Open ocean temperature and salinity trends in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem

The Sea Surface Temperature in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) for the 32 years in the period 1982‐2013 shows a mean warming trend of 0.28°C decade‐1. However, this overall warming trend shows significant changes due to the influence of the different dynamical regimes that coexist in the CCLME. Near the coast, in the area under the influence of the upwelling, between Cape Blanc and Cape Beddouza, the warming trend is not statistically different from zero. Near the coast, but in the waters under the influence of downwelling, between Cape Verde and Cape Blanc, the warming trend is higher (>0.5°C decade‐1), and statistically significant. In the oceanic regions, there is a statistically significant trend of 0.25°C decade‐1, a trend that is also observed in waters shallower than the permanent thermocline (200‐ 600 dbar). This warming rate is density compensate, with an increase in salinity of 0.02 decade‐1. Neither the intermediate waters nor the upper deep waters show any statistically significant trend. The deep waters (2600‐3600 dbar) in the oceanic waters north of the Canary Islands, show a warming rate of ‐0.01°C decade‐1 and a freshening of ‐0.002 decade‐1.En prens

A MCDM methodology to determine the most critical variables in the pressure drop and heat transfer in minichannels

This paper proposes a methodology aiming at determining the most influent working variables and geometrical parameters over the pressure drop and heat transfer during the condensation process of several refrigerant gases using heat exchangers with pipes mini channels technology. A multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology was used; this MCDM includes a mathematical method called SIMUS (Sequential Interactive Modelling for Urban Systems) that was applied to the results of 2543 tests obtained by using a designed refrigeration rig in which five different refrigerants (R32, R134a, R290, R410A and R1234yf) and two different tube geometries were tested. This methodology allows us to reduce the computational cost compared to the use of neural networks or other model development systems. This research shows six variables out of 39 that better define simultaneously the minimum pressure drop, as well as the maximum heat transfer, saturation pressure fluid entering the condenser being the most important one. Another aim of this research was to highlight a new methodology based on operation research for their application to improve the heat transfer energy efficiency and reduce the CO2 footprint derived of the use of heat exchangers with minichannels.Eloy Hontoria is grateful to Project RTI2018-099139-B-C21 financed by FEDER/ Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación

Pandemia en el mercado de la vivienda española

The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have made the 2020-2023 triennium exceptional in the housing market, and although the general consensus highlights the resilience of the sector in the face of the events, the information that can be obtained by comparing quarters or full years does not offer a view of what happened because of the volatility in the data. In the present study, we compare for the three-year periods 2017-2019 and 2020-2022, the transactions carried out, housing starts and completions, in addition to their average price, at the national level and in significant provincial markets, in this way we can see in the three-year period as a whole if the pre-crisis trend continues or not. From the literature reviewed we can see the relevance of local housing markets within a general trend, and together with the analysis of what happened in the Spanish market, we see the repercussions in some representative housing markets. We find that in some areas there are no consequences at all, while in others there is an early recovery. We distinguish between new and used housing, due to the strong differences in their price, with the new construction housing series being bullish versus the relative stability of second hand housing prices. In addition, we will be able to visualize the strong negative correlation between real estate activity measured by the number of transactions and the unemployment rate. Expectations about the continuity in the functioning of the housing market in Spain do not correspond to what happened, but our results are in line with the analyses we collected after the first months of the crisis, which emphasize the still lower market interest rates, and the support of public policy for employment, as well as the balances in the initial situation of the housing market with respect to previous crises, as an explanation for the resilience of the sector. In sum the resiliency of the real estate sector in Spain was mainly the consequence of favourable financial conditions and employment, but in the next future strict finance, higher rates of interest, and low consumer expectation will affect the real estate development.La pandemia y la guerra de Ucrania han hecho excepcional el trienio 2020-2022 en el mercado de la vivienda, y aunque el consenso general destaca la resiliencia del sector ante los acontecimientos, la volatilidad de los datos dificulta la visión de lo ocurrido cuando comparamos trimestres o años completos. Por esta razón realizamos un análisis de dos períodos, comparando para los trienios 2017-2019 y 2020-2022, las transacciones realizadas, las viviendas iniciadas y terminadas, y su precio medio, de esta forma podemos ver si en el trienio en su conjunto estas variables siguen o no la tendencia anterior a la crisis. De la literatura revisada, se desprende la relevancia de los mercados locales de vivienda dentro de una tendencia general, y junto al análisis de lo ocurrido en el mercado español, vemos las repercusiones en algunos mercados de vivienda representativos. Encontramos que en algunas zonas no hay consecuencias en absoluto, mientras que en otras hay una pronta recuperación debido a las tendencias y peculiaridades de esos mercados. Distinguimos entre vivienda nueva y usada, debido a las fuertes diferencias en su precio, siendo al alza la serie de vivienda nueva frente a la relativa estabilidad de los precios de la vivienda de segunda mano. Respecto a las transacciones las de vivienda nueva se estancan, mientras que hay una intensa actividad en vivienda usada. Además, podremos visualizar la fuerte correlación negativa entre la actividad inmobiliaria medida por el número de transacciones y la tasa del paro. Las expectativas que había en los momentos iniciales de la crisis sobre problemas en el funcionamiento del mercado de vivienda en España no se corresponden en general con lo efectivamente ocurrido, y en los trabajos revisados se recogía cierta prevención sin llegar a proyectar un escenario de crisis inmobiliaria. Pero en nuestro trabajo identificamos claramente que el contexto de tipos de interés de mercado a la baja, y el soporte de la política pública al empleo, así como los equilibrios en la situación de partida del mercado de vivienda respecto a crisis anteriores, explican la resiliencia del sector que comprobamos para el período completo. Esta constatación es también útil para la toma de decisiones en futuras posibles crisis con los rasgos de la que analizamos, siendo particularmente relevante la consideración de las subidas de tipos de interés que se dan ya a partir de 2022. En suma, el sector inmobiliario mostró resiliencia ante la crisis sanitaria debido principalmente a las favorables condiciones financieras y laborales, pero de ninguna manera puede concluirse que estas serán las circunstancias futuras en un contexto de restricción financiera y caída en las expectativas de consumo

