rare-earth elements (REE), phosphorus
(P), and other incompatible elements including U and Th. Normal Fe, Ti, and 238U/235U isotopic
abundances were found in the magnetic grains, but 234U was enriched over equilibrium values
by 50 % in Murray Springs and by 130 % in Belgium. 40K abundance is enriched by up to 100 %
in YDB sediments and Clovis chert artifacts. Highly vesicular carbon spherules containing
nanodiamonds, glass-like carbon, charcoal and soot found in large quantities in the YDB layer
are consistent with an impact followed by intense burning. Four holes in the Great Lakes, some
deeper than Death Valley, are proposed as possible craters produced by the airburst breakup of
a loosely aggregated projectile.ΠΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ», ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
16 Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ 12,9
ΡΡΡ. Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° (YD). ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° (YDB)
ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ,
Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (Π΄ΠΎ
28 % Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°) ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ YDB Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ TiO2. ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°
ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (Ir), Π΄ΠΎ 117 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ TiO2/FeO, K/Th, TiO2/Zr, Al2O3/FeO+MgO, CaO/Al2O3, REE / Ρ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΡ, FeO / MnO, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, Ni, Co, U, Th ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ
Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ KREEP - Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (K), ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (Π ΠΠ), ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ (P) ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Fe, Ti ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡ 238U/235U Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ
Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
, Π½ΠΎ 234U ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° 50 % Π²
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π‘ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π° 130 % Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. 40K ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎ 100 % ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· YDB ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ YDB ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅
Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Determination of the Branching Ratio for the 209Bi(n, gamma) 210Bi Reaction from 500 eV to 20keV
Energy differential neutron capture cross section measurements have been performed to determine the branching ratio for the 209Bi(n,gamma) reaction. The measurements were carried out at the time-of-flight facility GELINA of the IRMM in Geel (Belgium). The capture measurements were performed at a 12 m flight path using three High-Purity Germanium detectors. The experimental set-up was optimized to reduce the prompt background due to scattered neutrons. Several gamma-ray spectra corresponding to the 209Bi + n resonances up to 20 keV were deduced. The results of a preliminary data analysis are given in this paper.JRC.D.5-Neutron physic
Developing reliable reaction gamma-ray data
We report on efforts to develop reliable photonuclear cross section and photon strength function data by measuring, compiling, assessing, evaluating the available data, and producing tables of Giant Dipole Resonance parameters and global models for use in basic sciences and applications