Caractéristiques des feux dans un incendie en savane soudanienne au Tchad

La présente étude a été entreprise dans la forêt de Guirkouh en zone soudanienne dans le but de contribuer à la connaissance des caractéristiques des feux expérimentaux dans un incendie au Tchad. Le comportement d’un feu de végétation peut être caractérisé de diverses manières : la température du feu atteinte à divers niveaux, la vitesse de propagation, la hauteur des flammes, la superficie couverte par le feu et l’intensité du feu. Une étude de la biomasse maximale de la strate herbacée a été estimée à 2,107 t MS/ha par la méthode de la récolte intégrale. L’étude des caractéristiques des feux a révélé que les températures sont différentes selon l’emplacement des capteurs (dans le sol, au niveau de sol et dans la végétation). La température maximale obtenue est de 593 °C à hauteur de 50 cm. En moyenne une valeur de 4,75 m pour la hauteur des flammes, 90% comme proportion de surface couverte par le feu. L’intensité du feu atteint 594,77 KJ/s/m. La vitesse de propagation du feu dépend étroitement de la vitesse du vent et de la hauteur de la végétation. La hauteur de la flamme quant à elle est fonction de la vitesse de la propagation du feu et de la hauteur de la végétation. La vitesse et le sens du vent se sont révélés influencer significativement le comportement du feu. Les résultats obtenus permettent de mieux comprendre le comportement du feu dans les savanes soudaniennes. Ils présentent aussi une grande importance pour les opérations de lutte anti-incendie.Mots clés : Comportement des feux, Tchad, Forêt de Guirkouh, Zone soudanienne, lutte anti-incendie

There is no one way to internationalization at home: Virtual mobility and student engagement through formal and informal approaches to curricula

Internationalization at Home (IaH) is the most accessible approach for internationalizing education, as it does not involve mobility or considerable investment. This article discusses the results of two distinct IaH initiatives: a 4-week collaboration between students from a Portuguese university and a Mexican university, and a set of activities conducted throughout one semester in a multicultural classroom in one Portuguese university. The analysis shows that, despite the clear differences between the two initiatives, they provided very interesting outcomes, with students recognizing the development of intercultural communication skills and other soft skills, which were perceived as adding value to the learning process and to their future professional careers. Keywords: internationalization of higher education; internationalization of the curricula; classroom collaboration; multicultural classroom

Traitements ethno-vétérinaires des parasitoses digestives des petits ruminants dans le plateau central du Burkina Faso

La présente étude visait d\'une part, à mieux comprendre les motivations des éleveurs à recourir aux méthodes traditionnelles de soins pour leurs animaux, et d\'autre part, à recenser les remèdes utilisés dans la région du plateau central du Burkina Faso. Elle s\'est déroulée de juin à octobre 2006 en deux étapes : i) une phase de groupe (focus-group screening) avec un formulaire-guide d\'entretien comme support d\'interview semi-structurées (ISS) auprès de 101 éleveurs et ii) une phase individuelle sous la forme d\'enquêtes formelles avec un formulaire administré successivement à 21 tradipraticiens vétérinaires reconnus compétents dans le traitement des parasitoses digestives des petits ruminants par la communauté des éleveurs. Les résultats ont montré que 50.5% des éleveurs utilisaient concomitamment la médecine vétérinaire moderne et celle traditionnelle pour soigner les animaux malades. Les tradipraticiens vétérinaires qui prestent pour ces éleveurs sont âgés en moyenne de 57,6 ans et sont analphabètes. Les remèdes traditionnels proposés pour lutter contre les parasites digestifs des petits ruminants de la région sont essentiellement à base de plantes locales (88,8%) composées de douze (12) espèces appartenant à neuf (9) familles botaniques. Leurs modes de préparation et d\'administration aux animaux sont décrits selon les dires des tradipraticiens enquêtés. Keywords: Pharmacopée vétérinaire; parasites digestifs; petits ruminants; région centrale, Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 1 (3) 2007: pp. 397-30

Insights into the expectations of mobility students: the impact of Erasmus in their future professional careers