The Canary Basin contribution to the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N

This study examines the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its eastern boundary contributions. The cycle has a magnitude of 6 Sv, as measured by the RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS project array at 26°N, which is driven largely by the eastern boundary. The eastern boundary variations are explored in the context of the regional circulation around the Canary Islands. There is a 3 month lag between maximum wind forcing and the largest eastern boundary transports, which is explained in terms of a model for Rossby wave generated at the eastern boundary. Two dynamic processes take place through the Lanzarote Passage (LP) in fall: the recirculation of the Canary Current and the northward flow of the Intermediate Poleward Undercurrent. In contrast, during the remaining seasons the transport through the LP is southward due to the Canary Upwelling Current. These processes are linked to the seasonal cycle of the AMOC

Modelling and real-data validation of a logistic centre using TRNSYS®: Influences of the envelope, infiltrations and stored goods

In this paper, the authors aim to support users when modelling scenarios with complex processes entailing thermal loads and infiltrations. The large building analysed is a logistics centre for the replenishment and distribution of perishable foodstuffs where cold chains must be maintained. The logistics centre, with 96 loading/unloading docks, handles large turnovers of different goods. This produces heat inside the facility. Due to continuous loading/unloading, the infiltrations in the building, and the fixed and variable thermal loads, this facility consumes a large amount of energy. Aiming to optimise the centre and contribute to sustainable development goal SDG7, this building has been modelled with a classical non-D envelope using TRNBuild® and also with the more sophisticated 3D software, SketchUp®, to compare and validate their results over a year with real consumption, as well as to assess the main sources of energy consumption. To obtain reliable results, the authors provide some methodology models to identify the sources of the building's thermal losses and quantify the different sources of consumption. These models are useful tools to support decision-makers (to improve insulation and arrange loads, among other things) when trying to reduce energy use in large buildings with intense operating processes. The results indicate that by modelling the entire facility with 3D software, the model estimation differs from real consumption by around 7.22%, while using a non-D model increases the difference to 26%. Additionally, the results show that around 47% of the energy consumption in the building is due to air infiltrations during loading/unloading, 18% is due to perishable products, and around 30% is due to building insulation. The methodology and models presented here, including the possibility of modifying the thermal load profiles, have demonstrated their capacity to reduce and optimise the load demand of refrigeration for warehouses if reliable data records are available.This research was funded by RTI2018-099139-B-C21 from Ministry of Science and Innovation - National Research Agency (MCIN/AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe” of the ‘‘European Union”

On the seasonal variability of the Canary Current and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 4518–4538, doi:10.1002/2017JC012774.The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is continually monitored along 26°N by the RAPID-MOCHA array. Measurements from this array show a 6.7 Sv seasonal cycle for the AMOC, with a 5.9 Sv contribution from the upper mid-ocean. Recent studies argue that the dynamics of the eastern Atlantic is the main driver for this seasonal cycle; specifically, Rossby waves excited south of the Canary Islands. Using inverse modeling, hydrographic, mooring, and altimetry data, we describe the seasonal cycle of the ocean mass transport around the Canary Islands and at the eastern boundary, under the influence of the African slope, where eastern component of the RAPID-MOCHA array is situated. We find a seasonal cycle of −4.1 ± 0.5 Sv for the oceanic region of the Canary Current, and +3.7 ± 0.4 Sv at the eastern boundary. This seasonal cycle along the eastern boundary is in agreement with the seasonal cycle of the AMOC that requires the lowest contribution to the transport in the upper mid-ocean to occur in fall. However, we demonstrate that the linear Rossby wave model used previously to explain the seasonal cycle of the AMOC is not robust, since it is extremely sensitive to the choice of the zonal range of the wind stress curl and produces the same results with a Rossby wave speed of zero. We demonstrate that the seasonal cycle of the eastern boundary is due to the recirculation of the Canary Current and to the seasonal cycle of the poleward flow that characterizes the eastern boundaries of the oceans.RAPROCAN Project ; Instituto Español de Oceanografía; and as part of the SeVaCan project Grant Number: CTM2013-48695; Ministerio de Economía y Competividad; Apoyo al Personal Investigador en Formación2017-12-0

Proyecto de investigación: elaboración de una medida de la reserva cognitiva basada en la ocupación

p. 101-103Desarrollar una medida de la reserva cognitiva a partir de las variables formativas ocupacionales en personas mayores. Métodos:la investigación se compone de tres fases: 1) definición teórica de las variables formativas ocupacionales; 2) desarrollo de una medida de reserva cognitiva compuesta por variables formativas ocupacionales; 3) estudio piloto para la validación de la medida desarrollada en población mayor. Discusión:el desarrollo de una medida de este tipo, además de novedoso, contribuye a precisareste constructo y podría aportar información útil para el desarrollo de programas de intervención.S

Mesozooplankton size structure in the Canary Current System

Changes in plankton composition influences the dynamics of marine food webs and carbon sinking rates. Understanding the core structure and function of the plankton distribution is of paramount importance to know their role in trophic transfer and efficiency. Here, we studied the zooplankton distribution, abundance, composition, and size spectra for the characterization of the community under different oceanographic conditions in the Canaries-African Transition Zone (C-ATZ). This region is a transition zone between the coastal upwelling and the open ocean showing a high variability because of the physical, chemical, and biological changes between eutrophic and oligotrophic conditions through the annual cycle. During the late winter bloom (LWB), chlorophyll a and primary production were higher compared to that of the stratified season (SS), especially in the upwelling influenced area. Abundance distribution analysis clustered stations into two main groups according to the season (productive versus stratified season), and one group sampled in the upwelling influenced area. Size-spectra analysis showed steeper slopes during daytime in the SS, suggesting a less structured community and a higher trophic efficiency during the LWB due to the favorable oceanographic conditions. We also observed a significant difference between day and nighttime size spectra due to community change during diel vertical migration. Cladocera were the key taxa differentiating an Upwelling-group, from a LWB- and SS-group. These two latter groups were differentiated by Salpidae and Appendicularia mainly. Data obtained in this study suggested that abundance composition might be useful when describing community taxonomic changes, while size-spectra gives an idea of the ecosystem structure, predatory interactions with higher trophic levels and shifts in size structure

Inmovilización enzimática mediante membranas poliméricas de inclusión basadas en líquidos iónicos

[ESP] Los líquidos iónicos presentan una gran utilidad como disolventes y también como medio de reacción, debido a que tienen una presión de vapor prácticamente nula y una alta estabilidad química, mecánica y térmica, lo que permite su reutilización. Se ha desarrollado un derivado enzimático inmovilizado en membranas poliméricas de inclusión basadas en líquidos iónicos para la síntesis de esteres. [ENG] Ionic liquids are very useful solvents as well as reaction medium due to their negligible vapor pressure and high chemical, mechanical and thermal stability, which allow the reuse. An immobilized enzyme derivative in polymeric membranes based on ionic liquids has been developed for the synthesis of esters.Centro Universitario de la Defensa. Escuela de Turismo de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos y Minas (EICM). Escuela de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Edificación (ARQ&IDE). Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Navantia. Campus Mare Nostrum. Estación Experimental Agroalimentaria Tomás Ferr

Aplicación de herramientas tecnológicas en el desarrollo de una investigación científica

[ESP] El desarrollo de métodos analíticos más adecuados en lo que respecta a rapidez y economía y el posterior tratamiento de los datos obtenidos, tienen una importancia clave en el progreso de una investigación; no solo para conseguir unas conclusiones claras sino también para transmitir de la forma más diáfana posible los objetivos conseguidos. Con este fin, se ha expuesto el desarrollo de un método cromatográfico y el tratamiento estadístico y gráfico, usando como software SPSS y Mathematica, de los datos obtenidos en un reactor discontinuo equipado con un catalizador biológico diseñado a partir de membranas de inclusión polimérica (PILM) basadas en líquidos iónicos. [ENG] Developing analytical methods in terms of time and economy and post-treatment of the obtained data have a key role in the progress of research; not only for conclusions but also to convey in the clearest possible way the objectives. Thus, the development of a chromatographic method and the statistical and graphical treatment of the data obtained in a batch reactor equipped with a biological catalyst designed from polymeric membranes including (PILM) based on ionic liquids has been exposed using SPSS and Mathematica software Keywords. Gas Chromatography, Ionic Liquid, Mathematica, PILM, SPSS.Centro Universitario de la Defensa. Escuela de Turismo de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos y Minas (EICM). Escuela de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Edificación (ARQ&IDE). Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Navantia. Campus Mare Nostrum. Estación Experimental Agroalimentaria Tomás Ferr