[EN] At the celebration of its 30th anniversary, Erasmus is recognised as the most successful exchange program ever implemented. The prospects of attaining a common European consciousness challenged the program's ability to blend together knowledge, attitudes and skills in a winning combination. It is no longer sufficient to communicate and integrate: mobility should actively foster skills to support students's professional career at national and international levels. Although literature on mobility is vast and interesting, studies on the impact of the mobility experience in the students' future employability profile rarely provide first-hand data on their expectations in this regard. This exploratory research comprises a qualitative focus group approach with Erasmus students during their exchange period in a Portuguese university and collected some insightful data on how students consider their mobility in terms of new learning outcomes, the professional value of the experience and the development of new skills. Results indicate that students seem to be quite aware of the positive implications of mobility in their professional careers and of the set of skills developed during that period. Overall, this article contributes to demonstrating the importance of assessing skills development during Erasmus mobility experiences. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are provided.This work is financially supported by National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the project UID/CED/00194/2013.Simões, D.; Pinheiro, MM.; Santos, C.; Filipe, S.; Barbosa, B.; Dias, GP. (2017). Insights into the expectations of mobility students: the impact of Erasmus in their future professional careers. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 696-704. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.536069670

Applied Radiation and Isotopes Monte Carlo Verification of Output Correction Factors for a TrueBeam STx linac

The recent publication of the new code of practice IEAA/AAPM TRS-483 introduces the use of output correction factors to correct the changes in detector response in relative dosimetry of small photon beams. In TRS-483, average correction factors are reported for several detectors at 6 and 10 MV with and without attening. These correction factors were determined by Monte Carlo simulation or experimental measurements using several linacs of di erent brands and vendors. The goal of this work was to validate the output correction factors reported in TRS-483 for a 6 MV (with and without attening lter) of a TrueBeam STx® linac with Monte Carlo simulation for four radiation detectors employed in the dosimetry of small photon beams and whose output correction factors were determined using di erent radiation source than TrueBeam STx®: PTW®31010, PTW®31016, IBA®CC-01, and IBA®SFD. The results show that Monte Carlo calculated output factors, and those reported in the code of practice TRS-483 fully agree within 1%. The use of generic correction factors for a TrueBeam STx® and the detectors studied in this work is adequate for small dosimetry static beams within the uncertainties of Monte Carlo calculations and output correction factors reported in TRS-483. Key words: TRS-483, Monte Carlo simulation, output correction factors, detector model, Phase Space File, Latent Varianc

Austere Times: Male Experiences of Liminal Vulnerability

Drawing on anthropological and gender theories, we investigate the liminal nature of male vulnerability within the context of austerity. From depth interviews with 11 males from 5 European countries, we contribute to the vulnerability and gender literature by revealing the effects of liminal vulnerability on male identities and roles

Preliminary study on the prevalence of Varroa sp in honeybee colonies in the village of Mondon (Burkina Faso)

In Burkina Faso, beekeeping is practised throughout the country. It has many potentialities, but it faced many constraints. Sanitary constraints are less investigated and need to be elucidate for a better management of bee colonies and improvement of beekeeping. A descriptive study was conducted in Cascades region to assess the prevalence and the density of Varroa mite infestation. The method of sugar shake on adult bees was used. The overall prevalence found was 91.7% [95% CI: 83.8% - 99.5%] and the density varied from 0.3 mite/100 bees to 12.3 mites/100 bees. These results show that the Varroa mite is widespread in bee colonies and its monitoring should be considered for bee health management, which is essential for sustainable beekeeping. Advanced research is needed in a large sample area to further investigate the epidemiological aspects and the potential impact of the mite on honeybee production

Parasitic infections in pirarucu fry, Arapaima gigas Schinz, 1822 (Arapaimatidae) kept in a semi-intensive fish farm in Central Amazon, Brazil.

Studies regarding parasite fauna in farmed fish are of great relevance to lhe knowledge of the parasites species. allowing interference in their proliferation in order to avoid epizooties and consequently. economical losses, This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and intensity of parasites in fry Arapaima gigas maintained in ponds of a semi-intensive fish farm in Amazonas State, Brazil. On necropsy, 96,0% of A. gigas were found parasitized by Dawestrema cycloancistrioides. Dawestrema cycloancistrioides (Monogenoidea). Trichodina sp., Ichthyobodo sp. (Protozoa). Camallamus tridentatus, Terranova serrata, Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda) and Argulidae. However, D. cycloancistrium. D, cycloancistrioides and Trichodina fariai were the parasites of' greatest intensity. This study is the first to report parasitic infections in farmed A. gigas and the results indicated a high rate of infection that might lead to important changes in the health of the hosts